Yona v Mpopongliu [2024] VUSC 123; Civil Case 2061 of 2023 (13 June 2024)

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF Civil
THE REPUBLIC OF VANUATU Case No. 23/2061 SC/Civil
(Civil Jurisdiction)

BETWEEN: GIDEON YONA AND FAMILY MAKALVIP
Claimants

AND: JACK LUI MPOPONGLIU AND FAMILY BONG

Defendants

Before: Justice Oliver A. Saksak

Counsel: Mr Andrew Bal for the Claimants
Mr Eric Molbaleh for the Defendants

Date of Hearing: 2^nd February 2024

Date of Judgment: 13^th June 2024

JUDGMENT

Introduction

1. This judgment is formulated on the papers as agreed by both counsel on 2^nd February 2024 when Mr Bal proposed to file written submissions by 30^th April 2024 and Mr Molbaleh to file and serve his submissions by 30^th May 2024.
   
2. Molbaleh filed defence submissions first in time on 3^rd May 2024 and Mr Bal filed his final

submissions only on 7^th June 2024.

Background

3. By their Supreme Court claim filed on 4^th August 2023 the Claimants claim that they are the declared custom owners of Kitto or Ngitto land situated on West Epi.
   
4. The decision was made by the Mabfilau Village Court on 10^th October 1984.
   
5. The decision was appealed to the Tarpumamele Council of Chiefs which upheld the decision of the Mabfilau Village Court on 12^th June 2000.
6. Based on the decisions the claimants seek orders to:
   1. Evict the defendants from Mabfilau village and Kitto land,
   2. Special and punitive damages in the sum of VT 2,000,000,
   100. General damages in the sum of VT 500,000, and
   4. Costs
      

Defence case

7. The defendants filed a defence on 5^th September 2023 denying that the claimants were declared as custom owners of Kitto land and say they are not entitled to the orders they seek, and say further that the claim should be dismissed. They also filed an amended defence on 9^th November 2023 which included a counter-claim claiming orders of eviction and damages against the claimants.
   
8. They relied on the evidence by sworn statements of Jack Lui Mpopongliu filed on 8^th September 2023, 9^th November 2023 and 21^st March 2024.
   
9. The claimants on the other hand relied on the evidence by sworn statements of Gideon Yona filed on 4^th August 2023, 13^th and 28^th March 2024 and 27^th February 2024.
   

Discussion

10. Mr Bal submitted that since there was no appeal against the decision of the village Court of 1984, that decision has become a final decision by virtue of Article 78 (3) of the Constitution, and further that Mr Alicta Vuti by letter of 17^th September 2007 had upheld the decisions of the Mabfilau Village Court and Tarpumamele Council of Chiefs.
    
11. Those submissions are inconsistent with the claimant’s pleadings in paragraph 5 of the Supreme Court claim and the evidence presented by the defendants.
    
12. Further from the evidence of Jack Lui dated 21^st March 2024 and in particular the documents annexed as “JLM4”, “ JLM5”, the Mabfilau village Court decision and the Council of Chiefs decision of 2007 showing irregularities in the procedures required. Furthermore the Village Court and Council of Chiefs are not appropriate customary institutions to make declarations of custom land ownership. The Court of Appeal so held in the case of Valele Family v Toura [2002] VUCA 3.
    
13. These irregularities have been taken to the appropriate Office of the Customary Lands Management through Mr Alicta Vuti who acknowledged them as an appeal by his letter of 8^th June 2015, see “JLM9”. Mr Vuti confirmed the appeal and said it would be referred to the Custom Land Management for resolution.
    
14. Further Jack Lui also annexed a New Fresh Claim Form as “JLM 10” dated 21^st June 2023 with a boundary map which is currently pending before the Customary Land Management Act for resolution.
    
15. Despite the claimants claiming they have been declared custom land owners of Kitto Land since 1984, they have no evidence showing that they have been issued a “ Green Certificate” in respect of Kitto Land.
    
16. For them to succeed in their claims for eviction orders and damages, the claimants must show to this Court that they are the declared custom owners with further proof of a Certificate of Registered Interest. And they have failed to so prove.
    
17. Similarly the defendants also must discharge that onus of proof as regards their counter-claim for eviction and damages against the claimants. They too have no declaration of custom ownership to Kitto had as yet and they cannot be claiming for eviction and damages against the claimants. Their claims are premature, without foundations, frivolous and vexatious
    

Results

18. The claimants fail in their claims and they are dismissed.
    
19. The defendants fail in their counter-claims which are also dismissed.
    
20. The parties are to return and start their claims a fresh in the nakamal under the Custom Land Management Act to resolve ownership of Kitto Land.
    
21. There will be no order as to costs. Each party will bear their own costs.
    

DATED at Port Vila this 13^th day of June 2024
BY THE COURT

Hon. OLIVER A SAKSAK
Judge