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Kaltonga v Kalsakau [2015] VUIC 7; [2015] VUICB 1; Land Kes 02 of 1996 (20 February 2015)

INSAED EFATE AELAN KOT
BLONG RIPABLIK BLONG VANUATU
(Land Jurisdiksen)


Land Kes no.2 blong 1996


BITWIN:


Richard Kaltonga long bihaf blong family Sope
Orijinal klema


MO:


Steven Kalsakau long bihaf blong family Kalsakau
Kaonta Klema 1


MO:


Kalmanu Bakokoto long bihaf blong family Bakokoto
Kaonta Klema 2


MO:


Mahit Kalourai long bihaf blong family Saurei
Kaonta Klema 3


MO:


Royva Kalorib long bihaf blong family Maramara
Kaonta Klema 4


MO:


Henry Crowby long bihaf blong family Narewo
Kaonta klema 5


Koram: Magistrate Edwin A Macreveth
Aelan Kot Jastis Daniel Frank
Aelan Kot Jastis Eddie Karis
Aelan Kot Jastis Harry Joshua


Klak: Christina Shedrack


Deit blong desisen: 20 Februare, 2015


JIAJMEN


Kraon we i stap long dispute i bin regista long kot ia long yia 1996 wetem nem ia Biritano mo Sumalapa. Kraon ia hemi situeted long eria blong Malapoa point. Afta we orijinal klema i bin mekem pablisiti long kraon ia, i kat 4 pati i faelem wan kaonta klem. Evri pati i stap klemem onasip blong tufala land ia. Isiu blong kot ia i blong faenem se whu nao hemi stret kastom ona blong kraon ia we I stap long dispute.


Bandri we I stap long dispute folem advetaesmen


Bandri blong kraon ia i stat long rod we I ko antap long hil klosap long stoa blong Fiandre, folem raf rod I ko antap long hil mo tanem ko long raet folem niufala rod I kasem tawa . Afta, I aot bakeken I folem niu rod I ko long not kasem kona we I tanem mo ron I ko daon kasem fanis blong Bourgeois long westen saed. Ale, I ron folem rod blong trak bakeken I ko kasem De Gallande Estate long saot west. I aot bakeken I ko ist folem waet rod I ko antap kasem haos blong Noel Vari antap long hil mo I ron cros stret i ko daon joen bakeken long rod long Fiandre stoa. Kraon ia I kaveremap, sam pat blong Biritano, Sumalapa mo Tegaru. Rifea long map we hemi ataj long desisen ia blong karem moa ditel blong bandri limit blong kraon ia we Aelan kot I bin advetaesem long yia 1996.


(Editors Note:- Map we hemi ataj long desisen bae istap long PDF kopi antap)


Bifo yumi lukluk long storian blong kes ia, mo blong karem gud andastandin long jiajmen ia, kot i stap presentem wan brif diskasen blong olgeta releven loa, mo kastom proces mo yus blong kraon long eria we dispute I stap long hem.


Loa, kastom mo histri


Hemia nao olgeta faending long saed blong ol kastom fasin blong akwairem mo yusum kraon we i beis long kastom blong man Efate.


Loa blong kantri long saed blong onasip blong kraon


Atikel 73 blong 1980 Konstitusen i talem se evri kraon long Ripablik blong Vanuatu hemi blong ol indigenes kastom ona wetem olgeta desendant. Atikel 74 I se rule blong kastom nao bae i fomem besis blong onasip mo yus blong kraon long Vanuatu. Atikel 75 I rid se olgeta indigenous citizen nomo blong Ripablik blong Vanuatu we oli akwaerem kraon blong olgeta tru long wan rikonaes kastomeri land tenua system oli kat pepertuel onasip blong kraon blong olgeta. Mo Atikel 95(3) i stetem se kastomeri loa bae i kontiniu blong aplae olsem pat blong loa blong kantri.


Seksen 10 blong Aelan Kot Act, I stap rimaendem kot ia, mo tok olsem se sabjek long olgeta provisen blong act ia, Aelan Kot i save aplaem kastomeri loa blong wan teritoriel jurisdiksen blong kot ia, mo mekem sua se kastom praktis ia i no kontradiktim eni loa we oli raetem mo hemi no ko akensem jastis, moraliti, mo gud oda.


Kastom praktis mo rule we i fomem besis blong onasip mo yus blong kraon long eria blong dispute.


Onasip blong kraon hemi komunal bes long wan komon descent, residens insaed wan nasara or farea mo patisipesen long olgeta komon activiti. Onasip blong kraon I folem laen blong man. Histri I talem se system blong Naflak I tes kamaot nomo long taem blong jif Roimata we hemi bes long bladlaen blong woman. Wan man o woman we I bon I karem o registarem hem long sem naflak blong mama. Kraon hemi no pas tru long naflak be hemi folem patrilineal laen blong man.


Hemi wan komon praktis se fes man we hemi explorem, liv, mekem karen, bildim wan nasara mo kat kontrol long wan teritori blong kraon hem nao kastom ona blong ples ia. Evri memba blong traeb blong hem i onem andivaeded interes long kraon olsem perpetual raet blong okupaem mo yusum kraon.


Wan hae jif hemi kat kontrol mo otoriti ova ol smol jif long eria blong hem mo long evri sosol afea we i save hapen insaed long teritori we hemi kavenem. Kastom jif I representem kastom bandri blong land we hem, ol smol jif mo pipol blong hem I liv mo wok long hem. Hemi jif blong traeb blong hem mo hemi kastodien blong land bandri. Taem hemi muv from wan ples I ko long narawan mo setel, hemi putum ol nasara wetem ol nem blong olgeta.


Onasip blong kraon hemi transfea o inherited folem bladlaen blong man (patrilineal system). Sapos kastom ona I ded, kastom land onasip I transfea I ko long seken brata blong hem. Be sapos ol laen blong kastom ona I no kat boe, ale bae onasip I save transfea I ko long boe blong fes bon sista blong kastom ona.


Histri I soem se, ol bandri blong ol kastom kraon I mak wetem olgeta naturel envaramen olsem ol wud, reva, crik, hil, ston mo samtaem ol samting we man I crietem.


Wetem ol besik andastandin blong olgeta kastom prosija ia mo loa blong kantri, kot i nao presentem evidens blong wanwan pati.


Orijinal Klema


Richard Kaltonga long klem blong hem i talem se kraon we i stap long dispute hemi tradisenol kraon blong klan Naflak Nmal (faev lif yam). Family Manpanga nao i bin stap wok long olgeta eria ia long taem bifo i kam. I kat trifala brata, Kalchichi, Kakau mo Kaltanak long wan saed mo Kalorongoa Sope mo kasen sista blong hem Leiruku we hemi maret long Kalchichi Bakokoto.


Afta sam yia blong kaltivesen long kraon ia, i bin kat smol raorao mekem se ol olfala i disaed blong serem kraon ia bitwin trifala sista.Sherin blong kraon i bin stap bitwin Jimata woman blong Manpanga Bakokoto mo tufala sista Leinamasu waef blong Sope mo Toukolau we hemi woman blong Kaltangi Langi. Mama blong tufala hemi Bakenu.


From se tufala nara sista i bin ded finis long taem blong serem kraon, mekem se Jimata i bin mekem sua se evri pikinini i kat ikwel sea. Ol pikinini blong Jimata i kat Kakau, Kaltanak mo Kalchichi. Tufala pikinini blong Toukolau i kat Leiruku mo Kaltangi mo pikinini blong Leinamasu we hemi Kalorongoa Sope. Olgeta ia i kam long sem klan. Kalrongoa Sope i bin kivim wan pis kraon long waef blong Solome Tabeti mo also kivim nara pis kraon long Kaltonga Matoutorua mo Kalmet Balau Kalterikia.


Hemi ko on blong talem se, dispute i bin kirap nomo from Kalpeau Kalsakau i bin ko ova long bandri blong Kalorongoa Sope insaed kraon blong Biritano. I bin kat atempt blong traem solvem isiu ia be i no save solve from Kalpeau hemi family blong jif Kalsakau.


Long saed blong kraon blong Tegaru, hemi stetem se olgeta nao olsem ol descendant blong woman ia Bakenu i wok long hem bifo i kam.Oli klemem kraon ia tru long papa Kalorongoa Sope. Hemi akiu se, olgeta descendant blong Bakenu we oli klem tru long Kalsakau oli no kat raet long kraon ia. Family Kalsakau olsem Kalpeau i no kat eni bladlaen coneksen wetem Bakenu.


Bakenu i bin muv i kam from Rangorango mo setel long Biritano mo Tegaru. Hemi then muv i ko long Ifira wetem tufala sista blong hem Toupuk mo Toubakevu, be oli no kat pikinini. Bakenu hemi namba tri woman blong Makaurei, tufala gel blong hem I kat Leinamasu mo Toukolau. Family Kalorongoa Sope nao we hemi liv long taem ia, ol olfala i bin kivim raet long hem se ol man we i wantem wok long tufala kraon ia i mas askem pemisen long hem. Oli bin kivim wan kastom nem ia Launibau.


Long saed blong Sumalapa kraon, naflak blong olgeta i onem tu bifo oli muv i ko long Ifira. Hemi talem se kraon ia tufala franis man i bin klemem from mani we jif Kalsakau i bin kaon long hem blong pemaot sam kaon blong hem.Be Kalorongoa nao i bin stopem olgeta blong developem ples ia.Condominium kavman i wantem bildim wan radio transmita, family Kalorongoa nao i bin alawem kavman blong putum transmita.


Hemi provaedem wan family tri we i soem olgeta eli ancesta blong hem i kam kasem presen generesen.Long taem blong kwestin, hemi talem se jif mo kaonsel blong Ifira I bin woakabaot long kraon ia finis mo disaed se bandri hemi blong family Sope.


Witnes, Tapalu Lauru I talem se hemi pikinini blong Toukolau we hemi pikinini blong Leiruku kasen sista blong Kalorongoa Sope. Hemi stap sapotem klem blong Richard Kaltonga se hemia I folem histri we trifala papa blong olgeta Kalchichi, Tapangai mo Kaltonga Sope I bin talem. Eria blong Sumalapa, Biritano mo Tegaru hemi ples blong Bakenu. Olgeta desendant blong hem tru long Kalorongoa mo Leiruku nao I wokem karen mo kat raet blong onem ples ia. Hemi akiu se, kraon ia kaonsel blong jif blong Ifira I bin wokabaot mo mekem wan desisen long hem finis. Be Kalpeau Kalsakau I no save rispektem desisen ia mekem se I kat dispute I kam long Kot.


Witeu Sope pikinini blong Tapangai Sope hemi kivim semfala toktok olsem fesfala witnes. Long taem blong kwestin, olgeta witnes I bin talem se oli bin stap folem ol parents blong olgeta I ko wok long Karen long disputed land ia araon 1960 – 1970.
Klema ia long taem blong wokabaot long kraon I bin soem bandri we hemi klem.


Kaonta Klema 1


Family Kalsakau insaed stetmen blong hem i stap talem se George Kaltoi Sigari Kalsakau, hemi jif blong Naflak Teveke (nawita). Hemi klem se, family Kalsakau nao hemi stret kastom ona blong kraon blong Malapoa, Kaweriki, Tegaru, Sumalapa mo Biritano.


Oli oposem klem blong Richard Kaltonga, mo stresem se hemi no kat eni kastom raet long kraon ia.Blong sapotem klem blong olgeta oli bin fowodem olgeta agrimen mo infomesen ia.


  1. Wan correspondence leta (Anexja C) we i karem deit blong 19 Maj, 1970 we wan veterinaire i bin raetem i ko long John Kalsakau rigadem olgeta buluk we oli bin famem long kraon ia.
  2. Wan agrimen blong condominium kavman (Anexja D) i putum sam radio mast long kraon blong Sumalapa. Family Kalsakau nao i bin saenem agrimen ia wetem kavman.
  3. Family Kalsakau i bin raetem wan leta we i karem deit blong 17 disemba, 1965 i ko long Mr Lefa we hemi British Likel advaesa konsenem kraon blong Sumalapa we ol ancesta blong olgeta i onem mo yusum blong mekem karen.
  4. Wan nara miting i bin tekem ples bitwin ol representatif blong tufala colonial kavman mo George K S wetem John Kalsakau blong putum sam radio masts long Malapoa.
  5. Tri negosiesen leta blong manis May, 1987 we oli bin sentem i ko long family Kalsakau i stap rifea long Malapoa transmita saet.

Witnes, Naru Kalpeau Kalsakau long stetmen blong hem I talem se kraon ia Kaweriki, Tegaru, Sumalapa mo Biritano hemi ples we ol bubu blong hem olsem, Teriki Graham Kalsakau II, John Malokusa, Kaltava Michael, Jack Makau, George Kaltoi Sigari mo papa blong olgeta Teriki Tarimata mo bubu blong hem Kalpokoro Makaurei I bin wok long hem bifo finis I kam. Richard Kaltonga I tes ko wok mo liv long hem nomo long 1972.


Hemi se, Richard I bin wantem mekem haos long eria ia, ale papa blong hem I bin protes be orijinal klema I bin kontiniu blong bildim haos. Also, long ples ia ol papa blong hem I bin fidim buluk long hem folem pruf blong wan leta we Mr Valin wan Veterinaire inspecta I bin sentem I ko long ol family Kalsakau we I karem deit 19 Maj, 1970. Leta ia I stap long fael olsem Anexja C.


Hemi ko on blong konfem se, long 1965 ol family Kalsakau I bin saenem wan agrimen wetem condominium kavman blong oli putum ol radio mast long eria blong Malapoa.


Witnes Kalpokor Kalsakau mo Ephraim Kalsakau I bin prodiusum olgeta sem stetmen mo mentenem ol toktok blong olgeta long taem blong examinesen.


Klema ia long taem blong wokabaot I bin aedentifaem bandri we hemi klem.ol eria ia I includim, Kaweriki, Tegaru, Biritano mo Sumalapa. Hemi also soem ples (klosap long haos blong Richard Kaltonga) we hemi klem se hemi ples blong nasara blong jif Makaurei. Be kot I no save witnesim eni fisikol rimen blong nasara ia olsem stone, namale tri o sam narafala naturel samting.


Kaonta Klema 2


Kalman Bakokoto hemi klem folem patrilineal laen blong jif Bakokoto. Hemi talem se Biritano mo Sumalapa hemi wan Poumaso blong olgeta kastom propati blong jif Bakokoto olsem kastomeri ona blong tufala kraon ia. Family Bakokoto i bin presen long olgeta kot siting blong ol kraon ia tu olsem Tamau, Eleo, Valea, Tagabe, Saltolu, Sorofanga, Tupura mo Marope.


Hemi akiu se Sumalapa hemi ples we jif Bakokoto i stap mekem olgeta poteri aot long red kraon. I kat ol kastom aedentity blong jif mo olgeta descendant blong hem. Hemi listim olgeta olsem:


  1. Marae Malasi- nakamal blong jif Bakokoto, jif Manpaga mo jif Bakaulu
  2. Vatmala- Kev we jif i liv long hem taem hemi stap muv araon
  1. Sumalapa- ples we oli mekem kastom danis long hem bifo
  1. Biritano- we i minim tufala leia blong kraon. Feswan hemi red we oli yusum blong moldem poteri mo seken wan hemi blong mekem karen.

Jif Bakokoto hemi kat kastom totem (god) Munuwai mo olgeta Maau (waria). Hemi ko on blong listim olgeta kastom nem o ples wetem minin blong olgeta.Lukim long list blong hem (a-k). Hemi listim tu olgeta kastom land mak blong jif Bakokoto. (Lukim andanit 10) long stetmen blong hem.


Hemi listim 9 generesen blong hem we hemi soem sam nem we orijinal klema i bin mensenem olgeta olsem Jimata waef blong Manpanga mo ol narafala ancesta kam kasem generesen blong tudei.


Long taem blong kwestin, hemi talem se kraon blong Sumalapa mo Biritano Manpanga mo brata blong hem I bin kivim long sam family blong Ifira olsem wan pumaso. Hemi bin listim sam long olgeta family we I bin risivim ol kraon ia we sam oli no pati long kes ia. Hemi pointemaot se long fasin blong kastom bae family Bakokoto I no save klemem back tufala kraon ia bakeken.


Pastor Russel Bakokoto I testifae se grand bubu blong hemi Kakau we papa blong hem I fes bon boe blong jif Manpanga we hemi fes bon boe blong jif Bakokoto. Jif Bakokoto nao hemi tru mi stret Natatoko kastom jif mo kastodien blong Biritano mo Sumalapa land teritori. Tufala land ia oli fomem pat blong bigfala land bandri we jif Bakokoto I kontrol mo onem bifo. Olgeta family blong Bakokoto I bin liv mo mekem karen long eria I kam kasem tudei.


Long cross examination hemi kliarem se jif Bakokoto hemi no wan paramaon jif bat wan jif we I kat olgeta nasaras blong bandri land mak we I stap bifo I exist kasem tudei. Hemi acknolejem se I kat olgeta nara jif olsem Maramara, Narewo, mo ol narawan we I kat ol nasara long Ifira. Jif Kalsakau ol misinari mo pipol i tes odenem hem i kam wan paramaon jif blong pipol blong Ifira komunity. Bifo I nogat paramount jif long Ifira.


Lele Bakokoto hemi produsim semfala stetmen olsem fes witnes. Hemi explenem long taem blong kwestin se, ol deed blong salem kraon we I stap long ricod bifo indipendens oli no valid from I no bin kat propa aedentifikesen blong olgeta kastom ona blong kraon. Eni man we I klem se hemi kastom ona I save salem kraon long eni forena. Long conclusen, hemi explenem se long kastom blong man Efate, man I klemem onasip blong kraon tru long patrilineal laen blong man nomo.


Klema ia long taem blong wokabaot I bin jenisim toktok blong hem mo talem se kraon we hemi bin kivim olsem pumaso long olgeta family includim sam long ol klema I stap aotsaed long disputed eria blong Biritano. Oli also soem wan cave we oli kolem se Vatmalapa we ol nara pati I save long hem.


Kaonta Klema 3


Kalourai Mahit long presentesen blong hem, hemi stap klem se kraon we orijinal klema I bin advetaesem I ovalap long bandri I ko insaed tradisonal land eria blong Matantopua. Hemi se pat blong kraon ia kot I bin diklerem finis long feva blong family Saurei hemia long kes no. 1 blong 1996.


Histri blong hem I soem se, I kat 6 generesen we I bin explorem ples ia, mo liv bifo I kam mo mekem karen kasem tudei. James Fiandre mo Marakia Saurei nao I bin liv mo mekem karen long eria ia samtaem long yia 1956.Hemi klem se, olsem stret kastom ona blong ples ia, family Saurei nao I bin saenem wan agrimen wetem Unelco blong ranem wota mo elektrisity I ko long eria blong Matantopua.


Hemi provaedem wan family tri we I laenem fes orijinal ancesta Lovilovi mo tresem I kasem presen generesen.Hemi mentenem long cros examinesen, se kraon we oli disputim hemi kraon blong Jif Bakokoto we hemi wan waria mo hemi kam long sem naflak blong jif Maramara.


Henry Saurei, I talem long kot se family tri blong family Saurei I tru mo corect. Smol pat blong kraon we I stap long dispute hemi kastom kraon blong traeb Varakali, mo olgeta nao I kastom ona. Ol bubu blong olgeta I bin mekem karen long taem bifo long eria ia olsem pat blong Matantopua.


John Fiandre we I liv long Matantopua i talem se ples we hemi liv long hem, olfala Kalorisu Saurei I bin kivim long Nanin bifo 1940 olsem wan pumaso folem olgeta help we apu Nanin I bin stap provaedem long olfala ia. Bandri we olfala Kalorisu I kivim i stat long bambu hemia narasaed Presbyterian jioj I ko antap kasem ples blong olfala Jimmy Simon hemia long wan krismas tri. Ale i kros I ko kasem fanis blong radio Malapoa bifo I ko daon kasem men rod long bigfala rok oposit Malapoa College.


Klema ia long taem blong wokabaot I bin soem bandri we hemi klem.


Kaonta Klema 4


Histri blong hem i stap provaedem se, jif Maramara I bon samtaem long ol yia 1800. Araon 1845 ol fes misinari I kasem soa blong Erakor mo Pango. Long olgeta taem ia jif Maramara mo Narewo I exist finis. Hemia I stap araon taem blong Reverend John Mackenzie. Long 1874 jif Narewo Marik Atlangi I salem kraon ia Lackanaporo (Anambru) i ko long James Row. Kalsakau I bon araon 1880.


Long Septemba 1881, jif Maramara I salem kraon ia Maltauriki I ko long Ferdinand Rodin we hemi taetol # 53. Long Disemba, 1881 Kori Papau Manu brata blong jif Maramara I salem wan pat blong Port Vila taon taetol # 81 I ko long Chevillard Zoepfell. Long Februare, 1882, jif Narewo mo Maramara I salem Malanapoana I ko long Donald Macloed. Ale long 1883 Mansa brata blong jif Maramara I salem wan pat blong Malapoa we oli kolem Tercreigh we I karem taetol # 27 I ko long John Hinginson long bihaf blong CCNH. Jif Maramara I salem nara pat blong Malapoa we oli kolem Terrain Rocher Lecamine I ko long Ferdinand Rodin hemia taetol # 34. Ferdinan Rodin I bin pem taetol # 53 we oli kolem Maltauriki.


Jif Maramara mo brata blong hem Mansa I bin ded samtaem bitwin 1884-1890. Bodi blong jif Maramara oli bin perem long Wanagere land.Kori Papau Manu I ded long Ifira. Long 1884 Taripakoa I kam jif blong Ifira Tenuku afta ded blong jif Maramara kasem 1908. Long ded blong hem Taritama Kalsakau I tekem ples blong hem olsem jif mo taetol ia folem ol laen blong Kalsakau kasem tudei.


Jif Maramara hemi traeb Temalu. Hemi bin stap kontrolem wan bigfala eria blong kraon we I kaveremap Tefkau, Wanagere, Maltauriki, Malapoa, Natoika. Long Ifira I kat Troroi, Salpadi mo Malsinu. Jif Maramara I kat wan klosap rilesensip wetem jif Narewo Marik Atlangi. Tufala I bin stap kat kontrol mo muv araon long olgeta eria blong Buffa, Emalpako, Malulapa kasem Malapoa point. Long taem blong ruling blong hem wetem ol waria blong hem oli bin kilim ded Manrea blong Rantabau, Mosa blong Eratap mo Kaljikoto blong Ifira. Aot long Malapoa hemi kam long Wanagere I ko long Maltauriki afta I pas I ko long Natoika(Waraloa) mo ko setel long Malvakalo ples we hemi setemap marae (nakamal) blong hem hemia long Ifira.


Hemi no akri wetem ol klem blong orijinal klema mo family Kalsakau. Hemi riferem kot ia I ko long olgeta past desisen we kot ia I bin mekem long saed blong family tri mo nara infomesen we oli bin presentem we I difren long hemia we oli stap presentem long kes ia. Mifala I listim olgeta andanit.


Respond blong hem long klem blong Family Kalsakau.


Hemi riferem kot I ko long Kes no. 1 blong 1993 we hemi abaot dispute blong kraon blong Marope. Jiajmen ia I bin mensenem se long buk ia History of the three flags we George Kaltoi Sigari Kalsakau I bin raetem, I stetem se Rev J.W. Mackenzie nao I bin odenem Tiza Kalsakau olsem wan jif long 1908. Kalsakau hemi no wan jif. I kat wan nara document we I stap konfemem storian ia, se Presbyterian misinari nao I bin odenem Kalsakau olsem wan jif. Long kes ia kot I bin kivim family kalsakau wan raet blong pepertual raet blong okupae, yus mo enjoem kraon blong Marope.


Storian ia I feta konfem tru long Mantoi Kalsakau taem hemi bin talem long taem blong kot ia long pej 12 paragraph 3 se, Apu Kalsakau (Tarimata Kalsakau) I bin saenem ol pepa blong Act of sale hemi blong soem otoriti blong hem olsem jif, be I no kraon o olsem kastom ona.


Hemi akiu se ol nem blong family Kalsakau olsem Makaurei, Tarimata oli no stap apia long olgeta eli did blong sale blong land. Hemia I soem se laen blong family Kalsakau I no wan jif mo oli no kastom ona blong kraon we I stap long dispute.


Nara infomesen long kot kes ia storian I soem se Makaurei I maretem Kaitamama we hemi wan riletif blong jif Narewo. Mo tu long nara land kes blong Eleo ol Kalsakau I klem se Makaurei I maretem Leisingi we hemi dota blong jif blong Pango. Olgeta stetmen olsem I stap indiketem se family Kalsakau I no sua mo putum kwestin I stap long family tri blong hem.


Hemi kontiniu blong explenem, se wetem niu taetol we Kalsakau I karem I putum Tarimata I kam olsem wan paramaon jif blong Ifira. Mekem se long saed blong olgeta diling blong ol kraon long eria blong Port Vila mo olgeta saraonding eria, hemi kat bigfala influens blong disaed long olgeta kaen developmen mo yus blong olgeta kraon. Plante taem hemi tekem se hem nao hemi kastom ona blong kraon. Fact ia I klia, from se long 17 Novemba, 1911 NH Joint kot I bin agri blong aloketem 12 hecta blong kraon I ko long Ifira komunity from problem blong land shotej. Jif Kalsakau nao I bin toktok from risev land blong ol pipol blong Ifira.


Mo tu olgeta 326 hecta blong kraon blong Laknaporo land we jif Narewo I onem mo salem long James Row long 1874 SFNH, NH Joint Kot long 1930 I bin disaed tu blong kivim bak 326 pasel blong land I ko long Ifira komunity.
Copi blong olgeta diferen kot jiajmen mo agrimen blong salem kraon klema ia I bin provaedem long kot ia.


Norman Kalterekia I witnes, se kraon blong Biritano mo Sumalapa hemi kastom kraon blong jif Maramara mo olgeta descendant blong hem. Hemi bin sevei mo karem taetol long sam pat blong kraon ia finis. Hem se papa blong hem Kalai Norman Kalterekia hemi Naflak Teveke (nawita) mo hemi kamaot long laen blong jif Maramara we hemi laen Temalu ( yam). Hem tu I wok long kraon we I stap long dispute. Ples we family Maramara i stap klem hemi olfala taetol # 34 mo 27.


Klema ia I bin fesem plante akiumen se, hemi no wan bladlaen blong jif Maramara. Long Kastom bae hemi no save klemem kraon from apu man blong hem Alick Agele we hemi wan netif blong Epi aelan we I bin maretem Toumara. Hemi no disputim fact ia mo klem se hemi stil pat blong bladlaen blong jif Maramara.


Kaonta Klema 5


Klema ia I stap klem ful bandri we I stap long dispute. Bilif mo histri blong hem I talem se kraon ia I blong orijinal kastom ona we hemi jif Narewo. Afta we jif Manarewo I ded jif Maramara I bin tekem ples blong hem olsem jif blong Ifira Tenuku mo rulum land ia. Afta long ded blong Maramara, Tawara we hemi karem jifli taetol Taripakoa I inheritim hem. Ale taem hem i ded, misinari Rev. J. W. Mackenzie I wetem pipol I odenem Tarimata Kalsakau I kam jif blong komunity blong Ifira.


Folem odinesen blong hem ia, family Kalsakau oli bin stap tekem se olgeta nao I bigfala jif mo kastom ona blong olgeta kraon. Hemi kliarem se long reality family Kalsakau I no kamaot long laen blong wan laen blong jif.


Hemi ko on blong explenem family tri blong hem mo relesensip we I soem coneksen blong hem wetem jif Narewo.


Long 04/09/ 1874 jif Narewo Marik Atlangi I salem kraon ia Laknaporo (Anambru) i ko long James Row.Kraon ia Joint Kot blong Niu Hebrides I bin rikodem mo registarem.Olgeta land eria blong Sumalapa mo Biritano I stap insaed long kraon we jif Narewo I onem we i karem olfala taetol # 57G.Olgeta kraon ia oli bin divaedem i ko long plante family long Ifira blong mekem karen long hem sins 1940 I kam kasem tudei.


Jif Narewo Marik Atlangi hemi bigfala jif antap long Rangorango. Hemi kontrolem olgeta nasara ia olsem, Rangorango, Farea Tapu, Tapusu, Iliopo, Laketavariki, Meteanairiki, Talitau, Banganivita, Ione Marope, Lukuo, Matekapu, Taturu mo Malpakoa. Hemi explenem se long fasin blong kastom jif nao I kastom ona blong kraon. Hemi yet I aloketem kraon long olgeta pipol blong hem. Ol pipol blong hem we I yusum kraon I kivim kakai I ko bak long big jif folem kastom rispek we oli kolem Nasautonga.


Hemi talem se, tudei Teriki Paunimanu Mantoi Kalsakau hemi lukaotem ol land eria we jif Narewo I bin stap kontrolem bifo. Be family Kalsakau oli no tru ona blong kraon folem kastom.Rev J.W.Mackenzie nomo I mekem Tarimata Kalsakau I kam jif blong komunity blong Ifira folem save blong hem we hemi tekem long Tangoa Training Institute (TTI) hemia long saot Santo.


Blong konfemem family tri blong hem, hemi bin riferem kot I ko long stetmen blong ol klema insaed land kes blong Marope. George Kano long pej 191 I talem se nasara Malpakoa hemi blong jif Narewo Marik Atlangi. George Mantoi Kalsakau I bin talem long kot se long buk we oli kolem the History of the three flags (Exhibit 4-pej 27 long namba 3 paragraph I talem se nasara blong jif Marik Atlangi hemi Malpakoa.Jif Nunu Naperik Mala I bin talem long kot ia se Leitakae hemi tru dota blong jif Marik Atlangi hemi long pej 22 paragraph 9.


Klema ia, I mentenem statemen blong hem, se Tarimata kalsakau I no wan kastom jif. Olgeta misinari mo pipol blong Ifira nomo I tes electem hem I kam wan jif blong komunity.Hemi talem se folem sam risej blong olgeta afta long desisen blong Marope land, oli bin faenemaot se jif Narewo I kat 4 pikinini we I kat olgeta desendant we I laef tudei tru long laen blong woman mo man. Hemi talem tu se I kat ol narafala kraon we jif Narewo mo pikinini blong hem I bin salem long olgeta eli treda tru long olgeta deed blong sale we hemi bin fowodem long Kot.


Pati ia tu I bin fesem plante akiumen se, hemi no wan bladlaen blong jif Narewo from grand pupu blong hem Grube i man Germany mo long Kastom mo loa bae hemi no save klemem kraon. Hemi no disputim fact ia mo explenem se hemi bilif se hemi kat bladlaen koneksen long jif Narewo mo hemi stap klem long bihaf blong ol descendant.


Witnes Alick Kalmelu, I stap confem se hemi wan tru descendant blong jif Narewo Marik Atlangi we hemi kastom ona blong kraon we I stap insaed olfala taetol we oli kolem 57G. Hemi bin ansarem gud olgeta kwestin wetem compitens se kraon I mas ko bak long olgeta true kastom jif. Kalsakau I no wan kastom jif mo olgeta I no kat kraon long disputed eria.


Kalmaling Mangawai, I witnes se hemi wan descendant blong jif Narewo Marik Atlangi. Hemi stap talem tu long Kot se I kat sam pat blong kraon we I stap long dispute I stap insaed olfala taetol 57G. Olgeta kraon insaed long taetol ia, oli orijinali kastom kraon blong jif Narewo.


ANALYSIS BLONG EVIDENS MO FAENDING


Insaed kes ia, hemi klia se plante long olgeta klema I stap klem ol pis kraon we olgeta bubu blong olgeta I bin stap wok long hem araon 1930 I kam kasem tudei. Ale afta we ol yia I pas olgeta family we I wok long ples ia I disaed blong bildim olgeta haos, lisim olgeta kraon mo mekem sam narafala developmen long disputed eria ia. Folem olgeta developmen ia mo influens blong cash economy I kam antap mekem se olgeta occupant blong kraon I stat blong raorao from samfala I wok bitim aloketed eria blong olgeta I ko insaed long eria blong nara family.


Hemi impoten tumas se, one klema I mas pruvum long kot kastom kavening system we pipol blong Efate I yusum, bat espeseli nao pipol blong Ifira we I bin stap praktisim bifo I kam mo oli rikonaesem olsem tradisenol land tenua system. Hemia I minim se, wan klema I mas pruvum long kot ia se hemi orijinet long wan laen blong jif we hemi onem kraon wetem pipol blong hem. Hemi mas explenem long kot wetem evidens, se orijinal ancesta blong hem i fes man we I explorem, kontrolem, liv mo kat nasara o marae long kraon ia bifo ol nara traeb o family I joen blong setel.


Kot I faenemaot tu se I kat plante infomesen we ol pati I tekemaot long olgeta kot blong kraon we I pas finis. Kot bae I save admitim ol kaen infomesen olsem nomo sapos kes we oli refea long hem I no stap long apil.


Yumi lukluk long validity blong olgeta deed blong salem kraon mo olgeta lis taetol.Olgeta deed blong salem kraon we I bin hapen bifo administresen blong condominium kavman, mo hemi we I tekem ples afta indipendens. Ol instrument we I hapen bifo olsem long ol yia 1800 I kam, kot i akseptem olgeta olsem ol valid transaksen . Mo sapos, I kat objeksen I kam long olgeta oposing pati blong talem se ol land sel transaksen ia I bin obten tru long ol kruket fasin olsem fraud, mistake, misrepresentesen mo olgeta nara irregular fasin, ale oli mas provaedem ol evidens blong pruvum ol toktok olsem.


Kot I kat infomesen se ol jif blong bifo I wok folem jifly straja blong olketa. Evri hae jif blong olgeta difren bandi I kat sapot long wanwan, long evri kastom mo sosol activity. Sem relesensip ia oli adoptem mo applaem tu long saed blong salem kraon.Wan exampol, we mifala I notem se, Jif narewo I bin witne long sam sel blong kraon blong ol fren jif blong hem long nara pat blong Efate. Hemia I stap pikjarem control mo kastom kavening system we oli bin stap praktisim bifo setting up blong propa administration blong tufala colonial kavman long 1906.

Evidens long visit blong kraon


Hemia olgeta obsevesen mo faending blong kot long taem blong wokabaot long kraon.


Wetem olgeta obsevesen, visit I ko long kraon wetem konsideresen blong olgeta evidens we olgeta pati I presentem long traebunal ia, bae mifala I presentem posisen blong wanwan klema folem oda blong apiarens blong olgeta.


Posisen blong Orijinal Klema


Klema ia I stap klem tru long laen blong woman ia Bakenu we hemi namba tri woman blong Makaurei, tufala gel blong hem Leinamasu mo Toukolau.


  1. Kwestin we kot bae I lukluk long hem hemi weta bae hemi kat raet blong onem kraon folem kastom o nokat.Long Kastom blong man Efate, woman o olgeta laen blong hem I no save klemem onasip blong kraon sapos I kat olgeta laef blad blong laen blong man. Long kes ia, hemi stap klem tru woman ia Bakenu.Woman ia Jimata I no kat raet long kastom blong serem kraon. Hemia hemi kastom diuty blong wan man o jif blong wan land bandri blong aloketem ol pis kraon long olgeta memba blong traeb blong hem.
  2. Hemi no save pruvum long kot ia se olgeta ancesta blong hem oli bin explorem mo okupaem ples ia bifo I kam. Evidens I soem se ol family blong hem I tes okupaem ples ia blong mekem karem afta long 1930. Hemia afta we Joint Kot I disaed blong kivim back ples ia I ko long pipol blong Ifira I yusum olsem wan risef land.
  3. Klema ia I no kat olgeta kastom aedentity olsem nasara, ol olfala tri we ol ancesta blong hem I planem long eria ia. Hemi no save soem wan kastom bandri mak.
  4. Nara infomesen we I no sapotem klem blong hem I soem se long 04/09/ 1874 jif Narewo Marik Atlangi I salem kraon ia Laknaporo i ko long James Row.I kat question I stap se sapos kraon I blong Bakenu mo ol descendant blong hem, be wae nao oli no bin toktok from kraon ia.Sel transaksen blong kraon ia I wan solid pruf we I stand akensem klem blong onasip blong hem.
  5. Be Kot I satisfae se, wan nara memba blong Sope family I bin klem long kes blong Marope land. Mo kot I bin kivim hem raet blong yusum kraon. Family tri blong hem kot ia I bin akseptem mo confem finis we I linkim hem wetem family laen blong jif Narewo.

Wetem olgeta diskasen ia antap, bae kot hemi grantem wan raet blong yusum kraon nomo long orijinal klema.


Posisen blong Kaonta Klema 1


  1. Klem blong family Kalsakau hemi bes long patrilinial laen blong Malokusa. Hemia I folem kastom fasin blong klemem kraon.Be kwestin we kot bae I detemaenem hemi weta family Kalsakau oli tru ona blong kraon ia o nokat. Ansa long kwestin ia I soem olgeta faending ia.
  2. Long 04/09/ 1874 jif Narewo Marik Atlangi I salem kraon ia Laknaporo (Anambru) i ko long James Row. Daerek evidens ia I hemi wan pruf se, Family Kalsakau I no onem kraon ia.
  3. Narafala evidens I soem se family Kalsakau oli no kamaot long laen blong wan kastom jif. Long Kes no. 1 blong 1993 we hemi abaot dispute blong kraon blong Marope. Jiajmen ia I bin mensenem se long buk ia History of the three flags we George Kaltoi Sigari Kalsakau I bin raetem, I stetem se Rev J.W. Mackenzie nao I bin odenem tija Kalsakau olsem wan jif long 1908. Kalsakau hemi no wan kastom jif. Kot I bin consaltem buk ia mo confemem sem stetmen ia.
  4. I kat confemesen stetmen I kam long evri pati se I tru ol misinari wetem pipol blong Ifira I bin elektem Tarimata Kalsakau olsem paramaon jif blong komunity blong Ifira we I stap kasem tudei.

Long kastom blong Efate, big jif nao I onem kraon long wan bandri. Hemi sherem kraon long olgeta smol jif blong hem. Wan kastom jif nomo I onem mo save serem kraon long pipol.


  1. Nara pruf we I kamaot I soem se I kat daot (uncertainty) long family laen blong hem. I kat evidens we I kamaot long olgeta kot hearing we I bin pas finis.Long kot kes blong Marope olsem wan exampol, storian I soem se George Kalsakau I bin talem long Kot se papa blong hem Kalpokoro Makaurei I bin maretem Kaitamama we hemi wan descendant (grand dota) blong jif Narewo.Storian ia I bin Kot is I bin confemem mo akseptem. Kes blong Marope I bin apil I ko long Supreme kot, be I no bin saksesful. Ricod ia bae I no save jenis.

Long kes ia storian I no semak from klema ia I jenisim storian mo talem se Makaurei I bin maretem Leisingi, Bakenu mo wan narawan. Hemia I wan narafala histri we kot I hesiten blong admitim olsem evidens.


  1. Mifala I notem tu long kot, se hemi bin fesem plante akiumen se, Makaurei I no papa blong Kalsakau. Espeseli nao se from wanem family ia I no putum family nem blong olgeta Makaurei insted blong Kalsakau. I kat infomesen long kot tu, we orijinal klema, family Bakokoto, family Maramara mo family Narewo I stap talem se Kalsakau I kam long Eratap o Erakor.Olgeta stetmen olsem I stap indiketem se family Kalsakau I no sua mo putum kwestin mak I stap ova long family laen blong hem.
  2. Hemi no save pruvum long kot ia se olgeta ancesta blong ol oli bin explorem okupaem ples ia bifo I kam. Alto, klema I bin pointemaot wan ples se hemi ples blong nassara blong jif Makaurei, be kot I no save witnesim ol samting olsem, namele, stone mo narafala blong pruvum se I tru I bin kat wan nasara I exist long ples ia.
  3. I kat plante witnes long kes ia I talem se oli stap mekem karen bitwin 1940 I kam antap long ol yia. Mr Kalpeau Kalsakau I talem se hemi stap ko long karen long ples ia wetem papa blong hem araon 1940. Ol difren instrument mo agrimen we ol family Kalsakau I bin saenem hemi olgeta transaction we I tes tekem ples afta 1930 taem oli bin stat blong okupaem ol pis kraon long disputed land ia.

Olgeta evidens ia antap I stap concludim se, family ia oli tes setel long kraon ia afta long 1930 taem we Joint kot I disaed blong kivim kraon ia I ko long olgeta pipol blong Ifira blong yusum olsem wan risef land.


Posisen blong Kaonta Klema 2


Kalman Bakokoto I stap klem, se disputed land hemi kraon blong jif Bakokoto.olgeta evidens we kot I kolemtem I ko olsem.


  1. Evidens long kot I soem se Bakokoto hemi no wan hae jif be wan smol jif blong traeb o naflak Naniu.
  2. Kwestin blong kot I considarem hemi weta klem bandri blong Jif Bakokoto I wan kastom bandri. Infomesen I provaedem se bandri we hemi klem I save bi wan kastom bandri blong wan paramaon jif nomo. Be wan smol jif blong wan traeb olsem jif Bakokoto I no save rulum wan bigfala bandri olsem we family bakokoto I klem long kes ia.Mo tu, klema ia I no sua kud long olgeta kastom bandri blong klem blong hem. Long taem blong wokabaot hemi pointem ol ples we mifala I no ting se hemi ol kastom limit.
  3. Kalmanu Bakokoto I bin talem long kot se kraon blong Biritano mo Sumalapa Jif Manpanga mo Kaukau I bin kivim olsem pumaso I ko long pipol blong Ifira. Ol pipol we I bin karem kraon olsem pumaso I kat family Kalsakau, Saurei, Sope, Kalterikie, Toro mo I kat sam moa. Long kastom hemi no save klemem bak tufala kraon ia.
  4. Kot I notem se, long taem blong visit long kraon Mr Kalmanu Bakokoto I bin disaed blong jenisim storian blong hem abaot kraon blong pumaso. Hemi bin pointem wan ples aotsaed long disputed eria, se ples ia nao hemi bin kivim long sam long olgeta klema. Ol klema we hemi bin nemem olgeta I no save confemem storian ia mo oli stap talem se hemia I wan kiaman storian.
  5. Sapos storian blong pumaso ia I tru, be stil wan impoten kwestin I stap yet from hemi no save talemaot bandri blong kroan we hemi kivim long wanwan family. Missing evidens ia I kivim daot long kot ova long stetmen ia. Bisaed hemia, witnes blong hem Rusell Bakokoto I stap talem se Biritano mo Sumalapa oli no kraon blong pumaso. Bakeken statemen ia I contradictim toktok blong klema.
  6. Long saed blong wan evidens blong hem konsenem ol pis Lapita potery, kot ia I no save akseptem olgeta long tingting se, I mas kat wan prapa test long ol exhibit ia blong talem stret yia blong olgeta.

Folem ol diskasen ia, rimening evidens I klia mo kivim konclusen se jif Narewo Marik Atlangi ona blong kraon I salem kraon ia Laknaporo i ko long James Row anda long olfala taetol # 57G. Folem desisen blong NH Joint Kot long 1930, pipol blong Ifira I tes ko mekem karen mo leta mekem ol narafala developmen we I stap kasem tudei. Russell I confemem long kot se, ol family Bakokoto I stap mekem karen long ples ia Kaweriki mo oli aot long ples ia long wol wo 2 araon 1940.


Posisen blong Kaonta Klema 3


Family Saurei I stap klemem wan smol pis kraon we long bilif blong olgeta hemi tradisonel kraon we I fomem pat blong Matantopua land we kot ia I bin diklerem I ko long family Saurei hemi long kes no. 1 blong 1996.


  1. Decision blong kot blong Matantopua ( kes no 1 blong 1996) I no bin diklerem wan klia mo complit map blong kastom bandri be wan smol pat nomo blong Matantopua we Amon Kaltaki I bin disputim long Kot.
  2. Hemi no save pruvum long kot ia se olgeta ancesta blong hem oli bin explorem mo okupaem ples ia bifo olgeta nara family I ko okupae mo setel long kraon ia.
  3. Klem I soem se ancesta blong hem Lovilovi blong traeb Temalu hemi wan waria we I muv from Rangorango, Buffa mo kam daon long Ifira. Sapos hemi wan waria then, blong whoia jif? Be klema ia I no save talem long kot bigfala jif blong Lovilovi. Long ol toktok blong hem long kot, Lovilovi I wan traeb blong Jif Maramara we hemi kamaot long klan temalu. Haoeva, klema 4 mo 5 I no save akseptem storian ia se I tru.
  4. Long kastom wan waria I no save kontrolem wan bandri anles jif I kivim raet ia long hem.Pis kraon we hemi klem se hemi pat blong Matantopua.Be wan document blong sale blong kraon I stap talem se, long 04/09/ 1874 jif Narewo Marik Atlangi I salem kraon ia Laknaporo (taetol # 57G) i ko long James Row. Evidens ia I indiketem, se kraon I no blong Lovilovi.
  5. Long saed blong kastom bandri, hemi no save pruvum se eria we hemi klem I stap insaed wan tru kastom bandri from se I nokat olgeta kastom mak blong bifo.

Wetem olgeta facts we kot I diskasem antap, kot I stap kam long semak konclusen se ol family blong hem I tes okupaem ples ia blong mekem karem afta long 1930 afta we Joint Kot I disaed blong kivim back ples ia I ko long pipol blong Ifira I yusum olsem wan risef land. Olfala Maraki Saurei I tes ko liv mo okupaem ples ia Matantopua long 1953. Bifo yia ia, oli stap ko mekem karen nomo.


Posisen blong Kaonta Klema 4


Klema ia I stap klemem two olfala taetol namba 27 mo 34 olsem kastom kraon blong jif Maramara.


  1. Kot I faenem se, taetol # 27 I stap aotsaed long disputed land. Mo bigfala pat blong taetol 34 I stap aotsaed tu. I kat smol pis nomo we I foldaon insaed kraon we kot I bin advetaesem.
  2. Jif Maramara hemi wan smol jif blong bigfala jif Narewo.I kat confemesen blong Maramara olsem wan jif we I kamaot long olgeta did blong sel blong kraon. Hemi bin salem ol kraon ia, bifo olsem true kastom ona.
  3. I kat plante akiumen se ol eli treda I bin pem olgeta kraon ia tru long fasin blong frod o stil mo narafala krukret proces. Kot I tekem note long olgeta tingting olsem, be I mas kat evidens mo infomesen blong talem se, olgeta ravis fasin i bin hapen.
  4. Kot I notem se, klema 5 I bin sapotem gud klem blong blong family ia long storian blong klem blong hem. Infomesen we I kamaot long kot I talem se, jif Maramara hemi wan smol jif blong hae jif Narewo. Taem jif Narewo I ded, jif Maramara I bin tekem ova control long kraon. Taem jif maramara I ded raet ia oli pasem I ko long jif Taripakoa, bifo ol misinari mo pipol I disaed blong mekem Kalsakau I kam jif blong komunity blong Ifira. Storian blong muvement blong ol ancesta blong hem tu from Rangorango I kasem Ifira, I klia. Kot i trastem ol storian ia.

I kat akiumen se klema ia I no kat raet blong klemem kraon blong jif Maramara from Apu man blong hem I kam long Epi alelan. Kot I luk se hemia I wan issue blong ol descendant blong jif Maramara I lukluk long hem. Men tingting blong kot I satisfae long hem, I blong faenem ol true indigenous kastom ona blong kraon.


Posisen blong Kaonta Klema 5


  1. Olgeta land eria blong Sumalapa mo Biritano I stap insaed long kraon we jif Narewo I onem mo salem long James Row long 1872 we i karem olfala taetol # 57G. I kat ricod we I soem se sem pis kraon ia I bin transfea I ko long ol narafala man we I pem kraon ia. Kot I bilif se kraon hemi blong jif Narewo Marik Atlangi folem ol difren deed of sale we hemi bin mekem.Nara exampol, Jif Narewo wetem jif Maramara I salem eria blong Malanapoana long Donald Macloed.
  2. Kot I priferem toktok blong klema ia wetem ol witness blong hem se, long 1930, Niu Hebrides Joint Kot I bin disaed blong aloketem taetol ia 57G I ko long pipol blong Ifira, folem sotej blong kraon. Jiajmen ia we hemi dated 24 Januare, 1930 I talem long pej 5 blong pipol I serem kraon ia long 2 hekta long wan man o family. Alokesen mo distribusen blong kraon I no bin happen. Most long kraon ia, olgeta memba blong family Kalsakau nao I okupaem.
  3. Origional klema, Klema 1, 2 mo 3 I tes muv I ko afta long 1930 blong mekem karen mo leita liv mo mekem olgeta developmen kasem tudei.
  4. Ancesta blong klema ia I kat olgeta nasara. One long olgeta nasara hemi Malpakoa we hemi blong jif Narewo Marik Atlangi.
  5. Family tri blong klema ia I bin presented mo konfem finis long kes blong Marope land kes no. 1 blong 1993. I bin kat tri klema long kes ia olsem family Sope, Nunu Naperik Mala, mo Naflak Teufi I bin klem tru long family laen ia blong jif Narewo Marik Atlangi. Storian ia I no jenis from apil kot I bin apholdem long apil kes no.1 blong 1994, mekem se hemi wan ricod we I laef tudei. Klema ia, folem ol feta risej blong hem I bin diskavarem ol nara memba blong family ia, mekem se hemi stap klem long this kot folem kastomeri interes blong hem long kraon ia.
  6. Kot hemi satisfae se kraon I blong jif Narewo Marik Atlangi. I kat toktok se klema I no kat raet blong klem from apu man blong hem Grube blong Germany. Kot ia I stap tekem aproj mo disaed se hemia i wan issue blong ol descendant blong jif Narewo I lukluk long hem.

DEKLERESEN


Afta we kot I kondactem ful trael long klem ia, mo harem olgeta toktok blong evri pati wetem olgeta faending, Kot is stap mekem ol dekleresen olsem.


  1. Family Narewo mo olgeta descendants blong hem I kastom ona blong kraon we I stap insaed disputed land we I pat blong olfala taetol # 57G.
  2. Richard Kaltonga, hemi kat raet blong yusum kraon ia subject long otority blong family Narewo.
  3. Family Maramara wetem ol descendant i kastom ona blong disputed kraon we I stap insaed olfala taetol # 34.
  4. Kot I stap dismisim klem blong klema 1, 2, mo 3.

Kot I atajem wan map blong spesifaem olgeta mak blong kraon blong olgeta pati we I winim kes blong olgeta.


Kot I wantem klarifaem long olgeta pati se eni kraon we I stap aotsaed long kraon we kot I bin advetaesem bae kot ia I no mekem desisen long hem. Hemia I minim se ol interested pati I save lonjem ol klem blong olgeta I ko long respektif nakamal blong harem anda long Kastom Land Manejmen Act.


Dekleresen ia hemi no afektem ol nara propati raet long kraon blong mekem karen mo olgeta nara existing developmen long kraon. Be olgeta pati mo olgeta we I laef long kraon ia I mas rememba se kastom ona blong kraon I kat raet blong jenisim o limitim olgeta raet ia. Eksesaes blong raet ia hemi limited nomo long olgeta existing prapati bifo dekleresen ia.


Wanwan pati I pem expens blong hem. Eni klema I kat raet blong apilim desisen ia long 30 dei stat long Fraede, 27 blong manis ia.


Tudei 20 blong manis Februare, 2015


ODA BLONG KOT


Magistrate Edwin Macreveth


Jastis Eddie Karis


Jastis Harry Joshua


Jastis Daniel Frank


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