PacLII Home | Databases | WorldLII | Search | Feedback

Supreme Court of Samoa

You are here:  PacLII >> Databases >> Supreme Court of Samoa >> 2017 >> [2017] WSSC 125

Database Search | Name Search | Recent Decisions | Noteup | LawCite | Download | Help

Police v Phillips [2017] WSSC 125 (4 August 2017)

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF SAMOA
Police v Phillips [2017] WSSC 125


Case name:
Police v Phillips


Citation:


Decision date:
04 August 2017


Parties:
POLICE (Informant) and PAUL JOSEPH PHILLIPS, male of Levili (Defendant)


Hearing date(s):
20, 21 & 26 July 2017


File number(s):



Jurisdiction:
CRIMINAL


Place of delivery:
Supreme Court of Samoa, Mulinuu


Judge(s):
Justice Mata Keli Tuatagaloa


On appeal from:



Order:
The Court finds the evidence by the prosecution very lacking and does not prove the charges beyond reasonable doubt.

The remaining charges against the defendant are dismissed.


Representation:
F Ioane for Prosecution
Su’a H Wallwork for Defendant


Catchwords:
Assault – armed with a dangerous weapon – intentional damage –charges not proven beyond reasonable doubt -


Words and phrases:
Car crashed into shop – fragmented nature of investigation carried out by police evident in evidence before the court – procedures to be take if evidence to be conducted by video link


Legislation cited:
Crimes Act 2013 ss.2; 39; 118(1); 123; 184; 185; 188(a)
Criminal Procedure Act 2016 s.45; 45(3); 47(2)(a)
Evidence Act 2016 ss.86; 88; 88(3); 88(4)
Police Offences Ordinance 1961 s.25


Cases cited:
R v Kahui HC AK CRI-2006-057-1135 10 July 2007 referred to in R v Check [2009] NZCA 548 in Adams on Criminal Law EA103.03
R v Ming HC Auckland, CRI-2009-092-10550, 26 August 2010 in Adams on Criminal Law EA105.01(4)

Summary of decision:

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF SAMOA


HELD AT MULINUU


BETWEEN:


P O L I C E
Informant


A N D:


PAUL JOSEPH PHILLIPS, male of Levili.
Defendant


Counsels:
F Ioane for Prosecution
Su’a H Wallwork for Defendant


Hearing: 20, 21 and 26 July 2017


Oral Decision: 4 August 2017


Written Decision: 1 September 2017


DECISION OF TUATAGALOA J

  1. This is the written decision with full reasons to the conclusion delivered on 4 August 2017.

The Charges:

  1. The Defendant, Paul Phillips was originally charged with twelve (12) offences to which he pleaded ‘not guilty’ to. Six (6) charges were withdrawn and six (6) remained.
  2. On the second day of trial the prosecution further withdrew three of the above charges: endangering transport, attempt to cause serious bodily injury and threatening to kill.
  3. The trial proceeded on the remaining three (3) charges: assault, intentional damage (which was also further amended down to 7 years imprisonment instead of 10 years) and being armed with dangerous weapon. These three charges fall within the jurisdiction of the District Courts, however because the trial was into its second day of evidence and the fact that the Supreme Court has jurisdiction to preside over the charges within the realm of the District Courts the charges were dealt in the Supreme Court.

Preliminary Issues:

  1. There were two preliminary issues that the Court had to deal with prior to the hearing of the evidence:
    1. Application by prosecution under s.45(3) of Criminal Procedure Act 2016 and ss86 & 88 of Evidence Act 2016 for evidence to be relayed by video link from China; and
    2. Application by Counsel for defendant to have the Police Investigating Officer whom Prosecution were not intending to call be called so the defence counsel can question him on his investigation report which resulted in the various charges against the defendant.

Evidence by video link:

  1. On the morning of the trial the Prosecution without filing proper application to the Court under s45(3) of the Criminal Procedure Act set up equipment in the court room to have one of their witnesses evidence conducted by video link from China upon the grounds (later filed):
  2. The prosecution also refers to ss86 and 88 of the Evidence Act 2016 which basically is the same as s45 of CPA 2016 that gives the Court the discretion to allow having the evidence by video link subject to the Court being satisfied as to the reasons why the witness cannot physically give evidence.
  3. Ms Wallwork for the defendant strongly objected to having such evidence taken by video link on the following grounds:
  4. The Court under s45(3) of CPA 2016 and ss86 and s88 of the Evidence Act 2016 has a discretion to make ‘Orders’ (s45) or ‘Directions’ (s88). Section 88(3) sets out the grounds upon which a direction may be given. The grounds must be considered in tandem with matters set out in s88(4). In exercising its discretion whether to allow (or not) evidence to be by video link the Court must have regard to matters in s88(4). That is, in exercising its discretion the Court must consider what is right and proper to achieve a fair trial[1].
  5. After consideration, the Court ruled against allowing the evidence of this prosecution witness to be by video link for the following reasons:

Prosecution to call witness not intended to call

  1. Counsel for the defendant also raised with the Court the fact that she was only aware on the morning of the trial that the prosecution was not calling the Investigation Officer (IO) and that the defense wished to cross examine or question the IO in relation to his investigation report which had lead to the various charges laid against the defendant.
  2. The Court has inherent power to call witnesses not called by the prosecution but such power is to be exercised sparingly and only where the interest of justice lies.[3] In this case, the evidence of the Investigating Officer is crucial as his investigation lead to the various charges being filed by the police against the defendant. The Court pursuant to s47(2)(a) of CPA 2016 directed the prosecution to call the IO, have him sworn and confirm that he was the IO and let defense counsel cross examined him on his investigation as he had provided in his report.

The Evidence:

  1. The evidence not disputed is as follows:
  2. The documentary evidence tendered as Exhibits are photos by the prosecution(EXH P1), warrant of arrest issued against the driver of the van (EXH D1), copies of photos disclosed by the prosecution different from photos in EXH P1 (EXH D2), set of photos taken by defendant (EXH D3).
  3. The prosecution called four(4) witnesses:
  4. The defense called two witnesses, the defendant, Paul Phillips and Solomua Manu an employee of the defendant.

The Law:

  1. The remaining charges the prosecution proceeded with were: intentional damage, armed with a dangerous weapon and assault.
  2. The Prosecution must prove the following elements of the offence of intentional damage under s.184(2)(a) beyond reasonable doubt:
    1. The defendant destroyed or damaged any property;
    2. He did so intentionally or recklessly
  3. ‘Property’ is defined in s.2 of the Crimes Act 2013 to mean “real and personal property, and any estate or interest in any real and personal property, money, electricity and any debt, and anything in action, and any other right or interest.”
  4. Intention is the accused actual state of mind. ‘Reckless’ means that the accused appreciated the substantial risk of damage but carried on regardless. It is accepted that, the test for ‘reckless’ in intentional damage is subjective.
  5. On the charge of armed with a dangerous weapon, namely a machete under section 25 of the Police Offences Ordinance 1961, the Prosecution must prove beyond reasonable doubt that:
  6. Assault is simply unwarranted force of laying hands on another person or an attempt to do hurt to another with the intention to do the act.

Discussion:

  1. This is a case of where the saying “A picture tells or paints a thousand words” applies.
  2. Constable Frank Fuaava when the photos taken by the defendant (EXH D1) were shown to him confirmed the damage in the photos to the shop and to the van of what he saw when he attended to the shop while the van was still in its crashed position. As seen from the photos (EXH D1) the damages alleged in the information charging the defendant with intentional damage were caused by the crash and not of any doing by the defendant. This part of Constable Fuaava’s evidence makes the evidence of the defendant, Mr Phillips more credible and plausible. The fact that Mr Phillips hit the back tail gate of the van which may have made a mark to that part of the tail gate cannot be said to amount to ‘damage’ as intended under the law for the van was already badly damaged from the impact of the crash into the shop. Furthermore, the tail gate of the van was stuck to the part of the ceiling and from the photos was already badly damaged.
  3. The court accepts that the defendant was working in his garden using a machete when the van crashed in to his shop and that he walked over to the crash with the machete that he was using in the garden. He did not deliberately arm himself with the machete to cause damage to the van or to threaten the driver of the van. There is also no evidence of the defendant punching the driver of the van.
  4. The extent of the damage to the shop as evident in photos tendered by defence (EXH D1) shows the entire body of the van in the shop with the back of the van completely blocking any access into the shop as the frame of the main entrance into the shop was wrapped around the back of the van making it extremely difficult to view the full extent of damage from behind. The photos taken from some meters behind the van would make looking into the shop very hard and especially if you are standing 40-50 metres behind as in the evidence of Mr Leo Li and Mr Qiao Li.
  5. The only evidence for the prosecution as to the charges was that of Mr Leo Li and Qiao Li. What they said they saw was from a distance of 40-50 looking in to the shop. The van stuck in the doorway of the shop blocks a direct view into the shop. How they were able to look in to the shop from that distance is very questionable. The Court finds their evidence very doubtful and does not meet the standard required to prove any of the charges beyond reasonable doubt. The evidence for the defense is more plausible and the court accepts their evidence.

Conclusion:

  1. The Court finds the evidence by the prosecution very lacking and does not prove the charges beyond reasonable doubt.
  2. The remaining charges against the defendant are dismissed.

JUSTICE TUATAGALOA


[1] R v Kahui HC AK CRI-2006-057-1135 10 July 2007 referred to in R v Check [2009] NZCA 548 in Adams on Criminal Law EA103.03
[2] R v Ming HC Auckland, CRI-2009-092-10550, 26 August 2010 in Adams on Criminal Law EA105.01(4)
[3] R v Wilson [1997] 2 NZLR 500


PacLII: Copyright Policy | Disclaimers | Privacy Policy | Feedback
URL: http://www.paclii.org/ws/cases/WSSC/2017/125.html