Home
| Databases
| WorldLII
| Search
| Feedback
National Court of Papua New Guinea |
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
[IN THE NATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE]
WS (HR) NO. 372 OF 2008
KANGUAL KWIALU
Plaintiff
V
SENIOR SERGEANT DUMOP DAGE
First Defendant
CONSTABLE BILL MOIHE
Second Defendant
CONSTABLE BOBBY RAZEYE
Third Defendant
CONSTABLE SHARTO ADILAWA
Fourth Defendant
THE INDEPENDENT STATE OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Fifth Defendant
Madang: Cannings J
2015:10th March, 11 August,
2016: 4 May
DAMAGES – assessment of damages for breaches of human rights – liability established at trial – search of retail premises and seizure of stock in trade – breach of right to freedom from arbitrary search and entry (Constitution, Section 44) – breach of right of protection against unjust deprivation of property (Constitution, Section 53).
The plaintiff succeeded at a trial in establishing liability against the State, which was held vicariously liable for the unlawful actions of members of a Police squad who raided the plaintiff’s premises, a licensed liquor outlet, and confiscated his property, 29 cartons of beer. The State was held responsible for breaches of two of the plaintiff’s human rights: the right to freedom from arbitrary search and entry (Constitution, Section 44) and the right of protection against unjust deprivation of property (Constitution, Section 53).The case returned to Court for an assessment of damages. The plaintiff claimed damages in four categories: (1) loss of income, K116,928.00; (2) loss of property, K3,800.16; (3) breach of the right to freedom from arbitrary search and entry, K5,000.00; and (4) breach of the right of protection against unjust deprivation of property, K5,000.00, a total claim of K130,728.16.
Held:
(1) The claim for loss of income was grossly exaggerated. K3, 108.80 was awarded.
(2) The claim for loss of property was exaggerated. K1, 658.80 was awarded.
(3) The claim for breach of the right to freedom from arbitrary search and entry was sound in principle. K3, 000.00 was awarded.
(4) The claim for breach of the right protection against unjust deprivation of property was sound in principle. K2, 000.00 was awarded.
(5) The total amount of damages awarded was K9, 767.60. Interest was awarded on that amount, in the sum of K6, 251.26. The total judgment sum was K16, 018.86.
Cases cited:
The following cases are cited in the judgment:
Application for Enforcement of Human Rights by Batley Isaiah (2013) N5421
Application for Enforcement of Human Rights by Jacob Okimbari (2013) N5420
Aquila Kunzie v NCD Police Mobile Squad (2014) N5701
Gerard Pain v The State (2014) N5604
Kangual Kwialu v Snr Sgt Dumop Dage & 4 Others (2013) N5388
Lance Kolokol v The State (2009) N3571
Leeway East Enterprise Ltd v Daniel Danaben (2013) N4951
Steven Kuefa v George Sunku (2012) N4855
TRIAL
This was a trial on assessment of damages for breaches of human rights.
Counsel:
T M Ilaisa, for the Plaintiff
S Maliaki, for the Defendants
4th May, 2016
THE INCIDENT
LIABILITY
PLAINTIFF’S CLAIMS
The plaintiff has given evidence that he was expecting to make a profit of K84.00 on each carton of beer he sold and that he was expecting to sell 29 cartons of beer each week (the number of cartons that were unlawfully confiscated by the Police). He multiplies those figures to arrive at his total profit per week for selling 29 cartons of beer: K84.00 x 29 = K2, 436.00. He then multiplies that weekly profit by 48, which is the number of weeks that passed from the date of the incident (23 June 2005) to the date of the decision of the National Court that upheld his appeal against the order of the District Court (26 May 2006): K2, 436.00 x 48 = K116, 928.00.
There are many problems with these figures, which have resulted in a grossly exaggerated claim. The K84.00 profit claim on each carton is not supported by the evidence. I find that the expected profit per carton was only K26.80. I find no basis for calculating that lost profit over a period of 48 weeks. The plaintiff was unlawfully deprived of income earning assets but he is expected to take reasonable steps to replace those assets (the confiscated beer) within a reasonable period, which I fix at four weeks. I award the following amount:
K26.80 (profit per carton) x 29 cartons = K777.20 lost profit per week x 4 weeks = K3, 108.80.
This is another exaggerated claim. However, there is evidence that at the date of the incident the plaintiff was paying K57.20 for each carton of beer. I accept that figure and multiply it by the number of cartons unlawfully confiscated by the Police to arrive at the amount to be awarded for loss of property. Thus: K57.20 x 29 = K1, 658.80.
I have assessed damages for breaches of human rights by comparing the facts of this case with other recent cases involving assessment of damages in respect of human rights breaches committed by members of the Police Force: Lance Kolokol v The State (2009) N3571, Steven Kuefa v George Sunku (2012) N4855, Application for Enforcement of Human Rights by Jacob Okimbari (2013) N5420, Application for Enforcement of Human Rights by Batley Isaiah (2013) N5421, Gerard Pain v The State (2014) N5604 and Aquila Kunzie v NCD Police Mobile Squad (2014) N5701. This is a largely symbolic assessment as no damage was done by the Police to the plaintiff’s premises and the Police did not injure the plaintiff. However, they did breach a human right and the plaintiff deserves compensation for it. I award K3, 000.00.
This claim is also sound in principle. However it involves some overlap with the amounts awarded for lost profit and the value of the confiscated property. Again, a symbolic assessment is required. I award K2, 000.00.
SUMMARY OF DAMAGES AWARDED
Loss of income = K3, 108.80
Loss of property = K1, 658.80
Breach of right to freedom from arbitrary search and entry = K3, 000.00
Breach of right of protection against unjust deprivation of property = K2, 000.00
Total = K9, 767.60.
INTEREST
Interest will be awarded at the rate of 8 per cent per annum on the amount of damages under Section 1(1) of the Judicial Proceedings (Interest on Debts and Damages) Act Chapter No 52. Interest is calculated from the date of service of the writ to the date of this judgment, a period of 8 years, by applying the formula D x I x N = A, where: D is the amount of damages; I is the interest rate per annum; N is the period in numbers of years; A is the amount of interest. Thus: K9, 767.60 x 0.08 x 8.00 = K6, 251.26.
COSTS
The general rule is that costs follow the event, i.e. the successful party has its costs paid for by the losing party on a party-to-party basis. In this case there is no clear winner. The plaintiff has on the one hand succeeded in obtaining an award of damages. On the other hand he succeeded in convincing the court that only 7.47% of his claim (K9, 767.60 out of K130, 728.16) had merit. The defendant succeeded in showing that the bulk of the claim was misconceived. In these circumstances the approach taken in Leeway East Enterprise Ltd v Daniel Danaben (2013) N4951 is the most appropriate: the parties will bear their own costs.
ORDER
(1) The fifth defendant is liable to pay to the plaintiff total damages of K9, 767.60 plus interest of K6, 251.26, being a total judgment sum of K16, 018.86.
(2) The parties will bear their own costs.
Judgment accordingly.
________________________________________________________
Thomas More Ilaisa Lawyers: Lawyers for the Plaintiff
Solicitor-General: Lawyer for the Defendants
PacLII:
Copyright Policy
|
Disclaimers
|
Privacy Policy
|
Feedback
URL: http://www.paclii.org/pg/cases/PGNC/2016/135.html