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Papua New Guinea District Court |
DC4002
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF JUSTICE
SITTING IN ITS CRIMINAL JURISDICTION
Cr.108Of 2018
THE POLICE
Informant
And
JOHN KAWAGE
Defendant
Goroka, P Kaumba, Magistrate
2018: February 8, 22
CRIMINAL:
Cases Cited:
Nil
References:
Nil
Counsel:
Lawyer for the Informant, Police Prosecutor,Ms .Kundi
Lawyer for the Defendant, In person
22nd February, 2018
SENTENCE
P KAUMBA, Magistrate:Onthe 6th of February 2018 the Defendant was taken into custody by police and was charged for being in possession of dangerous drug Cannabis Sativaunder section 3(1)(d) of the Dangerous Drug Act(DDA). The accused pleaded guilty to the charge andwas remanded in Correctional Services custody and the case was adjourned to 22nd of February 2018 for sentencing and I directed community based corrections office to do a pre-sentence report for the court’s consideration in sentencing. I received the Defendants medical report on the morning of 22nd of February 2018 so I deferred my decision to the 23rd of February 2018.
STATEMENT OF FACTS
Police approached a makeshift house where the Defendant now before the court dried
smokebrus and among them also dried leaves of marijuana. He was questioned and
replied that he donot know who placed it, He was looking sick person,he was taken to
Goroka police station where he was formally cautioned,arrested, charged and informed
of his rights and placed in cell’’.
ANTECEDENT REPORT
COURT PROCESS &ARRAIGNMENT
ALLOCUTUS STATEMENT
ISSUE(S)
SUBMISSION BY POLICE
OTHER MATTERS OF FACT
SENTENCING PROCESS
DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT(DDA).
(1) A person who knowingly-
- (a) cultivates a plant from which a dangerous drug can be made; or
- (b) makes a dangerous drug;or
- (c) exports a dangerous drug;or
(d) is in possession of or conveys a dangerous drug or a plant fromwhich a dangerous drug can be made, is guilty of an offence unless he is authorized to do so by or under some other Act.
Penalty: Imprisonment not less than 3 months and not exceeding two years.
(2) An offence against sub-section(1) is punishable on summary conviction.
A defendant charged under section 3(1)(d) of DDA and found guilty can be
sentenced to imprisonment for two years maximum.
I will use one(1) year as the starting point.
c. SENTENCING TREND AND GUIDES.
(i) Trend.
I have been reading many judgements to date in relation to entence’s
for offences in contravention of section 3(1) of DDA in our jurisdiction
andI note that in majority of casessentence of imprisonment has beenimposed by our courtsand many non- custodial sentenceshave also been imposed by our courts. In Police -vs- Steven Kawage(1998)PGDC 10- maximum sentence of 2 years imprisonment was imposed.
In Kaski –vs-Auhova(2007)PGDC 134, I year IHL imposed,Police–vs- LuiKeisi(2009)PGDC 38-Juvenile placed on 12 months GBB with conditions, Police –v- Aulem(2011) PGDC38- 3 months IHL but whole sentence suspended and Defendant placed on 12 months GBB with conditions, Police –vs- Tobby(2011) PGDC 34 - 3 months IHL suspended and place on 12 months GBB withconditions, Police –vs-
Nanai(2011) PGDC 38- 3months IHL and Police-vs-Francis(2011)PGDC 34 –6months IHL
(ii) Guidelines.
The highest penalty should be reserved for offences with higher degree of seriousness or worst type of offences(State–vs- Michael K Mani(21/05/2002) N2246 but that does not mean that highest penalty cannot be imposed. Courts can impose the highest penalty if circumstances andgravity of the offence requires and if the court is of the view that theinterest of the public requires it to give higher penalty to thedefendant to punish him and to deter potential offenders inthesociety to takeheed ofits decision and conduct their affairsin compliance with laws of our country. Guilty plea and first timeoffender are factors that will act as mitigating factor to mitigate the penalty to bring it below the starting point(State-v-Mani supra).Prevalence of the offence, will be aggravating factor to bring the penalty up and above the starting point depending on factors in mitigation and aggravation(State –vs-Mani supra). Quantity of Drugs involved etc. will be a mitigating factor or aggravating depending on volume of drugs involved. Cultivation and sale of drugs are more serious than consumption of drugs and penalties in sentencing should reflect the same.Sentences meted out by our courts must be consistent and uniform that is not only to be fair to the offenders but also to ensure that the sentences are in line with the aspirations and hopes of all people in the community and protect the community for lawlessness, disorder and health problems because sentencing is a community responsibly entrusted to the court by the PNG Constitution {section158(1)}.
See statement of fact(supra).
(1) MITIGATING FACTORS.
- Guilty plea making work of the police and the courts easy.
- Expressed remorse for his actions(see PSR).
(2)AGGRAVATING FACTORS.
ofimprisonment are not deterring people from taking
and/or dealing with drugs.
The Defendant is lucky in that he was not charged with cultivation of Marijuana and selling marijuana which in my view is more serious than being in possession of a drug.
Nevertheless the offenders actof drying marijuana leaves in his makeshift house alongside the Highlands Highway implies that he was in the business of cultivating marijuana(PSR report confirmed that the Defendant cultivates marijuana) and selling them to members of the public and that is very dangerous to persons in our community especially his people, the youthsand travellers. Hence the aggravating factorsis have more weight and far outweigh the mitigating factor(s) in the defenders favour.
Furthermore it was the intention of our law makers that drug use and dealing in drugs is very dangerous to our community and they set a minimum 3 monthsprison term for offenders.Hence the defendant’s offence in the circumstances should carry a head sentence of 1 year 2 months imprisonment with hard labour.
However considering the defendants health, age and good report from CBC in its PSR,I will use my discretionary power under section 132 of the District Court Act to suspend the wholesentence on the following conditions:
ii. The defendant shall enter into recognizance to be of good behaviour
for 1 year and to appear in court for conviction and sentence when
called upon to do so.
Counsel:
Lawyer for the Informant, Police Prosecutor, Ms .Kundi
Lawyer for the Defendant, In person
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