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State v Mangaia [2018] PGNC 142; N7242 (9 May 2018)
N7242
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
[IN THE NATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE]
CR No. 72, 73, 74, 75, 76 OF 2016
THE STATE
V
ALLAN MANGAIA & PETER SAUREN & ALLAN TAGALA
DESMOND BENSTEAD &WESLEY BARILAE
Kimbe: Miviri AJ
2018: 14th 22nd March 26 27th April
CRIMINAL LAW – PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE – Manslaughter S302 CCA – Plea – group attack –– allegation
of sorcery – deceased bleeding femoral artery– death –– PSR MAR ordered favourable – prevalent offence–
serious offence – parity of sentence – no parity – acting in concert– common purpose–no disassociation
from common purpose – equal participation – deterrent sentence.
Facts
Five Accused were at the grave side of a relative who had just died. Deceased threw stone landing on the roof of the grave shelter.
Accused pursued and caught the deceased and assaulted him during the course where he sustained a cut to his femoral artery resulting
in the deceased bleeding to death.
Held
Strong belief in sorcery
Deceased suspected
Assaulted
Femoral artery cut
Use of weapons
Venerable part of the body
Plea
20 years IHL
Cases Cited:
Allan Peter Utieng v. The State; Unreported judgment delivered in Wewak on 23/11/00) SCR 15 of 2000
Marangi v The State [2002] PGSC 15; SC702
Rex Lialu v The State [1990] PNGLR 487.
R v. Kopal Wamne (1974) N809.
R v Oa [1967-68] PNGLR 26.
Sanawi v The State [2010] PGSC 31; SC 1076
Thress Kumbamong v The State (2008) SC 1017
State v Aitsi No 2 [2008] PGNC 21; N3296
State v Hurotove [2017] PGNC 114; N6754
State v Kimkilala [2017] PGNC 243; N 6908
State v Martin [2008] PGNC 3312
State v Walus [2005] PGNC 147; N2802
Tapi v The State [2000] PGSC 2; SC635
The State v Angitai [1983] PNGLR 185
The State v Avia Aihi (No 3) [1982] PNGLR 92
The State v Baipu [2005] PGSC 19; SC796
The State v Kovei [2001] PGSC 5; SC676
The State v Kovi [2005] PGSC 34; SC789
The State v Saraga [2017] PGSC 17; SC1592
The State v Tapea Kwapena [1978] PNGLR 316.
Counsel:
A Bray, for the State
R Bellie, for the Defendant
SENTENCE
9th May, 2018
- MIVIRI AJ: This is the sentence of the four prisoners who pleaded guilty to unlawfully killing another over allegation of sorcery. I adjourned
to allow filing of presentence and means assessment reports which have now being done in all.
Charge
- Allan Mangaia, Peter Sauren, Allan Tagala, Desmond Benstead, and Wesley Barilae were charged with unlawful killing of one Gume Ismael
Labiti on the 31st of August 2015 at Karapi Hoskins pursuant to section 302 of the code. They were at a “haus Krai” of one Philip Mangaia
who had died. Whilst there two stones were thrown at the roof of the shelter of the grave of Philip Mangaia and they pursued the
person Gume Ismael Labiti who had allegedly thrown the stone. He sought refuge in his own house but was pursued there. He jumped
out of the window there they pursued catching him whereupon they repeatedly assaulted him with their hands and weapons. In the course
of which he sustained a cut to his femoral artery from which he bled to his death.
- Except for Wesley Barilae all four accused pleaded guilty to the charge. I confirmed their guilty pleas after reading the file tendered
and convicted all as charged. My reading of their file did not disclose the scene in Tapea Kwapena v The State [1978] PNGLR 316. Nor did it disclose the situation in R v. Kopal Wamne (1974) N809: R v Oa [1967-68] PNGLR 26; Angitai v The State [1983] PNGLR 185. It was safe in law to confirm and accordingly confirmed.
- No evidence was offered in respect of Wesley Barilae drawing verdict of not guilty of manslaughter he was acquitted discharged and
bail moneys were ordered to be refunded.
Issue
- What then is the appropriate sentence given for the prisoners here?
- It was not the worst case of murder: Kovei v The State [2001] PGSC 5; SC676 adopting and following Avia Aihi v The State (No 3) [1982] PNGLR 92. A determinate term of years is in order from the maximum prescribed of life years under s302 of the Code.
Facts
- The facts are that the deceased was accused of being a sorcerer responsible for the death of Philip Mangaia their relative at whose
grave side they were at by custom when stones landed on the grave shelter they pursued the deceased up to his house. They did not
desist but pursued even when he tried to escape through a window and seek refuge elsewhere. He succumbed to the level of violence
exerted. The Medical evidence established he suffered a cut to the femoral artery from which he bled to his death.
- The artery is a major blood vessel in the body and inflicting a cut to it is grievous life is threatened here and was unnecessary
taken primarily over an allegation not a conviction of sorcery. The prisoners had no right to take his life. In each case of homicide
whether it is wilful murder, murder or manslaughter as is the case here, the sentence of death in the former and in the latter and
the present life years is prescribed as maximum. A clear dictate that life is sacred emphasized by section 35 of the Constitution. Which preambles Papua New Guinea as a Christian country pledging the Christian principles that Life is by GOD and no man has a right
to take another’s life as was the case here accepting we live only once.
- The belief in sorcery is prevalent and rampant throughout the country despite 42 years of the existence of the Constitution in the
preamble set out above. And heinous crimes of homicide and other atrocities’ exerted in group attacks as here is spread throughout
the country of recent, Saraga v The State [2017] PGSC 17;SC1592; State v Martin [2008] PGNC 3312; Baipu v The State [2005] PGSC 19 ;SC796. Even education and expose to modern life has not extinguished. The prisoners are no different particulars I have set out here. In
my view that is grave defiance of the Constitution particulars set out above and the right to life. It is incumbent upon the courts
to deter as well as punish and denounce this offence in the strongest terms. It cannot be mitigated that the killing was over allegation
of sorcery which is not the same as defences in law set out by the Criminal Code excusing application of the law.
- Karapi village in Hoskins where the offence took place is less than 45 minutes or less drive out of Kimbe. It is exposed to the modern
world but this belief is deeply rooted giving rise to this evil here where a life is taken because of it. In the antecedent report
the prisoners are;
- (i) Allan Mangaia is 32 years old educated to grade 10 Port Moresby Grammar Secondary School 2002. He furthered that with certificate
training in Welding at Moramora Technical College 2013 graduating 2014. He was employed with KKKingstone Company in Lae. He is a
catholic of that Church at Karapi. He set out in life well.
- (ii) Peter Sauren is 38 years old single man educated to grade 8 in 1990 going onto Moramora Technical School 2013 where he did trade
skills in panel beating and did practical at Malama Fibre glass workshop for 6 months. He has no formal employment record and is
a first offender of the Catholic Church Karapi. He also set out in life well.
- (iii) Allan Tangala is 33 years old is the third child out of nine. He is married with four children of his own. And educated to grade
10 in 1998 at Moramora Technical High School. He has no formal employment history is subsistence farmer. He too is of the Catholic
Church Karapi. And has set out in life well.
- (iv) Desmond Benstead is 31 years old married with three children. His father is from Oro Province and mother from Karapi living at
Mosa where father is employed as a workshop supervisor. He is the eldest out of three siblings and is educated to grade 10 at Bialla
Secondary School in 2011. He did certificate training in Welding at Moramora Technical College 2013 graduating 2014. Presently he
is unemployed and does not have any record of the same. He is of the united Church Karapi. He is a first offender. Again he too has
set out in life well.
Presentence and means Assessment Reports
- I have thoroughly considered both the Presentence and the means assessment reports at length in respect of each individual prisoner
and make the following observations following. The immediate relatives of the deceased have demanded payment of K 10, 000 as compensation
for the death of the deceased. That has not been done. There is payment of K2000 by the prisoners and immediate relatives which has
not been received by the immediate relatives of the deceased. The effect is that the matter is not resolved at that level there is
tension in the community from the offence. It would not be parallel with the gravity of the offence to put back the prisoners into
the community.
- The offence is a culmination of three failed mediation, firstly at Buluma Police Station on the 15th August 2014 where the complainants and the offenders attended in relation to the death of Jessica Benstead but not the deceased and
others related. The Second mediation was on the 3rd March 2015 at Hoskins LLG office in relation to the death of Andrew Benstead offender Benstead’s younger brother, again the
deceased and his relatives did not attend. The complainants including the offenders attended. The third mediation on the 1st July 2015 was at Karapi attended by the offender and the deceased and others related did not so it was called off. It was in relation
to the death of Helen Mangaia. This is credit to the prisoners for complying with law in trying to solve this problem. Rather than
pursue in that manner and find solution compatible with all they elected to go as they did. It aggravates as it shows they knew how
to solve the matter at their level but did not persist to find that solution. A wrong can never be right with another wrong rather
with a right. The sentence passed will reflect this in bold never to be law unto oneself in settling problems.
Presentence Means Assessment Reports
- All prisoners are assessed and recommended to be good candidates for probation with strict conditions by the presentence report. I
have taken due regard and consideration of including the means assessment reports that each prisoner is capable of paying compensation.
And time is asked for by the prisoners to so settle. It cannot be said that this genuine given that on14th March 2018 they were remanded. Prior to that date they were on bail and made no real attempt to so discharge. Although K2000 was
presumably paid it has not been received by the deceased relatives. Who have demanded K 10, 000 in settlement of the matter. Understandably
so in view of the death of a loved one. In my view this works against the consideration of a non-custodial or part suspended sentence
because no real prospect has been shown to weave into by the court here.
Application Tariff and Range
- Given the facts and circumstances set out here category 3 of manslaughter in line with Kovi v The State (supra) runs ranging between 17 to 25 years in jail which both counsel have affirmed addressing. It is good practice to consider
range and tariff of like offences and sentences drawing, but does not take away the discretion of the court to consider the facts
and circumstances of a given case Thress Kumbamong v The State (2008) SC1017 and to deduce an appropriate sentence befalling. Because the sentence is according to penalty prescribed not without. Here also Allan Peter Utieng v. The State Unreported judgment delivered in Wewak on 23/11/00) SCR 15 of 2000, stands for the proposition that the personal circumstance of a prisoner will not override what is due in law to him because protection
of the law is equal both to the prisoner and the deceased in this case. Particularly considering that life is lived only once and
is therefore sacred. It is a fundamental right under our Constitution section 35 and only by process of law can life be taken. Kovi v State (supra) settles and this court has always reinforced that, State v Hurotove [2017] PGNC 114; N6754 is an instant.
- Here is a very serious group attack persistently pursued until deceased was no more at the discretion of the prisoners resulting in
the cut to the femoral artery. It was vicious and planned because they knew and laid in waiting at the cemetery and then pursued
the deceased until they were able to successfully take his life. Even though it was in a village setting at night time they were
not deterred in their endeavour to assault regardless of whatever befell the deceased. In that regard it was a deliberate intention
to harm in this case unlawfully kill. In so doing they paid little or no regard for human life bearing in mind their personal backgrounds
set out above. And all acted in concert and together in a common intention to pursue and breach the law. They are treated equal in
the sentence befalling. There is no parity in sentence given the facts and circumstances set out here. The Supreme Court in Sanawi v The State [2010] PGSC 31; SC 1076 sets out the principle of parity as follows:
“A consideration of all these authorities shows that a court can impose a sentence that is in disparity with a sentence received
by an offender’s co accused. That can only happen if there are good reasons such as prior conviction, conviction after trial,
and playing a more active and leading role in the commission of an offence. Such factors need not exist in the one case at the same
time. There could be just one such factor or there could be a combination of them”.
Allocutus
- They were concerned about their own families and circumstances after consequence of the breach. Each apologised and pleaded for mercy
to be accorded and asked to pay some form of compensation.
Circumstances of case
- Manslaughter is a very prevalent offence despite the stern punitive and denouncing sentences that have time and again been imposed
by this court. Fundamental is where the level of violence is high and weapons are used indiscriminately and there is no regard for
the sanctity of life or as here persistent attack upon the victim deceased prompted by sorcery and revenge: Tapi v The State [2000] PGSC 2; SC635 the supreme court maintained that it was the top end of manslaughter cases for 16 years to have been imposed on a husband who had
cut up the wife causing massive bleeding from which she died. Where a weapon is used the sentence goes up; a piece of iron rod was
used to hit the deceased over the head and he died as a result which attracted 17 years imprisonment upon the prisoner State v Aitsi No 2 [2008] PGNC 21; N3296. This is also reflected in the range that Kovi’s case (supra) makes out which echoes Rex Lialu v The State [1990] PNGLR 487.
- A further fact that increases the sentence is the viciousness of the assault with very serious injuries leading to death as this court
held in State v Walus [2005] PGNC 147; N2802 18 years IHL was imposed upon the prisoner who pleaded guilty to assaulting the deceased who sustained a broken neck as well as a
ruptured spleen from which she died. The assault was vicious drawing very serious injuries from which the deceased succumbed. The
same is so here the assault was fuelled by a very strong belief even after 42 years of independence upon sorcery. And is group attack
upon an individual who was not given any chance to say in respect of the allegation upon him.
- In The State v Kimkilala [2017] PGNC 243; N 6908 15 years IHL was imposed where the prisoner had stabbed deceased in the back piercing the lung from which he died. He pleaded guilty.
"Manslaughter is a very serious matter or offence and it carries a maximum penalty of life imprisonment. And the life imprisonment
is because a life is gone and that person is never going to come back. "No matter whose fault it is, the person is dead and it is
tragic. I cannot ignore the fact that you were carrying a knife with you at the time and unfortunately this court sees time and time
again women who are walking around everywhere, not just in the Highlands, in many places of the country who are carrying knives and
so much harm comes out of it. You stabbed her twice and what makes this case even sadder than everything is that the deceased was
seven months pregnant. And the State has asked me to take that into consideration as an aggravating circumstance. As I understand
the foetus died and the whole incident is tragic. It is sad and it should never have happened. You have done something that you will
have to live with for the rest of your life.... I cannot ignore the fact that not only did the lady die but the seven months foetus
has died as well. Women must realize that they cannot express their anger with the use of a knife; it is just not acceptable under
any circumstances. If they do so, they can expect to go to jail." Marangi v The State [2002] PGSC 15; SC702 (8 November 2002)
- The facts and circumstances in Maringi (supra) are different but the principle within is applicable here and I apply in so determining. Use of a weapon to cause harm in a group
and to kill as here is not a light matter. I consider in all the circumstances weighing the aggravating as well as the mitigating
factors of the case that a just and proportionate sentence in your case would be 20 years IHL and I impose that upon you regarding
that you all pleaded guilty. This sentence would have been higher had you not pleaded guilty.
- I consider group attacks persistent deliberate and calculated very serious which must be stopped by strong punitive sentences. There
are no extenuating circumstances set out by the evidence. The formal orders of the court are that you are all sentenced to 20 years
IHL and the time in custody will be deducted forthwith.
- Twenty (20) years IHL upon all four prisoners Allan Mangaia, Peter Sauren, Allan Tagala, Desmond Benstead.
- Time on remand is deducted forthwith.
- The balance will be served in Jail.
Sentenced accordingly.
__________________________________________________________________
Public Prosecutor: Lawyer for the State
Public Solicitor: Lawyer for the Defendant
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