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Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea |
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
[IN THE SUPREME COURT OF JUSTICE]
SCM No. 19 OF 2014
BETWEEN:
HUI TECK LAU – in his capacity as director of Wewak Agriculture Development Ltd & directors of Sepik Oil Palm Plantations Ltd
First Appellants
AND:
WEWAK AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT LIMITED
Second Appellant
AND:
SEPIK OIL PALM PLANTATION LIMITED
Third Appellant
AND:
DANIEL MATU, MATHEW KOIMO, BOB SUMBOI, GEORGE WRONGDIMI, WILLIE JONDUO AND ANDREW KABAI
Fourth Appellants
AND:
LEO MANIWA for himself and on behalf of Kowiru Villagers
First Respondents
AND:
PHILIP DAGUN, ELIAS MAIMBE, MICHAEL CAYBAH, MICHAEL MAMBER, FRANCIS JIM, PETER YUWORA, ERNEST WAMB, JACOB WINDUO AND FLORIAN SABNA
Second Respondents
AND:
HONOURABLE PUKA TEMU in his capacity as Minister of Lands & Physical Planning
Third Respondent
AND:
PEPI KIMAS in his capacity as Secretary of Lands & Physical Planning
Fourth Respondent
AND:
INDEPENDENT STATE OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Fifth Respondent
Waigani:Lenalia J,Higgins & Kangwia,JJ
2016: 28th June& 31st August
CUSTOMARY LAND – Land Act 1996 ss.10(2)(3) and (4), 102(2),(3), Constitution s.53, 255; - Special Agricultural and Business Lease – Consent of customary landowners must be free and informed – all landowners or their authorized representatives to consent – Evidence of lack of proper consent – failure to comply with Land Act – SABL void and of no effect – appeal dismissed.
CASE CITED:
Maniwa v Malijiwi& others [2014] PGNC25
COUNSEL:
MessrsG. Egan & P. Kuman, for the 1st, 2nd& 3rdAppellants
MrM. Muga, for the 4th Appellant
Mr H. Wally, for the 1st, 2nd& 3rd Respondents
Mr R. Saulep, for the 4th& 5th Respondents
DECISION
31st August, 2016
“We declare our fourth goal to be for Papua New Guinea’s natural resources and environment to be conserved and used for the collective benefit of us all, and be replenished for the benefit of future generations”.
“(a) The property is required for-
(i) a public purpose; or
(ii) a reason that is reasonably justified in a democratic society that has a proper regard for the rights and dignity of mankind,
that is so declared and so described, for the purposes of this section, in and Organic Law or an Act of Parliament; and
(b) the necessity for the taking of possession or acquisition for the attainment of that purpose or that reason is such as to afford reasonable justification for the causing of any resultant hardship to any person affected.”
“Ownerless or abandoned property” (s.53(5)(c)).”
That does not apply to customary land.
“(1) Subject to Section 11, customary land shall be acquired in accordance with this Section and shall be authorized by such instruments and in such manner as approved by the Minister.
(2) The Minister, on behalf of the State, may acquire customary land on such terms and conditions as are agreed between him and the customary landowners.
(3) Subject to subsection (4), the Minister shall not acquire customary land unless he is satisfied, after reasonable enquiry that the land is not required or likely to be required by the customary landowners by person upon whom the land will or may devolve by custom.
(4) Where the Minister is satisfied, after reasonable enquiry, that any customary land is not required or likely to be required for a certain period of time but is of the opinion that the land may be required after that period, he may lease that land from the customary landowners for the whole or a part of that period.”
“(1) The Minister may lease customary land for the purpose of granting a special agriculture and business lease.
(2) Where the Minister leases customary under Subsection (1), an instrument of lease in the approved form,executed by or on behalf of the customary landowners, is conclusive evidence that the State has a good title to the lease and that all customary rights in the land except those which are specifically reserved in the lease, are suspended for the period in the lease, are suspended for the period of the lease to the State.
(3) No rent or other compensation is payable by the State for a lease of customary land under subsection (1).”
“(1) The Minister may grant a lease for special agricultural and business purposes of land acquired under Section 11.
(2) A special agricultural and business lease shall be granted-
- (a) To a person or person: or
- (b) To a land group, business group or other incorporated body, to whom the customary landowners have agreed that such a lease should be granted.”
“CONSENT/UNDERTAKING
by
LIMAWO HOLDINGS LIMITED
This Letter of Consent/Undertaking is made and/or given by us, the undersigned as agents and representatives of the customary landowners by way of our appointment as executives of the Limawo Holdings Limited (a landowner company). This consent and/or undertaking is in relation to the land that is the subject of a Special Agriculture and Business Lease (Lease/Lease Back) in the East Sepik Province for an area of about 116,840 hectares as depicted on Survey Plan Catalogue No: 3/624.
We do hereby commit ourselves, for and on behalf of the customary landowners, to this consent/undertaking by declaring, for all intents and purposes, that the Department of Lands & Physical Planning, through its Departmental Head and its senior officers, have unambiguously explained the consequences of our wish, as agents and representatives of the customary landowners, to issue the Special Agriculture and Business Lease to a company known as the ‘SEPIK OIL PALM PLANTATION LIMITED’ rather than the preferable option of issuing the Special Agriculture and Business Lease to the Incorporated Land Groups (ILG’s).
As such we knowingly and consciously declare further that we, the landowners of the various Incorporated Land Groups being the members or shareholders of the landowners’ company called ‘LIMAWO HOLDINGS LIMITED’ and our descendants hereinafter WILL & SHALL NOT take issue with the Independent State of Papua New Guinea or any of its agents such as the Department of Lands & Physical Planning on any matter pertaining to the Special Agriculture and Business Lease that we have requested knowingly to be issued to SEPIK OIL PALM PLANTATION LIMITED.
We also declare further in no uncertain terms that this consent and/or undertaking can and shall be used in the Court of law as a true testament of the customary landowners of the subject area in our capacity as their agents and/or representatives and WE WILL be responsible to them for any grievances that arise, be it the Court of law or otherwise, as a result of the Special Agriculture and Business Lease being issued to the SEPIK OIL PALM PLANTATION LIMITED, a joint venture company in which we, the customary landowners, own a 20% share and our joint venture partners, a Wewak Agriculture Development Limited, owns the remaining 80% share.
We, were reminded by the Departmental Head of the Department of Lands & Physical Planning that the issuance of the Special Agriculture and Business Lease to a company was very risky in that since the company is the State lease proprietor (owner) and its’ got a legal personality (like a real person) the land becomes an automatic asset and in the event of bankruptcy the subject land can be liquidated just like any of the company’s assets and we, the customary landowners, might lose our land for the duration of the lease.
We, were again sternly reminded in no uncertain terms that the Special Agriculture and Business lease was to be issued to a company that we had only 20% control over and despite being advised by the Department of Lands & Physical Planning against that option we, the undersigned, chose to maintain that arrangement. Hence, if anything whatsoever happens henceforth we WILL & SHALL NOT take issue with the State or any of its agents such as the Department of Lands & Physical Planning.
We, the undersigned, declare that we, the customary landowners, and many others did join and were part of the East Sepik Provincial Administration awareness team that conducted the awareness on the Oil Palm Project in the project area and we all did accept and understand the awareness.
Limawo Holdings Limited, being the landowner’s company holds a 20% equity share in the Sepik Oil Palm Plantation Limited which is the developer company whilst 80% is held by our joint venture partner, Wewak Agriculture Development Limited, a company duly incorporated and registered in Papua New Guinea pursuant to the Companies Act with its parent company known as Sin Yew Industries SDN BHD based in Malaysia. The parent company reputably involved in the Oil Palm Business, logging, housing development in Malaysia, Hong Kong and China and other parts of Asia.
Upon the issuance of the Special Agriculture and Business Lease Title to our nominated proprietor, SEPIK OIL PALM PLANTATION LIMITED, we will ensure our developer partner funds the project as per our Joint Venture Agreement pertaining to the clauses on the funding component. Our developer partner, Wewak Agriculture Development Limited, has expanded money already in mobilizing landowners, conducting awareness, financing surveys and the Land Investigations, documenting the formation of Land groups, etc. They have also assured us that they will finance the project once the Special Agriculture & Business Lease title is secured in the name of the joint venture company, SEPIK OIL PALM PLANTATION LIMITED.
We do not anticipate mortgaging or selling this Special Agriculture and Business Lease Title as we do not understand that the land is still our customary land and as and when the 99 years lease period expires the land reverts back to us as our customary land, however, in the unlikely event of such occurrences we will be entirely responsible and the State or any of its agents are INDEMNIFIED. We also fully understand that our action in consenting and making the undertaking binds us, all the customary landowners within the project area and our future descendants.
We, the undersigned, as landowners ourselves and being well recognized as the landowners’ Agents/Representatives of the project area and furthermore, as the executives of Limawo Holdings Limited do hereby give consent to the issuance of the Special Agriculture and Business Lease Title over the subject land legally described as Portion 144C part Milinch of Tring, Fourmil of Wewak and part Milinch of Wombun, Fourmil of Ambunti, East Sepik Province hereby declare that we fully and truly understand the cause and consequences of our actions and agree that the said lease be issued to the company known as SEPIK OIL PALM PLANTATION LIMITED for the term 99 years as agreed.
This Consent/Undertaking is made this day 02nd day of September, 2008, at the Aopi Centre – Waigani, 4th Floor, Department of Lands and Physical Planning Headquarters.
We, the hereunder, herein sign and affix our company’s (Limawo Holdings Limited) common seal as a means of sealing our declaration and pray to justify and/or confirm our actions if and when taken to task.
Mr. ARON MALIJIWI Mr. MARTIN G. SHUKIWIE
Chairman Vice Chairman
Limawo Holdings Limited Limawo Holdings Limited
3. (Signed) _ 4. (Signed)
Mr.MALCOLM NAMBON Mr. PAUL BINA
Director Chairman
Limawo Holdings Limited Chairman of Mamutika ILG
(ILG No: 14231)
Witnessed for and on behalf of the Department of Lands and Physical Planning by:-
Mr. PEPI S. KIMAS, OL Mr. JACOB WAFINDUO
Secretary Manager – Customary Land
Dept. Lands & Physical Planning Dept. Lands & Physical Planning
(Signed)
Mr. IAN
Manager – Legal Services
Dept Lands & Physical Planning”
“....the SABL and the related activities or projects were goingto interfere with and affect their [the landowners] traditional life style, their customary rights to land, rivers, the sea and forests. The SABL was granted to the fifth defendant [the third Appellant] for 99 years, that is how long the landowners would be denied from the use and enjoyment of their land. So the generations of landowners would be affected. That is why the defendants needed to go to the villages in SABL areas and talk to the landowners, in their families, clans and tribes, in the languages they could understand. If they did [not] understand English, Pidgin or Motu, then use interpreters to interpret things in their own languages.”
“255 CONSULTATION
In principle, where a law provides for consultation between persons or bodies, or persons and bodies, the consultation must be meaningful and allow for a genuine interchange and consideration of views.”
______________________________________________________
Kuman Lawyers: Lawyers for the 1st, 2nd& 3rdAppellants
Twivey Lawyers: Lawyers for the 4th Appellant:
H Best Lawyers: Lawyers for the 1st, 2nd& 3rd Respondents:
Saulep Lawyers: Lawyers for the 4th& 5th Respondents
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