Onis v Vae [2020] VUIC 5; Land Case 443 of 2017 (6 October 2020)

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Deit blong hearing: 26, 27, 28, 29, September 2017, 2 October 2017, 30 September 2020, 04 October 2020

Kastom graon we istap long dispute hemi Lulep. Graon ia istap long North East blong Paama.

Kastom loa blong graon ia Lulep italem se graon e folem patrilineal system. Wan tribe or famili e save onem kastom graon. Man we ikam fastaem long graon mo inogat man yet long graon ia bambae man ia hemi kastom ona blong graon ia. Sipos hem e muv igo long wan nara ples be raet blong onasip we hem igat wetem graon istap nomo.

Bifo Christianity ikam long Paama, boundary blong graon hemi hill, creek mo ston be afta missionary ikam nao olgeta wud man e usum blong makem boundary blong graon.

Original Klemen e talem se bifo inogat man yet e stap long Lulep. Fes man blong kam mo stap long Lulep Netan hemi Tritan. Hem e pikinini blong wan lisepsep o cave man. Hem e liv long wan cave ston long Hangengan. Tritan e aot long Hangengan mo e go liv long Vati Voul we hem e stamba blong Napangura tri. Hem e stap long ples ia mo e maretem wan woman nao hem igat boe nem blong hem Muris. Afta we Tritan e ded, Muris e muv igo stap long wan ples nem blong hem Seath hemia long Hieveak. Muris e muv igo stap long Seath blong hem e save usum solwota.

Long Seath, Muris e maretem wan woman. Hem igat wan boe nem blong hem Hiliman. Hiliman e maretem wan woman nao hem igat tu (2) boe. Nem blong tufala hemi Tivan mo Tomatvef. Long Hieveak, nasara blong Muris nem blong hem Vuliverr.

Muris igat tabu ples blong hem we oli kolem Vati Mayo. Long taem blong bifo ol man mo woman e tabu blong go long ples ia, from Vati Mayo hem ples blong toktok wetem olgeta spirit blong ded man.

Taem olgeta famili blong Tivan mo Tomatvef e kam bigwan tumas nao oli muv ikam daon long Hoevulim long solwota. Hemia e namba tri (3) settlement blong olgeta. Hoevulim e minim ples blong liv kolosap long stampa blong Natapoa. Oli stap gogo nao wan moning, Muris e luk tu (2) bigfala brown pig. Wan pig e fesem village blong Luli mo narawan e fesem village blong Lulep Nesa. Taem Muris e luk olgeta pig ia nao hem e talem lo ol famili blong hem blong oli muv igo stap long wan ples nem blong hem Navul andap long hill. Fulap man e no wantem folem toktok blong olfala Muris nao oli stap nomo long Hoevulim. Afta we Muris wetem ol famili blong hem oli muv igo long Navul nao e bin gat tu(2) bigfala tidalwave ikam nao e kilim everi man blong village long Hoevulim. Afta we tidal wave e pass, nao Muris e kam daon mo hem e luk man, woman mo pikinini oli ded long solwota mo igat sam ded man, pikinini mo woman e fas long ol ston.

Muris e wokbaot fastaem e folem solwota igo long village blong Luli. Muris e luk wan woman we nem blong hem Leimak e ded mo e fas long wan bigfala ston. Muris e putum nem blong bigfala ston ia Ahatsen Leimak we e minim ston blong Leimak. Muris e wokbaot bagegen e go smol e luk bodi blong wan ded man nem blong hem Avali we e fas long wan nara bigfala ston nao Muris e kolem ston ia Ahatsen Avali we e minim ston blong Avali. Long taem we Muris e stap wokbaot ia hem e givim nem long ol bigfala ston nomo e no smolsmol ston we olgeta ded man e fas long hem. Muris e wokbaot go smol e luk wan left leg e fas e stap long wan nara bigfala ston nao Muris e putum nem blong ston ia Ahora Luvolu we e minim left leg. Hem e wokbaot bagegen igo smol mo hem e luk wan raet leg e fas long wan nara bigfala ston nao Muris e givim nem blong ston ia Ahora we e minim raet leg. Muris e wokbaot bagegen e kam mo hem e luk wan ston wol nao e putum nem blong ston wol ia Vati Uru. Muris e wokbaot e go bak long Lulep Nesa mo e luk Lehilhili (wan woman) ided mo bodi blong hem e fas long wan bigfala ston mo igat fulap blad. Muris e putum nem blong ston ia Ahat Hilhili we e minim red ston.

Afta long tufala tidal waves ia we e kilim ol man long Hoevulim, Muris e muvum ol famili blong hem e go andap long stampa blong bigfala hil ya Navul mo mekem ples blong liv long hem long Navulim we e minim ples blong liv kolosap long Navul. Fes nakamal blong Lulep e stap long Navulim. Nem blong nakamal ia hem e Amal Hatulak e minim tabu nakamal we ples blong toktok wetem spirit blong ded man. Nakamal ia e tabu tumas e olsem ples blong Vuliverr. Mo tu ol man mo woman oli tabu blong go long nakamal ia. Afta nao ol man oli stat blong kam long Lulep. Ol man kam ia hem e ol man Masily, ol man blong Amalveah, ol man blong Utavo we oli liv long Lulep tedei.

Long taem blong Black Birders, Tivan mo Tomatvef igo long Queensland blong katem Sugarcane. Tomatvef hem e nomo kam bak long Queensland. Tivan e kambak long Lulep. Tivan taem hem e kam bak long Lulep Salvation Army oli givim hem wan bible mo wan masket. Tivan hem e fes man blong kam wetem gospel long Lulep mo hemi putum fes jioj long Natmouras. Tivan e stap wosip haedhaed nomo wetem ol nara man from bifo man e save kilim naraman sipos oli wosip. Tivan e stat blong tekem gospel e go long nara village long Paama olsem long Tevali, Tavulai mo Owailep. Olgeta pipol blong Lulep Netan mo Lulep Nesa oli prea long jioj blong Tivan kasem taem olgeta missionaries blong Nguna oli kam long Paama. Olgeta missionaries ia, oli muvum jioj aot long Natmouras mo go putum jioj long Ameau we e stap kasem tedei.

Tivan e maret nao hem igat tu (2) boe. Nem blong tufala hemi Timitomakey mo Tomatmail.

Timitomakey e no wan jif. Tomatmail hemi wan jif. Jif we igat pis mo lukaotem olgeta pipol blong tufala. Kaonta Klemen 1 e stap klem folem bladlaen blong Tomatmail. Tomatmail inogat pikinini. Mahit Tivava hem e pikinini blong man Masily we nem blong tufala hemi Holi mo Mahit Salie we e givim long woman blong Timitomakey. Tomatmail e no save gat pikinini.

Hem ino blong Lopevi. Hem e bladlaen blong Tritan man Lulep. Kaonta Klemen 1 ibin askem hem blong saenem wan leta blong project blong tourism long 6 June 2017. Hem ino save wonem nao leta ia e talem from Kaonta Klemen 1 nao e raetem mo talem long hem blong saenem.

Tribe blong Utavo igat tri (3) famili long hem. Famili Tomat Tahun, famili Johnny mo famili Robert Bambu. Tomat Tahun hem e blong Hunguvoey long Liro Nesa. Famili Johnny e blong Wali long Pentecost mo famili Robert Bambu e blong West Ambrym. Tribe blong Utavo ino ol man Paama be ol man kam nao oli maretem woman Paama naoia oli klem onasip blong graon Lulep Netan. Utavo e minim ples blong samting e sting.

Tribe blong Ameau hem e ol man Masily we oli kamaot long Lulep. Igat tu (2) man Masily we nem blong tufala hemi Holi mo Mahit Salie. Tufala e stap stilim Nelly we hemi woman blong Tomatmail. Long taem ia Tomatmail inogat pikinini. Tufala ia e givim bel long Nelly nao Nelly e bonem wan boe nem blong hem Mahit Tivava. Mahit Tivava ino bladlaen blong Tomatmail. Mahit Tivava e bladlaen blong ol man Masily we oli descendant blong man Ambae we e flot e kam long Paama. Avock Vongien blong Voravor nao e recivim olgeta.

Tribe blong Amalveah hemi ol man Ambrym from oli stap usum wan kastom shark we nem blong hem Oak Onen Vae we e minim kastom shark blong Vae. Hem e kastom blong man Ambrym. Oak Onen Vae e blong olfala Willie Manu. Las man we Oak Onen Vae e karem long Maewo ikam long Lulep Nesa hemi Avock Hulie. Hem e maretem woman Paama.

Tribe blong nakamal blong Imali mo Rahui hem e ol man Masily. Ol man kam long Maewo mo Pentecost.

Tritan e maret mo igat wan boe nem blong hem Muris. Muris e maret igat wan boe nem blong Hiliman. Hiliman e maret mo igat wan boe nem blong hem Tivan. Tivan e maretem Serey blong Tevali. Tivan igat tu (2) boe. Nem blong tufala hem e Timitomakey mo Tomatmail. Timitomakey e mekem settlement blong hem long Vatieashatini. Hem e maret mo hem e gat tu (2) boe. Nem blong tufala boe ia hemi Onis mo Edward. Tomatmail e stap long Lulep. Hem e maretem Nelly blong Liro Nesa. Tufala inogat pikinini. Nelly igat Mahit Tivava pikinini blong Holi mo Mahit Salie. Olgeta descendant blong Mahit Tivava oli liv long Lulep yet.

Edward ino maret. Onis e maretem Nelly blong tribe blong Utavo. Hem e bonem tu (2) boe. Nem blong tufala boe ia hemi Joe mo Avock Ezekiel. Ol man kam ia oli sendem toktok igo long posin man blong village blong Tevalie blong oli kilim tufala. Taem Joe igat 5 yia mo Avock Ezekiel igat tu manis nao papa mo mama blong tufala e ded. Taem Joe wetem Avock Ezekiel e smol tufala e stap nomo long Lulep mo olgeta famili blong tufala nomo e lukaotem tufala kasem tufala e bigwan. History blong tufala boe ia ol famili blong tufala oli talem long tufala. Joe e maretem Jenny Massie. Joe igat tri (3) boe mo fo (4) gel. Nem blong olgeta boe ia hemi David, Edward mo John Bill. Avock Ezekiel e maretem Serah Bernadette blong Lamap, Malekula. Avock Ezekiel mo hem igat tri (3) boe mo tu (2) gel. Nem blong ol boe hemi John Onis, Peter mo Simon. David Joe e maretem Masseng mo tufala igat tri (3) gel mo wan boe. Nem blong boe ia hemi Joy Tomatmail. Masseng e ded nao David Joe e maretem Beatrice blong Pentecost mo tufala igat tu (2) boe. Nem blong tufala boe ia hem e Jero mo Ceral. Edward e maretem Betty mo tufala igat wan gel mo wan boe. Nem blong boe hemi Samuel Donald. John Bill e maretem Leanie mo tufala igat tri (3) boe. Nem blong olgeta hemi Tula, Nicolsen mo Brightley. John Onis e maretem Dolcie mo tufala igat tu gel mo tri (3) boe. Nem blong ol boe ia hemi Muris, Steven Bong mo Jack. Peter e maretem Florence mo tufala igat tri gel. Simon e maretem Mary mo tufala igat tu gel.

Boundary blong Lulep Netan e stat long Ahat Tousil igo andap long Touf, igo long wota sos mo kasem wan stamba blong Navel tri we e makem area blong Tahi mo Lulep Netan. Folem top long hill igo long kasem Nanel igo long wan stamba blong Nandau igo long wan Red Navel tri mo igo kasem TVL tawa long Taveavo. Kam daon long Fati Uru long solwota mo folem solwota kasem Ahatsen Tousil.

EVIDENCE

Witness – Simon Onis. Hem e talem semak stori olsem we Original Klemen stap talem long Kot. Hem e save se wan olfala e bin givim wan graon long ol olfala bubu blong hem be graon Lulep Netan hem e blong famili Onis. Voliferr hem e wan nara nasara we tribe blong Seath e mekem taem oli muv out long Seath. Hem e no save wea nao grave blong Tritan. Hem ino save grave blong ol bubu blong hem we istap insaed long Vati Vaol o Hieveak.

Spokesman blong famili Lun Vae hemi Noel Takau. Hem e klem Lulep Nesa we istap insaed long graon ia Lulep. Fes man blong kam stap long Lulep Nesa hemi Paramount Jif Lun Vae. Hem e olsem wan King long taem blong ruling blong hem. Hem e liv long Nahahoi we hemi bigfala nakamal long hem. Tribe blong Lun Vae hemi Takeas. Lun Vae hem e kastom ona long graon ia Lulep Nesa. Long Nahahoi igat olfala well istap yet kasem tedei, igat wan tabu ston blong hem, ples blong olfala nakamal mo stage blong odinesen blong jifs.

Long Nahahoi, paramount jif Lun Vae istap odinetem ol jif mo givim blak majik long olgeta sipos oli wantem. Lun Vae e pasem titol blong paramount jif igo long Umau. Umau e pasem titol blong hem igo long boe blong hem Hungai Vas. Hungai Vas ino pasem titol ia long wan pikinini blong hem kasem hem e ded. Bifo Hungai Vas e ded hem e berem wan ston kolosap long Aid Post long Ameau blong talem aot se bae inogat dispute from paramount jif long Lulep Nesa. Nao mekem ol smol jif blong tribe e lukaotem olgeta pipol blong olgeta. Inogat eni dispute long titol ia kasem tedei.

Paramount jif Umau e maret mo hem igat tu (2) boe mo wan gel. Nem blong ol boe hemi Mann mo Hungai Vas. Nem blong gel Sengnau. Mann hemi ded. Umau e givim titol blong jif long Hungai vas.

Paramount jif Hungai Vas e muvum bigfala nakamal long Nahahoi igo long Teiam Nesa. Jif Hungai Vas e maretem fes woman we nem blong hem Leisal. Leisal inogat pikinini. Hungai Vas e adoptem Takau. Jif Hungai Vas e maretem namba tu woman nem blong hem Jacobet. Jacobet ino gat pikinini kasem hem e ded. Jif Hungai Vas e maretem namba tri woman nem blong hem Meriam. Meriam e bonem tri boe mo wan gel. Nem blong trifala boe hemi Parine, Alivet mo Willie Vava. Nem blong gel ia hemi Leileng. Long area blong Lulep Nesa e gat tri tribe; Takeas/Metano, Imali mo Rahui. Graon ia Ameau istap insaed long Lulep Nesa.

Urur hem e maret mo hemi gat tu (2) boe nem blong tufala hemi Vano mo Maki Tugon. Maki Tugon igat fo (4) boe. Nem blong olgeta hemi Sam Nuhon, Jacob, Hokau mo Esau e ded descendant blong hem we istap long Takeas.

Sam Nuhon e maret igat wan boe. Nem blong hem Samuel Tomake. Samuel hem igat six pikinini. Hokau e maretem tu woman mo hem igat eight pikinini. Maki Tugon hem stret descendant blong Lun Vae.

Hem e no save Ameau e minim wonem. Hem ino save whu e putum Lulep olsem nem blong graon ia. Hem e no save wea grave blong Lun Vae. Long taem blong ruling blong Hungai Vas, ol man we oli usum graon oli pem land rent long products blong graon we oli planem. Hem e talem se klem blong Lulep Netan e folem bladlaen blong Lun Vae. Long ruling blong Hungai Vas olgeta bubu blong Original Klemen Timi Tomake e flot ikam long Lulep Nesa.

Lun Vae hem e rul long 1786 – 1854. Lun Vae hem e rul blong 68 yias. Umau hem rul long 1854 – 1898. Umau e rule blong 44 yias. Ruling blong Hungai Vas e stat sam taem long 1898 – 1953. Hem e rul blong 55 yias.

Namba tu man we ikam stap long Lulep Nesa hemi Simsim. Lun Vae igivim graon long hem. Lun Vae e putum nem blong tribe we ikam aot long Simsim hemi Rahui. Simsim hem e smol jif blong tribe blong Rahui. Saurei mo Mengomeng tufala ikam afta long Simsim nao Lun Vae e putum nem blong tribe blong olgeta Imali mo Rahui. Saurei hem e olsem smol jif blong tribe blong Imali mo Rahui.

Igat wan bigfala creek e separetem Lulep Netan mo Lulep Nesa. Original Klemen e blong Lopevi mo Original Klemen e no save klem raet blong hem long tribe blong Seath o long graon ia Lulep Netan. Hem e talem se hem e raetem wan leta blong tourism project mo e askem Original Klemen blong hem e signem. Leta ia e pruvum se Original Klemen hem e blong Lopevi.

Long 2013, inogat wan man e disputem titol blong jif blong Takeas we hem e wantem nao Council blong Tamaso e odinatem hem olsem jif long Lulep Nesa. Odinesen blong hem e tekem ples long Lulep Netan from nasara blong Lulep Nesa e foldaon. Odinesen blong hem e mekem hem e tekem raet blong paramount jif blong Takeas. Hem ino nidim blong kilim pig blong karem titol ia.

Lun Vae e maret mo igat tu (2) boe. Nem blong tufala hem e Umau mo Urur. Umau e maret mo igat tu boe. Nem blong tufala hemi Mann mo Hungai Vas. Mann inogat pikinini mo e ded. Hungai e maret mo igat wan boe nem blong Takau. Takau e maret mo igat 8 boe mo nem blong olgeta hem e Ioan (ided), Henry, Kasav(ided), Wesley, John(ided), Noel Takau Hungai ,Bradley mo Glen. Urur e maret mo igat tu boe. Nem blong tufala hemi Vanou mo Maki Tungon. Maki Tugon e maret mo igat fo (4) boe. Nem blong olgeta hem e Sam Nuhon, Jacob, Hokau mo Esau (ided). Sam Nuhon e maret mo igat wan boe nem blong hem Samuel Avock. Samuel Avock igat tu woman. Hem igat fo (4) boe. Nem blong olgeta hemi Dick, Hosea, Mael mo John. Hokau e maretem tu (2) woman mo igat fo (4) pikinini. Nem blong olgeta hemi Gideon (ided), Micah (ided), Esau, mo Paul. Gideon e maret igat tu (2) boe, Brownson mo Erick. Brownson e maret igat wan boe Assily. Erick e maret igat fo (4) boe. Hemi Peto, Arvin, Edrien mo Trian. Esau e maret igat fo (4) boe. Hemi Dick, Tony, Philip mo Terry.

Boundary blong Lulep Nesa e stat long Hatilo ifolem creek igo long plantation blong Moris igo long Peter Mann Luvil iko long Vati Mayo igo long Navoimel (Tank) e folem Crik igo andap long Nanel, igo long wan Navel tri we e makem area blong Tahi mo Lulep Nesa mo igo long wota sos igo long Touf, igo long Ahatsen Tousil mo e folem solwota igo long Hatilo.

Witness – Jacob Rovea. Hem e talem se wan bigfala creek e separetem graon blong Lulep Netan mo Lulep Nesa. Hem papa blong hem e blong Owailep. Tribe blong Takeas nao e adoptem papa blong hem e kam long Lulep Nesa. Hem e no save grave blong Lun Vae e stap wea mo hem e no save histori blong Jif Lun Vae.

Spokesman blong Kaonta Klemen 2 hemi Okis Wesley. Famili Mael e klemem sem boundary olsem Original Klemen we hemi Lulep Netan. Hem e klem bladlaen blong Tomat Hiliman we e bigfala jif blong tribe blong Seath. Tribe blong Seath hem e fes man blong kam stap long Lulep Netan. Jif Hiliman e resivim tribe blong Amal Utavo mo Amal Veah. Taem Christianity e kam, nao tribe blong Seath e muv mo go settle long Tavoe Tanato. Hemia hem e namba tu (2) setelmen blong tribe blong Seath. Tribe Seath e muv bagegen long wan niufala setelmen blong hem long Vuli Teiam.

Tomat Hiliman hemi fes jif we e lukaotem ol pipol blong Seath. Lun Vae e odinetem hem long Nahahoi blong kam wan jif. Tomat Hiliman hem e no kam daon long Tavoe Tanato. Fes jioj e build long Tavoe Tanato afta nao paramount jif mo pipol e muvum jioj ikam daon long Ameau blong pipol blong tufala graon oli save go wosip long jioj.

Long taem blong ruling blong Tomat Hiliman, olgeta pipol oli givim buluk, faol, pig long hem olsem luk save hem olsem paramount jif mo from graon hemi blong jif. Tomat Hiliman e givim titol long pikinini boe blong hem Tomatmail Homal. Grave blong Hiliman istap long Seath. Hungai Vas e odinetem Tomat Mael Homal long Nahahoi blong kam jif blong olgeta man blong Seath. Afta long odinesen blong Tomat Mael Homal, hem e muvum olgeta pipol blong hem e aot long Tavoe Tanato mo oli go stap long Vuli Teiam olsem namba 3 setelmen. Hem igat tambu ples oli kolem Sivasif.

Long taem blong ruling blong Tomat Mael Homal igat wan man nem blong Demi Tomake e flot aot long Lopevi ikam long Lulep Netan long wan raft blong banana (Tatong). Wan man Lulep Netan nem blong hem Tomake Liho e singaotem ol pipol e kam luk Demi Tomake long solwota. Paramount jif Tomat Mael Homal e tekem Demi Tomake mo putum hem long Eas Havivi long Vuli Teiam. Demi Tomake e maret nao hem igat tu (2) boe. Nem blong olgeta Onis mo Edward. Grave blong Edward istap Lulep Netan. Onis e lif. Onis e maret mo hemi igat tu (2) boe. Nem blong tufala hemi Joe mo Ezekiel. Onis mo woman blong hem e ded taem Joe mo Ezekiel oli smol. Suvora blong tribe blong Amalveah e lukaotem Joe mo Ezekiel mo hem e givim titi long tufala. Joe mo Ezekiel ino stret bladlaen blong Tomat Mael Homal be stret bladlaen blong Demi Tomake.

Paramount jif Tomat Mael Homal e pasem titol igo long pikinini boe blong hem Mahit Tivava. Odinesen e happen long Vuli Teiam. Grave blong Tomat Mael Homal istap long Vuli Teiam. Mahit Tivava e givim titol igo long Avock Holi wan man Lulep from hem e holem wok blong teacher. Avock Holi hem inogat bladlaen blong paramount jif. Avock Holi e givim titol igo long brata blong hem Kal. Hem e wantem go long Santo nao hem e givim titol long George Avock we hem pikinini blong Jack brata blong Kal. Long kastom, graon hemi blong paramount jif mo pipol e usum graon nomo blong mekem garen.

Wan bigfala crik e separate Lulep Netan mo Lulep Nesa. Crik ia we istap long Navida mo go long Jacob nao e separetem Lulep Netan mo Lulep Nesa. Bubu blong hem e talem aot boundary blong Lulep Netan hemia nao e stap long sketch map blong Original Klemen.

Salirei e maret hemi gat wan boe. Nem blong hem Hiliman. Hiliman e maret igat Tomat Mael. Tomat Mael e maretem tu (2) woman. Tomat Mael igat wan boe Mahit Tivava. Hem e maret igat fiv boe. Nem blong olgeta hemi Peter, Morsen, Noel, Tom mo Saul. Peter e maret mo hem igat fo (4) boe. Nem blong olgeta hemi Avock, Jack, Karl mo Noel. Jack e maret igat wan boe mo boe blong hem e maret mo igat wan boe (hemi no klea mo e hard blong ridim nem).

Fes Witness- Aison Mael. Hem e talem se Hiliman nao e putum nem blong kastom graon ia Lulep Netan. Hiliman hem e wan paramount jif mo hem e blong Lulep Netan. Olgeta smol jif long kastom oli no gat raet blong karem raet blong paramount jif mo graon blong paramount jif. Demi Tomake e flot e kam long Paama long wan rafta. Tribe blong Amalveah e kam long Ambrym. Taem volcano e firap nao olgeta bubu blong olgeta oli kam lukaotem safety long Paama. Tribe blong Utavo e kam long Pentecost. Tomatmail e gat wan brata blong hem we nem blong hem e Mahit Salie. Grave blong Tomatmail e stap long Voli Teiam. Papa blong Tomatmail hem e Hiliman. Long Lulep Nesa igat wan Paramount Jif istap mo nem blong hem Lun Vae. Lun Vae nao e odinatem Hiliman olsem wan jif mo ol nara jif raon long Paama.

Long taem blong bifo ol olfala oli makem graon long tri mo creek nao papa blong hem e shoem boundary blong graon ia Lulep. Ol tri mo crik nao e shoem boundary blong Lulep Nesa mo Lulep Netan. Crik we e stap kolosap long SDA jioj nao e separate tufala graon ia. Olgeta grave long tribe blong Seath e stap andap long hill. Hatili hem e nem blong wan nasara ino wan ples. Grave blong Tomatmail e no stap long Ameau. Taem Lun Vae e givim titol blong jif long Hiliman hem e titol nomo e no givim raet long graon. Igat wan tribe blong Seath nomo long Lulep.

2^nd witness – Jack Titomat. Tavoe Tanato hemi namba 2 setelmen blong Hiliman. Original Klemen mo Kaonta Klemen 2 oli wan nomo blong tribe blong Seath. Vales hemi e brata blong Tomatmail e kam nao e ded long Lulep Netan. Bifo Onis e gat fulap fenis be tedei e nomo gat. Hem igat nasara blong hem long area blong Seath. Ston ia Hatilo e stap long taem finis long ples we istap tedei. Inogat wan man e muvum ston ia ikam long ples we hem e stap long hem.

Boundary blong Lulep Netan e stat long Iatiovo. Boundary blong Lulep Netan e fas wetem graon blong Utavo mo Rahui. Line blong Utavo e stop long Uru. Olfala Holi e blong graon ia we nem blong hem Utavo. Hatili e minim se man e kam tugeta. Hiliman e maretem Serah blong Liro Nesa. Ol bubu blong hem ikam fastaem long Lulep Nesa afta nao tribe blong Utavo jes kam stap long Lulep.

Papa blong hem mo papa blong Kaonta Klemen 9 oli brata. Taem gospel ikam nao grave blong Peter Man istap long Ameau. Ameau hemi Peter Man. Kaonta Klemen 9 istap liv narasaed long Presbyterian jioj. Mahit Tivava hem e care taker mo ringim bell blong jioj nao kasem hem e ded oli berem hem long mission graon. Olgeta man we oli wok long jioj oli berem olgeta lo mission graon. Igat tri nasara long Lulep. Igat nasara blong Seath, nasara blong Lun Vae mo nasara blong hem. Hiliman oli berem hem long insaed long wan nasara long Navulim. Head blong grave blong Hiliman e fesem hill.

3^rd witness – August Mael. Hem e talem se Tivava e tekem jioj e kam long Ameau. Robson Holi nao e stap long Ameau bifo Tivava e kam long Ameau. Holi e givim graon long Lulep Nesa long olgeta tribe blong Takeas.

KLEM BLONG KAONTA KLEMEN 3 – FAMILI AVOCK, JOEL AVOCK MO CHARLEY AVOCK LONG TRIBE BLONG AMAL VEAH

Spokesman blong Kaonta Klemen 3 hemi Song Avock. Hem e talem se fes nakamal we jif Avock Sengai istap long hem hemi Tavoe Tanato. Taem Avock Sengai e ded nao jif Avock Holi e replesem hem. Avock Holi hem e akseptem gospel long Lulep. Fes ples we jioj istap long hem, hemi Natmouras. Hukohuko hem e wan ples blong solwota mo jif Avock Saro nao e lukaotem. Jif Avock Holi e muvum nakamal e aot long Tavoe Tanato ikam daon long Hoai Leihi. Jif Avock e muvum jioj e aot long Natmouras ikam daon long Ameau. Tribe blong Hatili istap long Ameau mo jif blong tribe Hatili hemi Mael Atan. Mael Atan e stap gogo inogat pikinini nao hem e talem long Jif Avock se bae hem e givim graon ia Ameau long hem. Jif Avock Holi e givim 2 pig we tut blong tufala pig e tanem gud blong talem tankiu long Mael Atan from graon ia. Hemia e no payment be fasin blong kastom blong talem tankiu. Graon ia tribe blong Amal Veah tekem onasip finis long Ameau. Avock Holi e ded nao papa blong hem e tekem titol blong jif. Jif Avock Saro e muvum nakamal long Hoai Leihi ikam daon long Vati Nat. Lulep Netan hem blong descendant blong jif Avock Sengai.

Inomo gat living bladlaen blong Mael Hatan nao long kastom raet blong graon igo long tribe blong Amal Veah. Long Ameau igat jioj, Aid Post, Luvil Primary skul and Kindy garden mo nara development long hem. Hatili hem e nasara blong Mael Atan. Wan bubu blong hem Jif George hem e blong Lulep Nesa be naoia oli klem Lulep Netan. Hem e lego man e wok long graon from hem we e jif. Hem e gat wan tabu ples blong solwota we taem solwota e raf bae hem e usum blong mekem solwota e kwaet mo nem blong tabu ples ia hemi Hukohuko. Long Tavoe Tanato igat wan tabu ston nem blong hem Hatilo, ston blong kilim pig mo long Hoaie Uli olsem namba tu nakamal blong Amalveah igat narafala Halto tambu ston istap. Long namba tri setelmen igat haus.

Avock Sengai e maret mo igat wan boe. Nem blong hem Willie Avock. Willie Avock e maret nao igat tri (3) boe. Nem blong olgeta Jack Avock, Kal mo Willie Sandy. Jack Avock e maret mo igat wan boe hemi George Avock. George Avock e maret mo gat wan boe William. William e maret mo igat wan boe Auken.

Graon e stat long Ahatsen Leima, Navulim, Naseul kasem andap long hill igo kasem Navel tri we e mark long Tahi mo Lulep Netan long top blong hill mo kam daon long wota sos, Touf, Ahatsen Tousil mo folem solwota kasem Ahatsen Leimak.

Fes witness- Paul Jimmy. Hem e talem se igat wan crik e stap kolosap long SDA jioj. Crik ia nao e separetem Lulep Netan mo Lulep Nesa. Jif blong Amalveah hemi paramount jif Avock Sengai. Fes jioj long Lulep Netan hem e stap long Natmouras area. Mael Atan e givim graon long ol bubu blong hem. Hem ino save grave blong Mael Atan e stap wea. Hatili e wan nasara e no wan ples. Avock Holi e letem ol missionary oli buildim jioj long Ameau. Grave blong Avock Holi e stap long mission graon.

2^nd witness – George Avock. Hem e talem se hem e jif blong tribe blong Amalveah. Bubu blong hem ibin tekem 1^st missionary ikam long Lulep Nessa e go long Lulep Netan. Olgeta man long Lulep Nesa oli kam skul wetem olgeta long Natmouras ia. Oli muvum jioj long Natmouras igo long Ameau. Ameau hem e graon blong bubu blong hem Avock Sengai. Mama blong hem e givim melek blong titi blong hem long Joe mo Ezekiel taem oli smolsmol taem mama blong tufala e ded. Taem Avock Sengai e olfala e givim raet e go long Takau Avock we hem e papa blong witness. Afta long hem ia naoia hem e jif blong Amalveah. Hem wetem papa blong Original Klemen nao tufala e bildim jioj haus long Ameau. Hem e allowem developmen blong e kam stap long ples blong hem mo e no mekem olgeta oli pem wan mani e go long hem.

Long kastom bambae fes bon boe nao bae e gat raet long kastom graon afta we olgeta papa blong hem oli ded everi wan. Amalveah e minim lukluk gud mo scale gud bifo givim decision. Amal Utavo e minim faol e slip long egg blong hem. Amal Seath minim wan samting e save jenjem. Papa blong Original Klemen nao e talem long papa blong hem blong kam wan jif from papa blong Original Klemen e go long Santo from wife blong hem e sik tumas.

Sam jif oli shoem long hem mo Kaonta Klemen 4 olgeta boundary blong Lulep Netan. Hem e tru se tribe blong Amalveah e givim 2 pig long jif Mael Atan. Ol jif blong tribe oli holem graon blong olgeta pipol blong hem. Boundary mark hem e rod e no tri blong Nandau andap long hill.

Klem blong family Esau Daniel e blong Voravor ino blong Lulep Netan. Kot e sakem aot klem blong hem.

Spokesman hemi Silas James mo Robert Samson. Tufala e talem se Utavo hemi smol nakamal blong Amal Veah. Fes setelmen blong Amalveah istap long Venout. Namba tu setelmen istap long Boal Utavo long ples we nem blong hem Vuli Verie. Namba tri setelmen hemi Huwean ples ia igat wan well. Namba fo setelmen hemi Teiam Aiou. Namba fiv setelmen hemi Raoul. Long olgeta setelmen ia Utavo hem igat pruf olsem olgeta ston long solwota olsem Ahat Kova, Ahat Sen Leimak, Ahat Mareal, Ahat Sen Sevi, Ahat Avali, Ahora Luvoluvo mo Ahora. Olgeta igat olgeta kastom meresin olsem Avong.

Tribe blong Utavo e no kam long aelan blong Ambrym. Tribe blong Utavo e gat Hukohuko lo Amalveah long hem e stap yet. Long kastom blong area we Lulep Netan e stap long hem, jif nao e finem graon mo e putum ol pipol blong hem long graon ia. Tribe blong Utavo e klem graon ia folem tribe blong Utavo. Mining blong Utavo hem e pipol e stap andanit long care blong hem. Seath e minim division. Hem e gat kastom identity long graon ia.

Papa blong Kaonta Klemen 2 nao e shoem boundary blong Utavo long hem. TVL e wantem putum fes tawa long hill andap long Lulep Netan. Tribe blong Utavo nao e signem olgeta pepa blong letem TVL e kam mo putum tawa ia we istap tedei. Long taem ia papa blong Kaonta Klemen 2 e no disputem tribe blong Utavo. Afta sam yia e pass nao TVL e wantem kam putum namba 2 tawa. Hemia nao e mekem Original Klemen e kam putum klem from graon ia Lulep Netan. Original Klemen wetem Kaonta Klemen 2 oli stap klem graon from interest blong olgeta long mani blong graon ia. Long ples we TVL tawa istap long hem e blong tribe blong Utavo. Man we e wantem wok long graon ia e mas askem raet blong wok long ples ia from graon hem e blong tribe blong Utavo. Long yia 2008, hem e bin mekem karen long graon ia nao taem we TVL ikam putum tawa long ples ia, TVL e compensetem hem from olgeta kakae blong hem. Ples ia Hatilo e go andap hem ia graon blong Lulep Netan. Secondary Skul e stap insaed long graon blong Lulep Nesa. Hem e gat wan ston we e save kilim solwota taem solwota e nogud mo wan ston blong singaotem man e hangere. Olgeta ston ia e stap kolosap long solwota.

Tuwi e maret igat fo (4) boe. Tugon, Holi, Joe mo Andrew. Holi, Joe wetem Andrew oli go long Queensland. Andrew ikam bak e maret igat wan boe Robert. Robert e maret igat wan boe Okis. Okis e maret igat fo (4) boe. Nem blong olgeta hemi Samson, Onis, Obed mo Tony. Samson e maret igat wan boe Paul. Paul e maret igat wan boe Patrick.

Boundary istat long Ahat Leimak folem crik igo long Ara (Nandao tri) igo long Tavearara (Red Navel) mo go long Heei On wan we istrong afta igo long Neiraho. Kam daon long Ari (Narara tri), Avak Leiman (Nambanga tri), Tavoe (Navel tri), Venauro, Ekosa Venhiahi (wan flawa), Noumoli, Namitihutu, Navate, Viluat igo long Uru folem kasem Ahat Leimak igo bak andap.

Fes witness- Alick Graham. Hem e talem se Tomakey hem e bladlaen blong tribe blong Utavo. Amal Utavo hem e minim nasara e lukaotem man olsem mama faol e lukaotem olgeta pikinini blong hem. Hem e wok insaed long boundary blong Utavo. Skul mo klinik e stap insaed long graon Lulep Nesa. Bigfala creek we e stap kolosap long graon blong Lulep Netan e separate kastom graon Lulep Nesa mo Lulep Netan. Wan fom we TVL e usum blong mekem tawa ia e shoem se tribe blong Utavo hem e kastom ona blong area we TVL tawa e stap long hem. Utavo hem e smol nakamal. Bigfala nakamal nao hem e Amalveah mo Amal Seath. Folem famili tri blong hem, hem e gat 6 generation.

2 witness- James Maki. Olgeta pipol long tribe blong Utavo hem e ol man we oli save kastom meresin. Ples blong Hukohuko hem e ples blong kilim solwota taem e raf. Long ples ia nao e kam nasara blong tribe blong Utavo we e stap tedei. Luli mo Utavo oli sherem wan boundary nomo. Tribe blong Utavo e wok long area blong Luli e go kasem TVL tawa. Long solwota Utavo wetem Luli e fas wetem ston ia Uru.

Klem blong Kaonta Klemen 6 e blong graon ia Tahi we ino stap insaed long Lulep. Kot e sakem aot klem.

Kaonta Klemen 7 e klem graon ia Nou we ino stap insaed long Lulep. Kot e sakem aot klem blong olgeta.

Spokesman blong Kaonta Klemen 8 hemi Maseng Manses. Hem e pikinini blong Roy Manses long tribe blong Rahui. Ibin gat tu olfala we nem blong tufala hemi Silvalu mo Metaio. Tufala e ol soldia blong bigfala nasara ia Imalie. Tufala e stap mekem blak majik. Nasara blong tufala e stap long Seaou. Tufala istap mekem wok ia kasem we Mateaio e ded inogat pikinini. Silvalu nomo hem e lif istap. Silvalu e go luk high jif Saurei blong adoptem wan pikinini blong hem. Jif Saurei igivim las bon boe blong hem Hungaitilo. Silvalu e mekem bigfala kastom mo adoptem Hungaitilo mo tekem hem igo stap wetem hem long nasara blong Rahui long Seaou. Silvalu e tekem Tesie wan woman Tahi mo givim long Hugaitilo. Hugaitilo e askem brata blong hem Areiasuv blong tufala makem graon. Ibin gat tu ston we tufala e semak nomo. Tufala brata ia tufala e mekem wota e kamaot mo muvum wan ston igo stap long solwota we nem blong Hatilo mo narawan istap andap long hill. Tufala ston ia e makem graon blong Lulep Netan mo Lulep Nesa. Hatilo e minim se ston ia hem e blong Hungaitilo.

Original Klemen Ezekiel Onis hem e descendant blong ol man blong Tematu village long Lopevi. Hem ino kam long tribe long Seath olsem we hem istap klem long Kot. Kaonta Klemen 3 we hemi famili Song Avock, Joel Avock mo Charley Karl Avock oli descendant blong man Ambrym. Long 1813, taem volcano blong Ambrym e firap nao e fosem olgeta bubu blong olgeta blong kam long Paama long canoe. Oli kam stap long Lulep Nesa. Famili Avock we hem e Kaonta Klemen 6 oli blong South East Ambrym. Bladlaen blong olgeta e blong South East Ambrym. Original Klemen, Kaonta Klemen 3 mo Kaonta Klemen 8 oli man kam mo naoia oli stap klem onasip blong graon Lulep.

Skul we e stap e blong Ulkiman blong Imali. Ples ia olgeta e wok long hem. Skul e stap long graon blong hem.

Holi e blong Toak village long South East Ambrym. Holi e flot long wan bigfala banana e kam long Paama nao tribe blong Rahui e recivim Holi. Holi kam stap wetem brata blong bubu blong hem we nem blong hem Hugaitilo we istap long tribe blong Rahui. Holi e maretem woman Takeas mo tufala e gat 3 gel mo wan boe.

Hem e no save se whu e tekem kastom shark Okonvai e kam long Paama. Jif e stap usum ol man olsem polis blong hem olsem Hugaitilo mo Tataio blong usum ol blak majik (Aimas) blong kilim man olsem jif e wantem. Olgeta tribes ia Amal Rahui mo Imali oli kamaot long tufala brata. Olgeta tribe oli gat ol jif mo ol jif ia oli gat graon. Kastom ia Asup Toto hem e kamaot long tribe blong Imali. Jif Saurei e gat wok man blong hem mo olgeta wok man ia oli stap long Amal blong Metaio, Evol, Takeas, Imali, Rahui, Amalveah mo Lulep Netan. Paramount jif wok blong hem e blong lukluk over olgeta smol Amal. Wok blong jif blong nakamal hem e blong lukluk long Amal blong hem. Toktok ia Nesa e minim andap mo Netan e minim daon. Igat wan crik nomo e separetem Lulep Netan mo Lulep Nesa. Ino gat 3 creek. Ol nara crik ia hemi ansa blong land slide long taem bifo. Boundary blong graon ia istat long wan crik long Hatilo e kasem Tomal mo Tomal e stap half way folem side blong hill go andap kasem Navel tri. Kaonta Klemen 2 hem e wok long ples ia from ol bubu blong Kaonta Klemen 2 oli folem missionary nao oli kam wok long ples ia. Ol bubu blong Kaonta Klemen 2 oli usum graon nomo blong planem garen be ol bubu blong Kaonta Klemen 2 oli kerap oli plantem wud blong makem ples we oli wok long hem. Bubu blong Kaonta Klemen 2 e wok long jioj nao hem e stap rigim bell blong jioj nao hemia nao mekem hem e gat smol ples blong wok.

Silvalu hem e wan soldia blong bigfala jif. Ameau bifo nem blong hem hemi e Hatili. Long ples ia olgeta man mo woman oli usum blong mekem trabol long hem afta oli usum wota long ples ia blong washem olgeta afta long trabol blong olgeta. Nem blong wota ia hem e Vuliomas. Amalveah hem e bigfala nasara long area blong Lulep Netan be nakamal blong Amalveah e foldaon mo oli nomo stanapem bak bagegen. Olgeta bubu blong hem we e stap mekem blak majik oli gat raet blong tekem raet blong paramount jif folem kastom. Ol bubu oli givim long Lun Vae Aimas nao Lun Vae e givim graon olsem exchange blong hem. Graon ia hem ino blong Hiliman. Gel blong Hiliman e maretem man Ameau we onem graon ia. Hiliman e nogat kastom onasip long graon ia Ameau. Hem e boundary wetem Amalveah long Lulep Netan.

Long saed blong tribe blong Silvalu igat wan brata nem blong Metaio. Metaio e ded. Silvalu e adoptem Hugaitilo. Hungaitilo maret mo gat wan boe. Nem blong hem Hungai Tilo. Hungai Tilo e maret mo igat wan boe nem blong hem Manses. Manses e maret mo hemi gat tri boe Roy, Peter mo Sam. Roy e maret mo igat fo (4) boe nem blong olgeta hemi Saul, Maseng, Hungaitilo mo Areiasuv. Saul e maret mo hem igat wan boe. Nem blong hem John.

Long saed blong tribe blong Imali, Saurei e maret igat tu boe. Ariasuv mo Hungaitilo. Hungaitilo inogat pikinini. Ariasuv e maret mo hem igat tu (2) boe hemia Vanovares mo Tomake Avock. Vanovares e maret mo hem igat fo (4) boe. Nem blong olgeta hemi, Andrew, Jack, Noel mo Job. Andrew e maret igat tu (2) boe. Maki mo Ken. Maki inogat boe. Ken e maret igat tu (2) boe. Tomake Avock e maret igat tri boe. Willie, Nomon mo Daniel. Willie e maret igat tu (2) boe. Mark wetem David. Daniel e maret igat wan boe Kelvin.

Graon boundary blong Rahui mo Imali e stat long Ahatsen Tousil igo andap long Touf mo kasem wota sos go andap kasem Navel tri we e shoem boundary blong Tahi mo Lulep. Folem top blong hill igo long Nanel afta e folem wan crik e kam daon kasem Ameau mo go kasem Hatilo.

1 witness- Peter Manses. Tribe blong Imali mo Hugaitilo oli gat wan papa nomo. Ston ia Hatilo hem e haus blong Lisepsep. Hugaitilo mo Ariasu tufala e toktok nao mekem wota e sut aot mo e muvum ston ia Hatilo long andap mo muvum Hatilo mo putum ston ia lo solwota. Boundary blong Rahui e stat long Hatilo igo andap long navel. Bifo ol pipol blong Lulep Nesa oli stap liv andap long hill nao taem gospel e kam nao ol pipol blong Lulep Nesa oli kam liv kolosap long solwota. Tribe blong Rahui mo Imali oli wan nomo. Imali hem e bigfala nakamal mo Rahui hem e smol nakamal. Folem kastom, bigfala nakamal nao bae hem e stret man blong klem graon e no smol nakamal. Killing blong pig istap tekem ples long bigfala nakamal ino smol nakamal. Igat wan bigfala creek e separate Lulep Netan mo Lulep Nesa. Hatili hem e wan ples we ol man mo woman stap mekem trabol long hem afta oli usum wan wota long ples ia blong washem olgeta afta long trabol blong olgeta. Mi claim blong protektem raet blong Imali mo Rahui.

2 witness- Job Vanovare. Hem e last bon blong paramount jif blong Lulep Nesa. Saurei hem e wan paramount jif o king blong Nesa. Olgeta tribe blong Rahui nao hem e olgeta soldia blong Saurei. Saurei hem e man Lulep. Kastom graon ia Lulep Netan hem e blong tribe blong Rahui mo Imali. Ston ia Hatilo hem e mark blong boundary. Bifo e gat wan graon nomo andap long hill kasem solwota we nem blong hem Lulep. Afta nao graon ia e kam Lulep Netan mo Lulep Nesa. Ol bubu blong hem oli planem wud be wud bae e ded be ston ia Hatilo e stap nomo long dark taem kasem naoia.

3 witness- Saul Manses – Hem e talem se Kaonta Klemen 8 hem e soldia blong jif. Hem e no save klem kastom onasip blong graon. Ino folem fasin blong kastom. Hem e blong Imali nao oli adoptem hem e kam long Rahui. Imali mo Rahui e wan nomo from tufala brata blong sem bladlaen nomo e mekem tufala tribe ia. Hem e kam aot long famili blong soldia. Hem e putum klem blong protektem graon blong Imali mo Rahui. Nasara blong hem e stap andap long skul. Bifo long taem blong bifo boundary blong graon kastom mak blong hem e ston, hill mo creek. Ol olfala oli no usum wud we oli planem from sei wud bae e save ded. Luvil skul e stap long graon ia we nem blong hem Lulep Nesa e no stap long Lulep Netan. Rahui graon blong hem e fas wetem Amalveah.

4 witness- Kelvin Daniel. Tribe blong Imali nao hem e stret man blong klemem graon ia.

5 witness- Mark Willitiam Ariasu. Hem e talem se Imali e gat wan nasara mo Rahui e gat wan nasara. Man we oli liv long Imali mo Rahui oli wan bladlaen nomo. Nasara blong Imali nem blong hem Senat. Olgeta man blong Lulep Nesa oli stap andap long hill be from gospel nao oli kam daon long Ameau.

Spokesman blong famili Hosea hemi Hosea Moses Avock Fai. Long taem blong bifo igat wan king Jif blong Lulep mo Paama mo hem istap long Lulep Nesa. King ia nem blong hem Lun Fai. Hem e governor general blong Paama. King ia e designem mo mekem plans long village mo ceremonial plans mo e givim oda long ol soldier blong hem long Imali nakamal. Hem e dil wetem everi man long rong blong olgeta. Lun Fai hem wan nomo igat tabu ples blong hem blong mekem majik pawa blong hem. Majik blong hem e panisim olgeta man. Hem hemi 6^th generation blong Lun Fai we tribe blong Takeas e kamaot long hem. Kastom mark blong makem graon hemi crik mo ston. Ino wud we man e planem. Ston Hatilo e bin stap andap long hill nao wan dei e rain bigwan nao ston ia e muv ikam daon long Solwota. Lun Fai e mekem ston ia olsem mark blong boundary blong graon.

Olgeta bubu blong hem e planem sam fruit tris long Lulep Nesa. Ameau hem e blong Titomat Vilae Mael Pikiare. Brata blong hem hemi Titomat Vilae Vao Aiput, Titomat Vilae Maki Tugon mo Titomat Vilae Tione Sahe. Rison blong Titomat Vilae Mael Pikiare e karem graon ia from Titomal Vilae Vao Aiput e maretem Leiau mo Leiau ino save karem pikinini nao oli katem aot ol titi blong hem mo putum long ples we igat bigfala solwota.

Willie Mano e askem raet long Titomat Vilae Maki Tugon mo Titomat Vilae Vanou Aiput blong mekem kastom seremoni blong wife blong boe blong hem Tomake Tolan long Ameau. Woman ia nao hem e mama blong Kaonta Klemen 1. Oven blong mekem kastom ia e stap yet tedei kolosap long Presbyterian jioj.

Pipol blong Takeas, Lulep Netan, pipol blong Metano e agri blong Presbyterian jioj e build long Ameau. Grave blong Titomat Vilae Mael Pikiare mo Sam Avok Nuhonoli berem long mission grave yard. Hemia e shoem ownership blong tufala long Ameau.

Ol man bifo long dark taem oli stap go long Ameau blong wosipim Vuli Tahi we hem e blak majik. Lun Fai hem igat wan chair long Nahahoi. Lun Fai taem hemi bon ikam long wol oli bonem nambuton blong hem. Hemia value blong hem e bigwan. Hem e kam paramount jif. Long taem ia hem e karem nem ia Lun. Lun Vae hem e wan man we ol pipol blong hem oli fraet gud long hem. Lun Vae istap odinatem olgeta jif long Paama mo givim blak majik long olgeta jif sipos olgeta jif oli askem long hem. Bladlaen blong Lun Vae e lif yet kasem tedei.

Kaonta Klemen 9 nao hem e stret kastom ona blong graon ia Lulep Nesa. Kaonta Klemen 1 hem e klem raet blong adoption. Kaonta Klemen 1 no save kam askem raet ia from bladlaen blong Lun Fai oli lif yet istap.

Samuel Avock hem e stret bladlaen blong King Lun Fai. Hem e stap kam klem blong protektem raet blong King Lun Fai. Nakamal blong King Lun Fai igat 2 doa. Wan doa King nomo e usum mo nara doa nao man e usum blong kamaot. Bigfala nasara long Lulep Nesa hem e blong tribe blong Takeas.

Lun Fai e maret igat tu (2) boe. Nem blong olgeta hemi Urur mo Umau. Urur e maret mo hemi gat tri (3) boe. Nem blong olgeta Maki Tugon, Vanou Aiput mo Mark. Maki Tugon e maret mo hemi gat tri boe, Sam Nuhon, Jacob, Hokau mo Esau (ided). Sam Nuhon e maret mo hemi gat Samuel Avock. Samuel Avock e maret mo igat fo (4) boe. Nem blong olgeta hemi Dick Avock, Hosea Moses, David Avock. Dick Avock e maret mo igat fo (4) boe. Nem blong olgeta hemi wan boe hemi Tomake. Hosea e maret mo hemi adoptem wan boe mo nem blong hem Mael.

Boundary blong graon e stat long Hatilo ifolem crik igo andap long Ameau mo crik ia e kasem Noaikot afta kam daon long Ahatsen Tousil mo folem solwota kasem Hatilo.

1 witness- Samuel Avock. Hem e papa blong Hosea Avock. Hem nao e mekem odinasen blong Kaonta Klemen 1. Odinasen ia e folem nomo decision blong Tamaso Council blong jifs. Papa blong hem e talem long hem se boundary blong Lulep Nesa e stat long Hatilo igo andap long hill. Lun Vae hem e kilim 100 pigs. Urur nao e odinatem hem olsem bubu blong Lun Vae. Skul e stap long Luli bifo skul e muv igo long Ameau. Igat tu graon long sketch map blong Original Klemen. Igat Lulep Nesa mo Lulep Netan. Olgeta tri oli no peg or mark blong boundary. Bifo graon ol olfala oli makem folem creek mo ston nomo. Wud hem taem gospel e kam nomo. Skul oli muvum e go long Ameau from blong blokem ples we oli stap mekem blak majik long hem. Olfala bubu blong hem e planem olgeta navel mo breadfruit long ples ia. Bubu blong hem e putum jioj long Ameau mo hem e putum skul long Ameau. Hem taem hem e kam jif, oli putum hem e sidaon long wan ston nao oli givim nem blong hem long Lulep Nesa. Ol pipol blong Lulep Netan oli stap andap mo taem gospel ikam nao oli kam daon blong Christianity. Taem gospel ikam long Lulep Nesa e gat man e liv finis long area blong Vuli Tahi. Olgeta Navel we e stap andap long hill we ol man oli planem taem we gospel e kam e shoem boundary blong nara area wetem Lulep Netan. Olgeta nara graon ia igat Nou, Tahi, Tevali, Owailep kasem solwota. Igat 4 nasara long Lulep Nesa mo nem blong olgeta hem e Imali, Rahui, Takeas mo Metano. Boundary blong graon blong Rahui e fas wetem graon blong Lulep Netan. Tribe blong Amalveah e kam long Pentecost mo Utavo tu e kam long Maewo. Wud we man e planem olsem bubu blong hem ino makem graon. Ol tribe blong Imali oli ol soldia blong bigfala jif Lun Fai. Alivet we hemi last surviving bladlaen blong Lun Vae hem e pulum flag long taem blong Independence mo hem e stret man blong mekem hemia. Long kastom, adoption isave tekem aot raet sipos inomo gat laef bladlaen istap.

2 Witness – Harry Peter – Hem e talem se papa blong Sam Nuhon hemi Urur Willie mo stret man blong klemem Ameau. Lun Fai hem oli mekem kastom blong bonem belly button blong hem taem we hem e bon. Kastom ia hem e givim bigfala rank blong paramount jif. Hemia ol kastom we paramount jif e mekem long ol pikinini blong hem blong tekem raet ia. Oli laetem faea from kastom ia kasem we pikinini ia hem e bigwan. Lun Fai e givim raet blong hem long Vano Aiput.

3 Witness - Demis Lango. Hem e talem se fes man blong settle long Lulep hemi Lun Fai we hem e blong Lulep Netan. Namba tu man blong stap ia hemi pikinini blong Lun Vae nem blong hem Vano Aiput. Afta hemi Urei KulKul, afta Sam Nuhon, afta Sam Avock mo Hosea Avock. Long taem blong bifo, taem wan jif e ded ale ol jif oli usum red lif laplap blong kaveremap olgeta jif long hol blong berem olgeta. Bifo olgeta odinasen blong jif imas gat pig we tut e tanem tu or tri taem. Tedei, Council blong Tamaso oli mekem odinasen be inogat eni pig. Ino folem kastom fasin blong givim rank long jif.

Kaonta Klemen 10 e klem graon ia Tahi we ino stap insaed long Lulep. Kot e sakem aot klem.

Kot e wokbaot wetem olgeta parties long Lulep. Original Klemen e shoem wan mo talem se ples blong Vati Voul. Inogat Vat Voul. Kolosap long Vati Voul igat olgeta yang stamba blong Nangaria mo wan Namele tri. Inogat wan man e challengem wonem hem e talem long Vati Voul. Long ples we igat Nangaria mo stamba blong Namele tri, Kaonta Klemen 2 hemi challengem mo talem se hemi ples hem. Hem e shoem wan ples mo hemi talem se ples blong nakamal. Hem ino talem nem blong nakamal ia. Kaonta Klemen 2, 3 mo 5 oli talem se inogat wan nakamal long ples we Original Klemen istap talem. Afta long ples ia, Original Klemem e talem se Tritan oli bonem hem long faea kolosap long Hievaik. Kaonta Klemen 2, 3 mo 5 oli disputem. Inogat eni kastom identity long ples ia. Kam daon smol long hill, Original Klemen e shoem ples blong nakamal blong Heiviak we hemi namba 2 setelmen blong Hiliman. Igat Namele tri mo Nangaria. Kaonta Klemen 2 e talem se hemi setelmen blong hem. Kam daon smol, Original Klemen e shoem wan ples mo talem se hemi ples blong Vati Mayo blong hem. Inogat kastom identity long ples mo Original Klemen talem se buluk e spolem. Kaonta Klemen 2, 3 mo oli talem se Original Klemen istap kiaman long Kot. Original Klemen e shoem wan ples bagegen daon long hill bagegen we hem e talem se ples blong nasara blong hem we nem blong hem hemi Vuliver. Inogat wan kastom identity blong nasara ia Vuliver. Kaonta Klemen 2, 3 mo 5 oli talem se Original Klemen e kiaman long Kot. Daon long hill, Original Klemen e shoem Amal Hatulak we hemi wan nakamal blong mekem blak majik. Kaonta Klemen 2 hemi agri se igat wan nakamal long ples be hemi nakamal blong Vati Mayo blong hem. Nakamal ia hemi wan tabu nakamal we oli usum blong toktok wetem spirit blong ded man. Hem e shoem wan ples we hemi talem se nem blong ples ia Hoevulim we istap kolosap long solwota. Hemi se ples nao olfala Muris e lukluk tufala pig nao tufala tidalwave ikam e kilim olgeta pipol blong olfala Muris. Kaonta Klemen 2, 3 mo 5 oli disputem hem long ples ia nao oli talem se oli neva harem nem ia bifo mo stori ia hemi kiaman stori.

Kaonta Klemen 2 we hem e talemaot long Kot se ples blong Seath hemi ples blong setelmen blong Hiliman. Hem e shoem grave blong Hiliman we istap long Tavoe Tanato. Kaonta Klemen 3 hemi talem from women oli berem Hiliman long graon blong Amal Veah. Long Tavoe Tanato, igat olgeta ston we istap blong makem setelmen ia. Long ples hem flat gud. Daon smol, Kaonta Klemen 2 shoem wan ples mo hemi talem se hemi nakamal blong olgeta. Igat ol ston e stap olbaot long ples ia blong shoem nakamal ia.

Kaonta Klemen 3 hem e shoem ston blong katem pig kolosap long grave blong Hiliman long area blong Tavoe Tanato. Hem e shoem olgeta ston we hemi e talem se ples blong setelmen blong Avock Sengai mo ston blong katem pig blong Avock Sungai. Daon long hill, hem e shoem nara ston blong katem pig we hemi semak long hemia we hemi shoem long Tavoe Tanato. Ston ia istap kolosap long nakamal blong Avock Sengai. Kaonta Klemen 2, 3 mo 5 oli no disputem se igat wan nakamal long ples ia be oli talem se hemi wan public nakamal we ol man blong Amal Utavo, Amal Veah wetem olgeta tribe blong Seath oli usum. Hem e shoem wan ples andap hill behaen long church blong, hem e talem se ples ia hem e blong ol tribe blong Hatili. Hem e shoem wan bigfala Namele tri mo hem e talem se Namele tri ia hem pruvum se igat wan nasara istap ia we nem blong hem hemi Hatili. Hem e talem tu se graon blong Hatili e stap andap long hill igo daon long Ameau mo go kasem solwota. Olgeta bubu blong hem oli bin tekem 2 pig ikam long olfala Atan blong talem thankiu we hem e givim graon long Amalveah. Tufala pig ia ol tut blong tufala e fas gud. Inomo gat laef bladlaen blong tribe ia Hatili nao from olfala Atan igivim Ameau long hem nao hem e stret nomo folem kastom blong tribe blong Amalveah e onem graon blong tribe blong Hatili. Inogat wan wota long Hatili olsem we Kaonta Klemen 8 istap talem long Kot.

Kaonta Klemen 5 e shoem wan stamba blong Nangai we hem e talem se Nangai tri e gro mo blokem ston blong kilim solwota we oli kolem Hukohuko. Hem e shoem nasara blong hem we igat olgeta ston istap raon. Hem e shoem wan ples we hemi talem se ston blong hangere istap long hem bifo be wan grup blong Evangelism church oli tekemaot ston ia mo oli go putum long jioj. Original Klemen, Kaonta Klemen 2, CC3 oli agri long hem. Hem e shoem Huawei mo talem se bifo igat wan bamboo be buluk e kakae everi wan. Ino gat ston o wan kastom pruv long ples we hem e talem.

Kaonta Klemen 1 e shoem wan tabu ston we Lun Vae istap mekem announcement blong planting blong olgeta pipol blong hem mo olgeta nara announcement. Kaonta Klemen 9 hem e talem se ino true. Kaonta Klemen 1 e shoem wan stage blong odinesen we Lun Vae istap odinetem olgeta jif raon long Paama long hem. Hem e talem se Lun Vae hem e odinatem Hiliman mo Tomatmail long stage ia. Kaonta Klemen 9 e talem se stage blong Vuli Tahi hemia Kaonta Klemen 1 e shoem. Stage blong odinesen e stap kolosap long ples blong Vuli Tahi. Long ples ia, igat olgeta ston we oli putum raon mo Kot e luk save se olgeta ston we istap e mekem tu stage. Hemia e sapotem toktok blong Kaonta Klemen 9 se fes stage hem blong Vuli Tahi mo nara wan hem blong odinasen blong olgeta jifs raon long Paama. Kaonta Klemen 1 e shoem wan level ples andap long hill long area blong Nahahoi kolosap long wan stamba blong Namambe tri mo talem se nasara blong Lun Vae. Kaonta Klemen 9 hemi talem se Nakamal blong Lun Vae istap andap yet. Long level ples ia, e nogat eni ston o nara kastom pruv. Kaonta Klemen 9 e askem long Kaonta Klemen 1 se bubu blong hem oli adoptem hem ikam long Takeas nao Kaonta Klemen 1 hem e talem yes folem history blong hem. Andap long Nahahoi, Kaonta Klemen 1 e shoem wan level ples we igat wan hol mo Kaonta Klemen 1 e talem se hol ia hemi blong Nambanga tri we e foldaon finis. Hol ia hemi mark blong Nambanga tri ia. Long area ia igat wan Namele tri mo wan olfala stamba blong Nangaria. Kaonta Klemen 9 hemi no agri long hemia. Kaonta Klemen 1 e shoem wan well mo hemi talem se well ia hemi blong Lun Vae. Kaonta Klemen 9 hemi agri.

Daon long hill lelebet, Kaonta Klemen 1 e shoem wan ples we hemi level lelebet mo hem e talem se ples ia hemi Teiam Nesa olsem namba 2 setelmen blong Hungai Vas. Hem e shoem wan ples mo talem se long ples ia hemi nakamal blong Hungai Vas. Kaonta Klemen 8 mo 9 oli no agri mo talem se nakamal ia ino blong Hungai Vas be hemi wan public nakamal blong tribe blong Takeas, Metano, Rahui, Imali mo olgeta nara nasara long Lulep Nesa. Long ples ia, igat sam level ples be inogat eni kastom pruv blong shoem se man e liv long ples ia bifo.

Kaonta Klemen 8 mo 9 e no shoem eni nara kastom pruv o ples long Nahahoi o long namba 2 ples blong setelmen blong Hungai Vas. Kot ino go wokbaot long boundary blong Rahui mo Imali from inogat man e disputem klem blong tufala ova long boundary blong tufala tribe ia.

Kaonta Klemen 9 e shoem long Ameau wan ples we hem e talem se ples ia nao oli mekem oven blong pem wife blong boe blong hem Tomake Tolan long Ameau. Woman ia nao hem e mama blong Kaonta Klemen 1. Hem e talem se man we e wantem mekem local oven ia hem e bin askem long Lun Vae. Fasin blong askem raet blong mekem oven ia e luk save se graon hemi blong Lun Vae. Hem e shoem grave blong Peter Tue long mission graon mo talem se oli berem hem long mission graon from Peter Tue hemi wan care taker blong jioj. Hemi shoem wan nara grave mo talem se hemi grave blong Pikiare mo talem se oli berem Pikiare long mission graon from hem stap mekem wok blong jioj. Kaonta Klemen 3 hemi talem se Kaonta Klemen 9 hemi kiaman. Hem e shoem wan stamba blong Red Navel tri mo hem e talem se Vuli Tahi istap long ples ia. Hem ino tekem Kot igo luk kastom pruv long Red Navel tri.

Afta long wokbaot ia, Kot e konsiderem olgeta klosing submission blong everi pati.

Kot e finem se Original Klemen mo Kaonta Klemen 2 oli tokbaot sem bladlaen mo tufala e sherem sem kastom identity long nakamal blong Heiviak, nakamal blong Hatulak taem Kot e wokbaot long graon wetem olgeta parties. Original Klemen mo Kaonta Klemen 2 oli blong tribe blong Seath.

Kot e finem se bifo Christianity ikam mo folem kastom loa blong Paama, man taem hemi ded oli berem hem long graon blong hem. Hiliman oli berem hem long Tavoe Tanato mo hemia e shoem se Tavoe Tanato hemi blong Hiliman. Sem graon ia Avock Sengai mo pipol blong hem oli setel long hem. Long ples ia, Kot e finem se tribe blong Seath mo tribe blong Amalveah oli maretem tufala long Tavoe Tanato. Tufala tribe ia oli karem difren nem be tribe blong Seath mo Amal Veah oli wan tribe nomo.

Kot e finem se Utavo hemi tribe blong kastom meresin. Nasara blong Utavo hemi last nasara long Lulep Netan. Tribe blong Utavo e stap andanit long tribe blong Amal Veah from graon we tufala e wok long hem oli fas tugeta. Folem kastom, man blong meresin e no save klem raet blong onasip blong graon be hemi gat raet nom oblong usum graon.

Kot e finem se bladlaen blong Lun Vae we e folem descendant blong Urur mo Umau oli lif yet. Folem kastom loa olgeta nao oli stret man blong klem graon ia Lulep Nesa. Kaonta Klemen 1 from hem klem folem adoption bambae hemi mas go andanit long lif blad. Sipos e nomo gat lif blad blong Lun Vae nao bambae raet igo long Kaonta Klemen 1.

Kot e finem se tribe Imali mo Rahui olgeta oli ol soldia blong Lun Vae nao folem loa blong kastom oli no save karem graon ia Lulep Nesa.

Kot e finem se Hatili e wan tribe we istap andap long hill behaen long Ameau. Hatili inomo gat lif blad. Amal Veah ino askem graon ia Ameau long Mael Atan be Mael Atan e givim graon ia Ameau long Amal Veah. Pig we Amal Veah e givim long Mael Atan e no blong pem graon ia Ameau. Hemi fasin blong kastom blong talem tankiu igo long Mael Atan from graon ia. Folem kastom fasin ia, nao from inomo gat lif blad blong tribe blong long boundary blong Hatili igo long Seath mo Amal Veah.

Kot e finem se klem blong Kaonta Klemen 4, 6, 7 mo 10 oli klem graon we istap aot saed long Lulep nao Kot e sakem klem blong olgeta.

Kot e finem se crik we istap kolosap long SDA jioj mo bifo long Ameau we igo kasem solwota hemi e seperatem Lulep Nesa mo Lulep Netan.

Kot e finem se graon blong Lulep Netan e stat long Taveaho andap long hill long area we TVL tawa istap long hem igo kasem Red Navel long Nanel igo kasem olfala Navel tri we e seraotem Tahi mo Lulep Netan. Nandao tri we Original Klemen e talem andap long hill hemi no boundary blong Lulep Netan. Kam daon long hill folem crik igo long wota sos, kam daon long Touf mo kasem long Ahatsen Tousil folem solwota igo finis long Fati Uru. Andap long hill graon blong Lulep Netan boundary wetem graon blong Tahi, Nou, Voravor, Liro mo Liro Nesa.

Kot e finem se graon blong Lulep Nesa e stat long crik we seperetem Lulep Neta long Lulep Nesa igo andap folem Touf igo long wota sos kasem long Navel tri. Andap long hill Lulep Nesa e fas wetem boundary blong Tahi, Tevali, Tevaliaot mo fas wetem boundary blong Noaikot igo daon long solwota long sista ston blong Vati Uru we e makem boundary bloong Lulep Nesa mo Noaikot.

Kot e talem aot se kastom ona blong Lulep Netan hemi Original Klemen, Kaonta Klemen 2 mo Kaonta Klemen 3 from oli wan nomo.

Kot e talem aot se kastom ona blong Lulep Nesa hemi Kaonta Klemen 9 we hemi descendant blong Urur mo olgeta descendant blong Umau olsem Parine, Alivet mo Willie Vava from oli stret pikinini blong Hungai Vas. Olgeta kastom ona blong Lulep Nesa e mas luk save tribe blong Rahui, Imali Metano mo olgeta nara tribe we istap insaed long graon blong Lulep Nesa. Kastom ona le mas luk save olgeta nasara mo boundary we ol olfala blong bifo e putum blong Imali, Rahui, Metano, Takeas mo olgeta nara nasara we istap insaed long kastom graon ia Lulep Nesa.

Kaonta Klemen 5 hem igat raet blong usum graon insaed long Lulep Netan. Kastom ona blong Lulep Netan e mas luk save tribe blong Utavo mo ples blong wok blong olgeta we ol olfala oli putum bifo finis istap.

.................. Jastis Roy Morsen	........................ Jastis Mohil Lovuwesisi
....................... Jastis Joshua Tomatran	..................... Laloyer. A Acting Jif Majistret

Island Courts of Vanuatu

Onis v Vae [2020] VUIC 5; Land Case 443 of 2017 (6 October 2020)