Maseiman v Natongrau [2009] VUIC 8; [2009] VUICB 2; Land Kes 03 of 1995 (31 March 2009)

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RIPABLIK BLONG VANUATU
EFATE AELAN KOT

Land kes namba 3/95

(EFATE AELAN)

BITWIN:

FAMLI KALPRAM COOKE MASEIMAN,
Orijinol kleman

1. NAFLAK NAWI NATONGRAU
Fes –Kaonta kleman,

2. FAMLI NAWITA
Sekon - Kaonta kleman

3. FAMLI KALOTITI KALOTRIP
LEEL KALONTAN
Namba 3 - Kaonta kleman,

4. FAMLI WIMAK
Namba 4 - Kaonta kleman

5. MATARAU TEFEKE (IFIRA)
Namba 5 - Kaonta kleman

6. FAMLI BAKOKOTO
Namba 6 - Kaonta kleman

7. FAMLI ABEL NAAR DESENDENT
Namba 7 - Kaonta kleman

8. FAMLI JOHN KALOMTAK
Namba 8 - Kaonta kleman

9. FAMLI KALPOI KALONTAN
Namba 9 - Kaonta kleman

10. FAMLI KALSA LEEL
Namba 10 Kaonta kleman

11. FAMLI MARIK KALONTAN
Namba 11 - Kaonta kleman

12. FAMLI TONGAIA KALPUKAI
Namba 12 - Kaonta kleman

13. FAMLI HENDEN KALSAKAU
Namba 13 - Kaonta kleman

14. FAMLI MARIK KALPRAM
MATOKOALE-
Namba 14 - Kaonta kleman

15. JIF MANTOI KALSAKAU III
Namba 15 - Kaonta kleman

16. FAMILKALPRAM TUEKOT
Namba 16 - Kaonta kleman

17, FAMLI KALOTITI KALTAPANG
Namba 17 - Kaonta kleman

18. FAMLI NAREO LAGOLLE
Namba 18 - Kaonta kleman

19. FAMLI BAKOKOTO RUSSEL
Namba 19 - Kaonta kleman

Coram: Senior Magistrate Rita Bill NAVITI
Island Kot Justices:

1. Jif Eddy KARIS blong Eton;
2. Jif MEAMEADOLA blong Mosso;
3. Jif Raymond MARONGOE blong Emua.

Island Kot Clerk: Jona MESAU and JOHN HOPKINS
Judgment date:

JUDGMENT

NEMS BAONDRIS BLONG LAND:

ELEO-EURAKOT kastom land. Land ia hemi stap long South Efate.'

Kastom baondris blong kraon ia hemi:

[Image 1]

Start long north side long ENVET stret long stamba blong wan giant Natavoa tree, we olgeta blong Shell company oli been cuttem out; Hemi run south-south West igo antop long cliff long wan first stampa blong Nabanga tree antap long cliff; Hemi follem edge blong clif igo long Nabanga tree close up long fish Mariket mo followem ol series blong Nabanga trees igo long south-south East kasem wan last Nabanga tree down
long cliff long EMETPER; Hemi continue blong followem sea-shore igo long ELKAO, EMETNAI (LAU-PAGON) Hemi roundem point blong Emis land; Kasem E-TUKOR (EGMEL-SAL); From E-tukor hemi crossem bush stret igo North North-West kasem EFARFER, Hemi followem sea-shore long Efarfer igo long East kasem Envet bakeken.

Klem ia hemi base long namba 2, 3, 4 5
Setelmens blong Famli blong Orijinol Klemant.
Igat Kot desisen finis long olketa area we kot hemi marikem long Ping color. However baondris oli no specific.

COMPOSITION BLONG KOT

Taem kot hemi openem trial long 10 December 2007, klemants 16, 7 mo Orijinol klemant oli raisem few issues over composition blong Kot. Oli talem se some long olketa justices we oli stap long bench oli save gat conflict of interest long case ia. Afta we kot hemi hearem olketa, kot hemi muve out blong Senior Magistrate hemi inquire long trifalla Justices.

Afta we Senior Magistrate hemi hearem olketa Justices, hemi applaem Law long olketa toktok we ikamaot:

1. Island Kot Act Cap 167 section 3 hemi talem se imust gat 3 justices oli sitdaon long Island Kot blong hearem olgeta cases. Trifalla justices ia oli must be appointed by the President blong Republic. One long olketa hemi must save gud long kastom mo live long area we Kot ia hemi gat jurisdiction over long hem.
   
2. Olgeta parties long case ia oli been given the chance blong considerem list blong olgeta justices blong Efate Island Kot, 30 days bifo trial hemi start long open kot everyone oli chusum trifalla justices ia. Sapos olgeta justices ia oli no save sitdaon, bambae ino gat any narafala justice we oli neutral blong sitdaon long case ia. Justice Meameadola hemi secretary blong Vaturisu so hemi save gud kastom blong Efate. The fact that hem ilive long area ia; hemi no should causem hemi concern from hemi gat proper lease taetel we hemi tekem wetem Government. Justice Marongoe hemi blong Emua, the fact that hemi maretem wan woman long area ia, hemi no should causem any concern from woman ia hemi go live long Emua mo hemi ded plante year ipas finis. Justice Marongoe hemi maret bakeken finis. Justice Eddy Karis hemi blong Eton mo hemi save gud kastom blong South Efate. Trifalla Jifs ia oli Independent.
   

Senior Magistrate hemi decide se olketa kraons we oli raised oli no justifaem disqualification blong trifalla justices.

Kot hemi save proceed igo long trial.

PROCEDURES:

Kot hemi directem olketa parties blong oli submittim written istri, famli tri mo sketch map blong olketa at least 2 weeks bifo trial date.

Law hemi limitem olketa witnesses long Land case long 5 witnesses long wan wan party. Each kaonta klemant ipresentem evidences blong hem through long Examination-in-Jif, cross-examination mo re-examination. Kot hemi gat chance blong askem same kwestions long witness we hemi stand long witness box bifo oli releasem hem. Long average each klemant hemi spendem 1 week long trial.

LAWS:

1980, CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF VANUATU:

Article 73. All land in the Republic of Vanuatu belongs to the indigenous kastom owners and their descendants.

Wetem article ia central element mo land policy long Vanuatu taem hemi kasem independence long 1980, hemi blong returnem every land igo back long Indijenous kastom onas. Every pre-idependence freeholds mo leaseholds oli stop. Freeholders we oli registered olsem "alienators" oli entaetel blong kasem wan lease long commercial or residential rates or blong receivim wan compensation long improvements we oli been makem long land in kwesten.

Aritlce 74. The rules of kastom shall form the basis of onaship and use of land in the Republic of Vanuatu. Blong findem kastom onas, Kot of law hemi must usum kastom law mo Rules blong usum land long Vanuatu.

Article 75. Only indigenous citizens of the Republic of Vanuatu who have acquired their land in accordance with a recognised system of land tenure shall have perpetual onaship of their land.

Olketa Ni Vanautu we kastom onas blong kraon ia oli givim raet over long kraon ia long olketa nomo oli gat raet blong holem free taetel.

Island Kot Act Cap 167
Island Kot civil procedure Rules

Role blong Island Kot under section 8 blong Island Kot Act hemi blong applaem kastomeri law blong erea we disputed land hemi located long hem. Decisen blong hem, hemi no must conflict wetem any written law.Mo too hemi no must stand againstem spirit blong justice, reality mo good order. Kot hemi gat power too blong mekem orders ia:

1. Money olsem compensation;
   
2. Restitution blong property
   

100. Use mo occupation blong land igo long any party long dispute,
     

4. Prohibitim or restraining use blong land by any long olketa disputing parties
   

Kastom of Efate-particularly South of Efate.

Long Kastom blong Efate raet blong ona blong land hemi pass followem bladlaen blong man or Patrilinal. Long erea we dispute ia istap long hem oli followem bladlaen too mo dispute ia hemi involvem every aspects blong onaship blong land long Sout Efate, olsem:

• Kastomeri Land onaship hem based generally long Patrilinal system;
  
• Olketa exceptions long General Rules ia oli:
  
  1. Last surviving bladlaen: Land isave pass igo long woman, sapos ino gat surviving male long famli laen;
     
  2. Napumas or Pumas (will); man or woman isave ownem Land through long gift or present;
     
  100. Compensation, oli save givim Lands blong pem back wan something or blong reparem wan mistake;
       
  4. Naflac or klan Jif blong naflac isave ownem land;
     
  5. Adoption, kastom ona isave passem raet blong hem long wan pikinini we hemi adoptem. But blong hemi work pikinini ia, hemi must kamaot long bladlaen blong kastom ona ia. Sapos pikinini hemi followem different blood bambae raet hemi no save stap oltaem.
     
  6. Mavis hemi wan system we man we oli adoptem outside long famili circle hemi save gat raet long land through naflac blong adopted papa blong hem.
     

KASTOMERI LAND TENURE:

1. Bigfalla Jif hemi controlem, managem mo protectem olketa interest over lands blong olketa people we oli stap under long jurisdiction blong hem. Bigfalla Jif hemi chosum head blong tribe mo head blong klan or naflac.
   
2. Head blong Tribe: Hemi meanim olketa assistants blong big Jif we Jif hemi givim specific kastom duty long olketa. Olsem warias, Munuwei...etc. Olketa ia oli head blong tribe we oli kamaot long side blong ol "man" long famli bladlaen blong big Jif or yumi save talem se olketa "brother" blong hem.
   
3. Head blong klan/Naflac: Hemia olketa head blong naflac or yumi save talem se "uncle relationship". Hemia hemi blong meetim need blong olketa "woman" or sisters blong big Jif. Olketa man ia iblong helpem hem too;
   
4. Head blong famli: Undanit long olketa head blong Jifs ia, igat head blong wan wan famli or households. Olketa ia oli answerable igo long head blong tribe or head blong klan as the case maybe. Head blong tribe mo head blong naflac oli answerable long Big Jif;
   
5. Big Jif hemi gat counsel blong hem. Insaed long counsel ia igat head blong Tribe mo head blong klan;
   
6. Taem big Jif hemi givim out land igo long olketa head blong tribe mo klan, lands ia oli become land blong tribe ia or klan.
   

STANDARD OF PROVE:

Standard of prove hemi long Probability.

Hemi duty blong Kot ia blong showem se hemi followem stret Constitution blong Vanuatu, 1980. Bambae hemi must applaem kastom olsem basis blong onaship blong kastomeri land raets, however desisen blong hem bambae hemi no must be inconsistent wetem Article 73 mo 74 we hemi talk about onaship mo Perpetual onaship blong land.

INTRODUCTION:

Afta 3 months we Kot hemi hearem evidences from 19 parties mo 75 witnesses blong olketa, Kot hemi notem olketa particularities blong land dispute ia se:

1. Hemi involvem 3 bigfalla vilejs long South Efate. Trifalla vilejs ia Pango, Erakor mo Ifira; we oli located close-up long capital city blong Vanuatu;
   
2. Hemi stap long middle blong trifalla vilejs ia Erakor, Pango mo Ifira;
   
3. Two long olketa vilejs ia Ifira mo Erakor oli separated from the disputed land by sea;
   
4. Olketa parties oli related to each other;
   
5. Disputed Land ia hemi served olsem main residential lease blong olketaq investors from olketa beautiful views blong hem igo long Vila Harbourg;
   
6. Olketa basis blong klem ia oli involvem every aspects blong Kastomeri Land tenure raet over lands long Sout Efate.
   

Olketa Kaonta klemants we oli kamaot long Ifira mo Erakor oli wandem Kot ia hemi findem out sapos igat wan main komon baondris bitwin Pango/Erakor, Erakor/Ifira mo Ifira/Pango within disputes baondris;

From complexity blong case ia, mo amaunt blong informations we hemi available long Kot mo bigfala area blong land we hemi involvem dispute ia, Kot ia hemi decide blong:

1. Concentrate long evidences start long beginning blong 1800s we isave gat corroboration;
   
2. Usim kastom baondris nomo.
   

100. Groupem olketa klemant followem tribe: PANGO, IFIRA mo ERAKOR;
     

LAND VISITATION:

Kot ivisitem disputed land start long 7 go kasem 11 October 2008. Mifalla iprodiusim wan table wetem 2 coloms: first colom hemi kastom names blong olketa sites or kastom baondris we mifalla irecordem during trial blong case ia; mo second colom hemi names blong parties we oli mentionem.

Mifalla I distributim copy blong list ia long each parti.

Long 7 October 2008 every parties oli appeared bifo long kot; mifalla irecordem appearances finis kot mo every parties imuve igo long disputed land.

From we igat plante parties tumas, oli kam wetem members blong family blong olketa; mifalla ino save muve everyone wan taem igo long particular site.

For safety reasons, mifalla ivisitim specific disputed site wetem kounter-klemant we idiputim site ia, same time wetem Orijinol klemant mo olketa narafalla parties oli stap long wan distance we oli save luk group taem wan wan klemant igo showem kastom baondris blong hem; hemia blong transparency sake.

Parties we oli no concerned over wan particular area ino need blong followem kot. Mifalla idirectem se Orijinol/principle kleman hemi must stap oltaem wetem each klement taem hemi showem mo tok about wan particular site we hemi showem long Kot.

Mifalla imekem olsem kasem taem mifalla icompletem visitation ia long 11 October 2008. Every day visitation istart long 8.45 kasem around 18.45 long 4 days mo from 8.45 kasem 12.30 long last day (Saturday).

Disputed baondri ia hemi bigwan tumas, kot ino save visitem every smolmol baondris.

Kot hemi visitim 66 kastom sites we igat heavy dispute long hem:

- start long dream cove kasem Paradise Cove,

- go ontop long tufalla mountains "Eleo" mo "Etumou" long side blong Pango,

- continu igo long 4 different caves.

- Afta igo long Pango vilej,

- breakers' resort,

- Esnar school,

- igo daon long "le Lagon Resort",

- Elaktuplis,

- followem solwota blong second lagoon go kasem haus blong Mr. Rene Ah Pow, (wetem famili Wimak long boat),

- afta igo ontop long Elluk.

- Mifalla icontinue blong klaem long hill "Eleo" first, Second mo third plateau long side we ilukluk igo long Vila Bay,

- igo daon long mobil/shell, Origin Gaz station,

- icontinu igo long Star Warf, main Warf,

- Tokoni or Tekoni,

- Katatara,

- Natoika nasara.

- Afta klaem long hill "Etumou" first, Second, third mo fourth plateau lukluk long side blong Ifira,

- igo ontop cave "Wotanman",

- go daon long Worolua point.

Same road ia mifalla irepeated wetem each kleman we idisputim site ia.

Mifalla iadmittim se hemi wan bigfalla kraon mo tiring walkabout; be hemi gud long everyone from hemi wan oldfalla dispute we istap since 1870 (1870-2008). Bambae mifalla itraem best blong mifalla, blong decidem kastomeri onaship blong ELEO- EURAKOT kastom baondris blong trifalla vilij.

Hemi duty blong Kot ia blong upholdem spirit blong Constitution taem hemi judgem wan kastom kraon. From ol reasons ia bambae mifalla icarefully considerem every evidences we mifalla irecordem mo applaem kastom loa long olketa facts mo mekem sure se finding blong mifalla hemi no go againstem constitution.

Mifalla iklasem olketa parties olsem:

1. Groupe blong PANGO:
   
2. Orijinol klemant againstem:
   
3. Nawi Natongrau (joinem Famli Kalpoi Kalontan)
   
4. Famli Nawita (joinem Orijinol klemant)
   
5. Famli Kalotiti Kalotrip Leel Kalontan (joinem Orijinol Klemant)
   
6. Famli Able Naar and Descendant;
   
7. Famli Kalpoi Kalontan
   
8. Famli Kalsa Leel (joinem Orijinol klemant)
   
9. Famli Sakla Andre Kalpoi
   
10. Famli Tongaia Kalpukai (joinem Sakla Andre Kalpoi);
    
11. Famli Marik Kalpram Matokoale (joinem Orijinol klemant);
    
12. Famli Kalpram Tuekot,
    
13. Famli Kalotiti Kaltapang.
    

Group blong ERAKOR:

Orijinol Klemant againstem:

1. Famli Wimak, mo
2. Famli John Kalomtak
   

Groupe blong IFIRA:

Orijinol Klemant againstem:

1. Matarau Tefeke;
2. Famli Mantoi Kalsakau III
3. Famli Henden Kalsakau;
4. Famli Bakokoto Kirkir
5. Famli Bakokoto Russel;
6. Famli Nareo Lagolle;
   

PANGO:

CASE BLONG ORIJINOL KLEMANT v EVERY KAONTA KLEMANTS:

Orijinol klemant hemi basem klem blong hem long 3 different points:

1. PATRINAL KASTOM BLADLAEN blong Paramount Jif Toktok Kalpram "Cooke" MASEIMAN ikam daon long hem;
   
2. ISTRI BLONG MUVMENT BLONG JIF MANSEIMAN IMARIKEM BAONDRIS BLONG LAND WE HEMI KLEMEM,
   
3. ANCESTRAL KASTOM LAND BAONDRI.
   

Taem hemi presentem evidence blong hem, hemi produsim istri blong hem we hemi combinem inside long wan booklet we hemi entaetel "Paramount Jif Toktok Kalpram "Cooke" Maseiman" we Noel Toktok Kaluatman, spokesman blong olketa hemi saenem. But main spokersman hemi PETER KALMOS; mo hemi singaotem olketa witnesses blong hem.

KLEM:

Hemi Claim se Kalsal we hemi kastom bladlaen blong Jif Maseiman oli kamaot long Ravenga mo oli go daon long Epango mo settle long hem kasem 1845 taem Christianity hemi kam tru. Oli establishim security base blong olketa long Eleo. Oli surveyem land mo givim name blong olketa boundari mariks blong hem.

Kalsal hemi gat 3 sisters:

1. Touktor we hemi maretem Astangel mo hemi gat 7 pikinini

Loparu;

Leimaal

Touriman Leiry

Toumet P'kamiel

Kaltoi,

Arib,

Kalmasei;

2. Tourer we hemi maretem Kalmos mo hemi gat 6 pikinini:

Matai Kalpak

Kaleel,

Arei Kalsa,

Kalaur,

Toupon,

Toupet;

3. Toulik we hemi maretem N'gerei blong Farea Egmlel-pos (Malapoa) mo hemi gat 8 pikinini:

Langasi,

Tarbochichi,

Seretangi,

Kalsaupa Tarpako,

Limut,

Leirib,

Lesing,

Risu

Kalsal hemi maretem Leipong long farea blong Ernagir moTefkau. Hemi gat 3 boy Kaloros, Kalpram, Kalfau mo 2 girls Tousers mo Leipok. Hemi namem olgeta pikinini blong hemi folowem "Ruba-Wenr" (name ifollowem kastom walkabaot blong hem:

1. Kaloros hemi meanim oli muv ikam daon (Nros-su); hemi no married; hemi ded long wan war, taem oli go helpem Marik Namak blong Ekasuvat long figthem wan war. Marik Namak hemi pem blood blong olketa warias we oli death wetem Kaloros, long wan kraon oli callem today Eram, Intan-raa meanim land we oli pem blood long hem.
   
2. Kalpram hemi meanim longfala (pram) baondri landmarik start long mountain igo daon long solwota. Hemi Jif afta long papa blong hem. Hemi maretem Toupet Limatar long farea blong hem. Hemi gat 6 pikinini; 3 boys Kalotukor, Kalterea, kalotiti mo 3 girls: Toumatkor, Toumermer mo Tousik.
   
   1. Toumat-ekor meanim kastom we iblokem (t-kor). Hemi born ided.
      
   2. Kalotukor nem ia hemi stone we oli marikem baondri long hem "E-tukor", long Epro betwin Ni-velea mo Eurakot boundari blong ol waria mo ol munuwei.
      
   3. Kalterea nem ia hemi followem kastom blong hem we hemi laef istap long stampa Marea blong Eurakot we ikat 4 stampa namele iround long hem wetem laef giant na-talae we istap long wel mo ikat ol tabu stone oli roundem.
      
   4. Kalotiti nem ia hemi followem fasin blong fight we waria oli pushum out (ti-natalmol) ol man out long baondri mo people blong hem;
      
   5. Toumermer hemi meanim jif we hemi reign (te-mermer)
      
   6. Tousik hemi meanim fasin we oli leftemap or ordainem jif (sik-Nawot)
      
3. Kalfau hemi meanim Niu (fau-m) baondri land start long mountain igo long solwota
   
4. Touser hemi meanim baondri laen we ifollowem river (Nai –ser) iron igo daon
   
5. Leipok hemi meanim Epok we mama blong hem ikamaot long hem long Eworkau.
   

Ol name oli followem fasin blong laef long taem ia olsem:

- Elkao= oli standemap ol Marae blong munuwei we ritual blong Welu hemi stap tekples long hem mo Egmlel blong holem ceremony blong Nabel-aki;

- Launpagon, Emetnai oli standemap Marae blong Munuwei too. But hemia hemi ples blong olketa wounded warias. Kalpram Marpit now hemi lukaotem farea blong olketa munuwei long ples ia. Kalpram Marpit ia hemi fight from wife blong hemi Leinmas Leisary long tribe blong Imtaap long Bufa. Hemi gat 6 pikinini:

1. Leitong-piau;
2. Kalmet Skature Yam,
3. Leisau,
4. Toupong,
5. Touskar,
6. Totau Kalonier.
   

Long conclusion blong hem hemi writem long booklet ia se:

- Oli stap stand up olsem namba 7 jeneresen blong Jif Kalpram Cooke Maseiman;

- Oli stap klemem back kastomeri raet blong ol ansestas blong olgeta folem kastom basis blong BLADLAEN blong PARAMOUNT JIF wetem ANCESTRAL KASTOM LAND BAONDRI blong hem long Intaan-Fasoc, Eleo, Eurakot mo Epango;

Ikat plante kastom marejes we hemi tekem ples bitwin ol bladlaen blong Jif wetem ol Warias we oli stap wetem Jif long taem ia. Plante too, oli bin ded long tribal fight. Olgeta we oli stap oli kat laen blong olketa we oli kamaut long famli Kalontan mo Famli Kalpram Marpit we tedei oli populatem Eurakot.

Example blong olketa marejes ia igat:

1. Jif Lor, long side blong Maseiman we hemi maretem Leitong-piau girl blong Kalpram Marpit
   
2. Kalmet Skature Yam, boy blong Kalpram Marpit we hemi maretem Tourango we hemi sister blong Jif Lor,
   
3. Leisau Toupong hemi maretem Jif Kalomtak Kaka blong Erakor.
   

EVIDENCES:

BRENT KALPRAM KALMET Witness 1, age 31: hemi tekem oath mo talem se:

Eleo-Tas-Ru hemi second setelmen blong olgeta. Then oli muve bakeken igo long Elkaao we hemi third setelmen. But ino gat water, mekem oli must muve out bakeken igo settled long Emetnai.

Oli diggim wan wel blong kasem water. Wel water ia oli callem Eluksa from hemi wan tabu water we olgeta natatok nomo oli save drink long hem. Afta oli muve igo long Eslaorsvir. Taem oli stap long Eslaorsvir, olgeta people blong Epango oli just go joinem olketa blong laef long Pango Vilej.

Jif Maseiman hemi wan paramount Jif, stret name blong hem hemi Marik Kalsal, hemi reign long:

- Farea Lueki (normal farea or nakamal blong hem),

- Ewot (Farea/nakamal we hemi mit wetem ol wiseman blong hem blong mekem laws blong gavenem olketa)

- Emalfeng (Farea or nakamal we hemi keepim olketa wounded warias blong hem oli stap long hem blong receivim treatment).

Long Cross examination blong hem, taem hemi ansarem olgeta kwestens
blong olgeta kaonta-klemants, hemi talem se:

Marik Kalsal hemi Naflak Wit. Afta long Kalsal, Jif Kalpram Cook hemi ordained Maseiman. "Cooke" hemi wan English word we oli givim long Kalpram from long 1845 hemi stove boy blong ol missionaries. Jif Maseiman ia hemi Naflak Nleo, mo hemi muve out long Ravenga wetem Naflak Mnlet mo Natongrau. Taem hemi muve igo long Eurakot ino gat man or vilej around.. So first comer hemi ona blong kraon start long hill to kasem salt water.

Taetel " Maseiman" hemi blong ol man Pango, famli ia oli reservem istap ino gat man iholem today;

Hemi gat ol subordinate Jifs blong hem. Long Pango igat 7 Naflak:

• Naflak Natongrau
  
• Naflak Nakram
  
• Naflak Naniu
  
• Naflak Wit
  
• Naflak Kram
  
• Naflak Nmal
  

Witness ia, hemi namba 14 kaonta-klemant we hemi dropem klem blong hem blong go joinem Orijinol klemant.

BRUCE KALOTITI KALOTRIP Witness namba 2, tekem oath mo hemi talem se:

Hemi confirmem olgeta toktok blong first witness mo supportem klem, baondris, istri mo famli tri blong Orijinol klemant.

Long cross examination hemi talem se:

Bubu blong hem Jif Kalotrip Leel, hemi been reign long 1933, afta Jif Kalpram. Papa blong hem, hemi bladlaen blong Maseiman oli iordainem hem. Afta reign blong Jif Jack Kalotrip oli ordainem Siel Riman, then Jif Andy Riman II;

Jif Kalotrip Leel hemi naflak wit (nawita); hemi maretem Toulep;

Kalontan hemi wan waria blong Jif Maseiman;

Kalpoi mo Kalotiti tufalla ibrothers, tufalla iborn out long Leel mo Touriman Leiry

Witness ia hemi spokesman blong namba 3 kaonta-klemant we hemi withdrawem klem blong hem blong joinem Orijinol klemant from hemi talem se hemi respectem grand father blong hem Kalotrip Leel we hemi pledgem allegiance igo long Jif Maseiman.

BEN NLOGY KALOTITI, Witness namba 3, hemi tekem oath no hemi talem se

Hemi supportem klem, famli tri, istri mo baondris blong Orijinol klemant.
Hemi kamaot long bladlaen blong Maseiman be long saed long woman.

Long cross-examination hemi answa se: Kalotiti hemi followem naflak be Kalwaltman oli followem bladlaen;

Witness ia hemi refuse blong answerem plante kwestens blong olketa kaonta-klemants, sometime, hemi from we hemi no sure long answer; but plante time hemi deliberet blong leavim olketa kwestens ia oli stap blong next witness; imekem some kaonta-klemants oli notem disappointment blong olketa long hem.

ISSAC THOMAS KALSA, Witness namba 4, age 35 hemi tekem oath mo hemi talem se:

Hemi confirmem olketa toktok blong Orijinol klemants. Hemi agree wetem baondris, istri mo famli tri blong Orijinol klemant.

Long cross-examination hemi answer se:

Olgeta ansestas blong hem oli Guru mo warias..
Farea Emalfeng, Farea Ewot mo Farea Lueki oli stap under long olgeta munuwei warias. Kalontan hemi Jif blong olgeta warias, hemi muve wetem Jif; hemi save se Kalontan hemi gat graon but hemi no save se istap where?

ABLE KALMET SKATURE, witness Namba 5 tekem oath mo hemi talem se:

Maseiman hemi gat 3 waefs:

• Leisal, igat pikinini but hemi no wandem talem names blong olketa;
  
• Toupet hemi bornem Kalotukor, Kalteria, Kalotiti, Toumetoukor, Tousik mo Tourmermer Merei;
  
• Merei hemi no gat pikinini;
  

Jif Lor moTourango tufalla ikamaot long famli laen blong Kalwatman we hemi followem laen blong Kalotukor. Leitongpiau mo Kalmet Skature Yam tufalla ikamaot long laen blong Kalpram Marpit.

Long Cross examination hemi talem se:

Famli Kalmet, Kalotiti, Tousik mo Merei oli descendant blong Kalpram oli gat raet blong Garden long kraon blong Eurakot.
Kalomtak hemi salem land blong Kalpram now oli dethronem hem kasem tedei;
Taem Kalsal imuve daon long Eurakot hemi maretem Leipong blong Etefkao we nowia hemi Ernagir;

Analyses:

ORIJINOL KLEMANT: FAMLI KALPRAM COOKE MASEIMAN:

Baondri:

Taem yumi analysem olketa istri ia yumi save luk se spokesman blong Orijinol klemant hemi wandem mekem Kot ibilievim se Marik Kalsal hemi muve wetem ol "Munuwei" mo warias igo long final setelmen long Eurakot . Kalsal hemi maretem Leipong long farea blong Tefkau/Ernagir. Hemi gat 5 pikinini we hemi namem olketa, followem olketa main events we ihapen long laef blong hem.

Hemi start wetem baondri blong niu setelmen ia. Hemi hidem olketa baondris blong hem insaed name blong 3 pikinini blong hem: Kalpram, Kalfau mo Touser.

So first baondri (pram) istart long hill mo hemi longfalla igo daon long solwota.

Taem Kot ivisitim disputed land ia, Orijinol klemant hemi showem wan longfalla baondri we istart long wan stampa blong Nabanga long Eleo-Erasa ifollowem klif igo long narafala stampa blong Nabanga long fish market long Number 3. Afta hemi followem ol series blong nabanga igo kasem Emetper we hemi wan stampa blong nabanga long second lagon close up haos blong Rene Ah Pow.

Niu baondri (Kalfau) hemi start long hill Eleo-Erasa igo daon long solwota bakeken, long Vila Bay long Envet, fanis blong mobil long solwota, daon long foret blong catholic church blong Parey.

Last baondri blong hem (Touser) ifollowem bank blong water bitwin two masses blong drae land igo daon long maot blong solwota long Eraniau.

Afta, Kalsal isetem up Elkao, blong oli performem "welu" (kastom ritual) mo "Emetnai", blong lukaotem olketa wounded warias mo hemi putum Kalpram Marpit hemi in charge long tufalla .

Taem blong visit Able Kalmet wetem group blong hem oli showem tabu water "Eluksa", Emetnai, cannibal nasara, Emalfeng, Kastom nasara, Farea Ewot, Farea Lueki...

Elkao: Taem Kot hemi visitim land ia klemant ia hemi showem E-lkao. Kot iluk se hemi wan ples we igat stone wol ifollowem klif igo daon long solwota. Kalmet italem se oli stap mekem ritual blong changem olketa man into shark mo go daon long Eselpako blong go out long solwota.

Eselpako: hemi part blong Elkao, hemi meanim passis blong Shark. Long ples ia Kot hemi luk bigfalla stone wol. Wan cave mo wan kastom halta. Hemi easy blong belivim se igat some kastom ritual ihappen long ples ia bifo.

Kot inotem se daon long solwota, about 600 meters narasaed long main road hemi "Eselpako" igat wan laen blong bigbigfala stone reef start long "breakers resort" ikam kasem jetty blong "Le lagon Island resort", be just bitwin long blue Pango motel mo Seventh Day Adventist church, igat wan smol bay we istap stret long cave mo alta. Klemant ia hemi talem se hemi passis we munuwei Kalotukor hemi operate long hem; blong olketa man blong hem oli go mo kam back long hem taem oli changem olketa long sharks. Olketa famli blong klemant ia oli stap laef around long area ia tudei.

Istri italem se land ia, hemi blong olketa Munuwei mo warias, be igat plante munuwei mo warias. According long evidence blong orijinol kleman, Munuwei long taem blong Kalsal hemi Kalpram Marpit. Munuwei long taem blong Kalpram Cooke Maseiman hemi Kalotukor.

Orijinol klemant hemi talem se area we hemi showem long Kot long Eselpako hemi blong munuwei Kalotukor we hemi second born boy blong Kalpram Cooke Maseiman.

Igat evidence se Kalpram Marpit hemi givim "pumas land" long area ia long girl blong hem: Toupong Wiwi taem hemi maretem Kalomtak.

Kalomtak ia, hemi salem land long eria ia, long de Baros. Kalomtak mo Toupong Wiwi tufalla parents blong Kalmasei we hemi saenem convention blong skul Esnar. Oli berem Toupong Wiwi long erea blong "Le Lagon hotel". Orijinol klemant hemi showem ples blong grave blong hem: long first swimming pool blong "Le lagon hotel". Charley Kalmet for famili Wimak mo John Kalwat for famli Kalomtak oli showem se oli berem Wiwi around long area blong laundry blong hotel le lagon. But from we laundry ia hemi wan expansion or improvement blong hotel le lagon long recent years nomo, kot hemi think se hemi more probable se tomb blong Toupon Wiwi hemi stap stret long swimming pools blong "le Lagon" hotel tudei.

Hemi possible se Kalpram Marpit hemi servem Kalsal taem hemi stap around long Eleo-Eurakot we hemi baondri wetem Tefkao/Ernargir- Erasa mekem se Toupong Wiwi isave maretem John Kalomtak we oli talem se hemi boy blong Marik Nmak. Or

Hemi possible too se Kalotukor hemi tekem ples blong Kalpram Marpit mo operet long E-tukor. But wan thing hemi sure: E-tukor, Eselpako mo Emetnai hemi ples blong ol Munuwei. Warias mo Munuwei oli must work tugeta mo stap close long each other oltime.

Long side blong Emetper, Orijinol klemant hemi showem se baondri blong hem ifollowem bigfalla stone wol we irun istart long Envet mo go kasem long Emetper. Kot iluk se hemi more probable se bifo 1845, igat wan stone wol be hemi stap long klif we SDA church blong Portoriko istap long hem tudei, same stone wol ia hemi run igo long nabanga tri long Erasa. Main road we igo long warf tudei, hemi reklemed land: oli must katem stone wetem "daenmaet" mo bulldoze blong breakem stone wol blong katem road long stone blong go mo mekem Start warf mo main warf. Same stone wol ia irun followem klif blong Efare Baikor igo kasem pasis blong ol man Erakor long Plesaur mo Plebong. Klem hemi followem nabanga we istap long erea bitwin wan private Dentist (long foret blong Deou Motor) Socometra ifollowem klif igo daon long house blong Rene Ah pow. Followem baondri ia Ernagir mo Etefkau ino stap insaed.

Long first setelmen long Eleo oli showem Egmlel blong olketa, mo oli pointem out olketa klif mo namem olketa lands insead long Eleo. Oli showem too wan ancient road we olketa man Erakor oli been stap usum bifo blong go long Vila. Road ia hemi lead igo long Land Efilmahl antop long plateau, Sulunah long edge blong klif mo Ellapa bigfalla open space mo suldare. Wan important feature long ples ia hemi wan bigfalla cave we over 50 man isave go stap insaed long hem mo oli talem se: long war taem, oli stap hidem Jif blong olketa long ples ia. Oli showem too Erasa we oli more than 3 bigalla pits we oli klem se oli sakem body blong old ded man long war time insaed long hem.

Narasaed long Dream Cove oli showem passis we Kalterea hemi pul out long hem. Oli showem bigfalla stone wol we hemi served olsem military protection blong olketa.

Insaed long bush oli showem tabu cave blong olketa mo talem se taem pig hemi spolem garden tumas, bambae oli mekem sacrifaes long hem blong stoppem. Evidence ia Kalotiti Kaltapeng mo Kalpram Tuekot too oli confrmem.

Antop long Etumao oli showem "wotanman" narafala biggest cave we oli klem se tabu god blong olketa ibeen live long hem be hemi run away igo long Mataso wetem tufalla pikinini blong hem. (wan bigfalla mouth blong cave mo 2 smol wan long saed blong hem. Taem yumi stanap insaed long cave youmi save luk olsem 2 place we oli about 3 metre diameter).

Kalpram Marpit wetem Kalsal tufalla igat same age nomo; from according long istri blong Orijinol Klemant tufalla ijust maret taem tufalla isettle long Eurakot. Olketa pikinini blong tufalla oli reachim age blong maret long Eurakot. taem Christianity ikasem ples ia first born blong Kalsal hemi kasem age blong maret mor work blong "missy"; probably hemi gat bitwin 20-30 years taem hemi kasem nem "Cooke".

Kalpram Cooke hemi maretem Toupet we hemi girl blong Kalpram Marpit. Kalpram Marpit ia oli talem se hemi lukaotem Marae "Emetnai". Afta long maret ia Kalpram Cooke Maseiman hemi take over tufalla Marae ia "Elkao" mo "Emetnai"?

Kalpram Cooke imekem olsem Kalsal; hemi namem olketa pikinini blong hem followem olketa important events we oli happen long laef blong hem taem hemi stap long Eurakot Eleo:

1. Toumat-ekor meanim kastom we iblokem (t-kor). Hemi born mo ided;
   
2. Kalotukor nem ia hemi stone we oli markem baondri long hem "E-tukor" long Epro betwin Ni-velea mo Eurakot boundarie blong ol waria mo ol munuwei;
   
3. Kalterea nem ia hemi followem kastom blong hem we hemi laef istap long stampa Marea blong Eurakot we ikat 4 stampa namele iround long hem wetem laef giant na-talae we istap long wel mo ikat ol tabu stone oli roundem;
   
4. Kalotiti nem ia hemi followem fasin blong fight we waria oli pushum out (ti-natamol;) ol man long wan baondri;
   
5. Toumermer hemi meanim jif we hemi reign (te-mermer);
   
6. Tousik hemi meanim fasin we oli leftemap or ordainem jif (sik-Nawot)
   

Taem yumi analysem stori blong Kalpram "Cooke" Maseiman. Yumi save luk se olfalla Kalpram Cooke "Maseiman" hemi stap talem istri blong hem within boundri blong kraon ia through long names blong olketa pikinini blong hem; we iluk olsem hemi putum niu baondri, niu farea (kastom village), ronem out ol man (conquerem wan area by force); hemi stanap olsem Jif mo stap leftemap grade blong hem through long olketa victory fight blong hem. So igo olsem:

1. Toumat-ekor hemi gat intention blong blockem or marikem wan narafalla baondri blong hem within baondri blong Kalsal. hemi nomo continue wetem thinkthink ia from Toumat-ekor ided.
   
2. Taem Kalotukor iborn, Kalpram hemi go head wetem intention blong hem mo hemi markem baondri wetem wan stone oli callem E-Tukor, we hemi putum long E-pro blong separatem baondri blong hem wetem baondri blong olketa Ni-velea people;
   
3. Taem Kalterea ibon hemi plantem 4 namele tri around long wan bigfalla clamp shell mo putum ol stones around long hem. Kalterea bambae hemi kam Jif blong tekem ples blong hem.
   
4. Taem Kalotiti ibon hemi pushum out ol man long baondri blong hem. Hemi possible se Kalpram hemi setem up wan niu baondri long E-tukor hemi ronem out olketa man blong ples ia. Who olketa man ia? Hemi possible se oli some warias we oli kam daon wetem Kalsal? Or olketa native blong Ni-Velea?
   
5. Taem Toumermer ibon; oli putum up Kalpram Cooke ikam Jif Maseiman;
   
6. Taem Tousik ibon oli enforcem power blong hem bakeken so hemi kam more powerful.
   

Afta long reign long Jif Kalpram Cooke Maseiman, oli putum up Kalterea hemi Jif, but Jif ia hemi go away long taetel blong hem. Kot hemi no recordem any evidences long walk about blong hem. Sail away blong Kalterea ia imekem se Kastomeri taetel blong Jif isilip istap.

Few years afta, first born son blong Munuwei Kalotukor hemi maretem girl blong Munuwei Kalpram Marpit or Matokoale. Couple ia ibornem niu Jif. Munuwei Kalotukor wetem support blong Munuwei Kalpram Marpit istanep up Lor hemi Jif long 1909 oli ordainem boy blong hem: Kalpram Tuekot olsem Jif wetem Kalsakau Tarimata long Erauloa Point.

But bakeken, afta long Jif Kalpram (fus) ino gat wan proper kastomeri ordinesen. Long istri blong Orijinol Klemant iluk olsem Kalpram (Fus) hemi reign long 1909 kasem 1933. Hemia 38 years reign. Then Jifly taetel iswitch over igo long Kalotrip Leel. However orijinol klemant italem se Kalpram Fus hemi reign 6 months nomo, from hem "Prain'rau" (incest).

Hemi unfortunate we main spokesman NOEL TOKTOK KALUATMAN hemi no tekem witness box, from igat some kwestens we ino gat stret anwers long olketa we oli relate long submission blong orijinol kleman, we ol witnesses oli no answerem.
Sapos hemi been stanap olsem wan witness, bambae igat more klarifikesen hemi save helpem kot bigwan.

But olketa effort blong witness Brent Kalpram mo Abel kalmet oli givim plante light long case blong hem. Eventhough tufalla hemi young; Kot hemi luk se tufalla I gat wide mo gudfalla save long kastomeri istri blong Orijinol Klemant.

Jifly bladlaen:

Long Kastom blong Efate proper heir's blong wan Jifly taetel hemi must followem laen blong Jif igo daon kasem hem. Laen blong Jifly taetel hemi no must broke.

Hemi interesting blong luk se bladlaen blong Orijinol klemant hemi linkim hem too long Munuwei Kalpram Marpit, we hemi munuwei blong Farea Emalfeng through long girl blong Kalpram Marpit we hemi Leitongpiau.

Jifly laen blong Jif Kalpram Cooke Maseiman igo olsem:

1. Jif Kalterea hemi passem taetel ia long:
   
2. Jif Lor. Jif Lor, hemi passem taetel ia long:
   

100. Jif Kalpram fus. Afta long Jif Kalpram Fus, taetel ino followem stret rod blong hem, instead oli decide se Kalotrip Leel hemi Jif without taetel blong Maseiman, afta igo long Jif Siel Riman I mo Jif Andy Riman II.
     

Since 1933 taetel blong Jif hemi no kam back. Olketa descendants mo heirs blong Jifly taetel "Maseiman" oli no traem blong usum taetel ia bakeken. Hemia long kastom blong Efate hemi save causem unnecessary disputes, especially time taetel ia hemi silip longfalla taem tumas olsem long case ia.

Followem hemia kot ia hemi no save deklerem kastomeri onaship blong bigfalla baondri blong land we oli klemem igo under jurisdiction blong Jifly taetel.

Jifly taetel over long any larger baondri blong Eleo-Eurakot hemi must remen wetem last Jif we hemi ordained followem reign blong Jif Lor.

Olketa evidences we oli kam out oli showem se:

Orijinol klemants oli transparent mo consistent long presentation blong olketa we imekem se Kot ia hemi no gat difficulty blong followem stori blong ol Natives blong PANGO.

Furthermore Orijinol klemant oli save gud olketa kastom istri blong area ia wetem olketa language mo meaning blong olketa we oli makem sense. Stori blong olketa hemi rij long kalja mo kastom. Samthing ia now bambae hemi helpem Kot blong findem Kastomeri onaship blong Land.

However igat some minors confusion insaed long istri blong orijinol klemant; igat probability se igat confusion long family blong Kalpram Matokoale, Kalpram Cooke Maseiman mo Kalpram Tuekot. Trifalla ia oli blong PANGO mo oli closely connected wetem land ia.

Bifo Kot hemi decide long kastom onaship blong wan wan klemants we oli kam bifo kot ia, hemi important blong deklerem baondris blong trifalla village ia.

Findings:

• Marik Kalsal hemi Papa blong Kalpram Cooke Maseiman;
  
• Kalsal wetem Munuwei mo Warias blong hem oli settlers long land blong Eleo-Eurakot long immemorial taem;
  
• Kalpram Cooke Maseiman hemi born long Eleo-Eurakot mo hemi settem out new baondri blong hem.
  
• Baondri ia now igo long Munuwei Kalotukor mo olketa descendants blong hem;
  
• Baondris blong Munuwei Kalotukor hemi start long Elkao igo kasem long E-tukor mo ifollowem stone ridge igo antap long hill kasem Vila harbour. Land ia hemi ELEO-EURAKOT-. (see the map).
  
• Olketa famli blong orijinol kleman, we oli kam bifo long Kot oli direct descendants blong Kalpram Cooke through long Kalotukor.
  

KAONTA-KLEMANT 1 – NAFLAK NAWI NATONGRAU –V- FAMLI KALPRAM COOKE MASEIMAN:

Mr. Paton, long saed blong klemant ia hemi muvum applikesen blong hemi discontinue olsem Kaonta Klemant namba 1 againstem Orijinol Klemant, paramount Jif Toktok Kalpram Cook MASEIMAN & Descendants oli supportem klem blong Orijinol Klemant.

Kot hemi no receivim mo hemi no recordem any objection from olketa narafalla kaonta klemants, hemi:

1. Grantem applikesen blong discontinue kaonta-klemant 1 Famli Nawi Natongrau;
   
2. Kot imekem orda se kot fees we Kaonta klemant No 1 oli pem igo long Vanuatu Government thru long Efate Aelan Kot, bambae oli no save refundem;
   

KAONTA-KLEMANT 2 – FAMLI NAWITA v KALPRAM COOKE MASEIMAN

Mr. Bill Kalpoi Kalontan, hemi mekem wan oral applikesen we hemi klem se hemi filem documents blong hem last year but Kot hemi seems blong ignorem; Long applikesen ia hemi askem leave blong discontinue olsem Kaonta Klemant 2 under long naflac.

Kot hemi no receivim mo hemi no recordem any objection from olketa narafalla kaonta klemants; hemi:

1. Grantem applikesen blong discontinue kaonta-klemant
   
2. Kot imekem orda se kot fees we klemant No 2 ipem igo long Vanuatu Government thru long Efate Aelan Kot, bambae oli no save refundem;
   

KAONTA-KLEMANT 3 – FAMLI KALOTITI KALOTRIP LEE KALONTAN –V KALPRAM COOKE MASEIMAN

Bruce Kalotiti Kalotrip Leel Kalontan hemi applae from leave blong discontinue olsem Kaonta Klemant 3 against Orijinol Klemant, paramount Jif Toktok Kalpram Cook MASEIMAN & Descendants hem wetem members blong hem oli supportem klem blong Orijinol Klemant.

Afta we Kot hemi considerem application ia:

1. Hemi grantem applikesen blong discontinue kaonta-klemant 3 famli Kalotiti Kalotrip Leel Kalontan;
   
2. Kot imekem orda se kot fees we klemant No 3 oli pem igo long Vanuatu Government thru long Efate Aelan Kot, bambae oli no save refundem;
   

KLEMANT FAMLI KALPRAM TUEKOT –v- KALPRAM COOKE MASEIMAN

Spokesperson blong kaonta klemant ia hemi Mr. Johnson Wapayat Director General blong Ministry blong health (long taem ia).

Kaonta klemant hemi basem klem blong hem long:

1. MARIK NAOT KALPRAM KALUATMAAN TUEKOT & DESCENDANTS
   
2. EXCEPTION LONG GENERAL RULE BLONG PATRILINAL KASTOM BLADLAEN - MATULEP SERAH,
   
3. ANCESTRAL KASTOM LAND BAONDRI.
   

Taem hemi presentem klem blong hem hemi prodiucim wan smol buk, entaetel "
MARIK NAOT KALPRAM KALUATMAAN TUEKOT & DESCENDANTS- kleimenNo. 15-

Baondri:

[Image 2]

Long introduction blong hem hemi givim brief tok save blong 7 different periods we man ipass through blong kasem wan modern setelmens olsem long Eurakot:

1. Migratory period: Tabu Storian blong how population ia hemi start, hemi very rij mo treasurem plante value we imekem se few people nomo oIi save...Famli blong hem ikam long Tabu Storian blong Suopus.
   
2. Legendary period: Ol man Epang-tue oli ol kaen man we yumi save talem se oli ol longfalla man olgeta nao oli oldest tribe blong South Efate. Bifo long taem, ibeen gat man long South Efate (Erakor, Pango area) be igat wan devel I stap kakai olgeta man gogo igat 2 olfalla nomo we devel imestem tufala. Tufalla I stap hide long bigfalla cave long hill blong ETUMAAU. Tufalla I stap pispis long wan hole blong sopsop wood mo wan nabilak I stap go swim mo drink long hem. Wan dei Nabilak ia hemi putum wan egg mo wan smol boy ikamaut long egg ia. Tufalla ifindem smol boy ia mo putum name blong hem "SUOPUS". Hemi grow up olsem wan quiet, waes, lonely, quick mo dangerous man. Papa blong Suopus hemi blokem hem blong no fishing long EFARPAU EPKAITLAI from devel bambae iluk hem. But hemi desobei so tufalla olfalla blong hem tufalla ironwe long hem. Tufalla igo hide long Eleo. Soon afta, devel hemi sendem tu polis blong hem ikam from Mele Bay. Devel ia hemi live long Apaunapkas antap long hill. Long taem ia, Suopus hemi luk kenu finis from hemi stap antop long hill Etu-Maau...Afta long few fights, devel hemi feel se bambae Suopus iwinnim hem, mekem se hemi mekem wan tabu promes wetem Suopus blong Suopus hemi save letem devel hemi laef mo go back. Devel ipromes blong putum back every people we hemi kakai. Devel hemi go back long EPAUNAPKAS mo singaot ikam back long SUOPUS se:
   

"Mtuan ipul ki Nfak".

Some 100 years afta ol muvement blong people imuv igo long South Efate hemi evidence mo answer blong tabu promes ia...Ples blong Suopus now hemi populated first.

3. White settlers,
   
4. pre-evangelism,
   
5. trade evolution,
   
6. church planting
   
7. organized vilejs' periods: Olketa first settlers oli French man we oli settled long area we tudei yumi save olsem "Port Vila". Olgeta narafalla national oli muve ikam from problem blong mosquitoes imekem oli mast kam settle long Vila. Through long setelmens ia olketa churches oli stap established mo bringim olketa surrounding smol tribes ikam wanples. Christianity hemi playem wan biggest part blong organisem ol leaders mo trenem olketa blong rulum ol communities followem niu system blong keepim order long society. Long taem ia, long South Efate church now hemi ordainem olketa Jifs.
   

Muvement blong samfalla vilejs:

Afta we Suopus hemi defeatim devel, parents blong hem tufalla imuve out long Eleo mo go live wetem hem long Epang-tue. Suopus hemi save communicate wetem olketa spirits too. Suopus mo woman blong hem tufalla imuve igo long Efarpau blong mekem hemi easy long saed blong fishing. Tufalla ibornem Tuekot. Tuekot hemi gat 12 Narup or waef.

Olketa man oli stap muve igo long Epang follewem toktok ia: "Mtuan I pul ki nfak".

Same force ia, imekem Erakor iexist from ol man Erantpau oli muve ikam long Etmat mo olketa we oli kam daon long hill, olketa vilej we istat long Egmelpau then Ekasuvat. Be sickness "daerea" istap kilim plante man now, iforcem olketa blong oli muve igo long Eraniao.

Istri:

Around year 1400-1500 Marik Maauliu wetem Toutrapon tufalla I live long Etu Maau. Tufalla ifindem mo ilukaotem SUOPUS. SUOPUS hemi kilim devel, mo papa blong hem Marik Maauliu givim taetel blong Kaluatmaan long hem. Suopus imaretem Tounaar mo tufalla I bornem Tuekot.

Around year 1600-1800 Marik Maau Kaltwatmaan Tuekot hemi itekem 12 woman. Olketa woman ia now oli bornem olketa first people long EpangTue. Namba 12 waef blong hem, hemi Linae. Woman ia hemi drift from River blong Teouma long wan heavy rain, igo long solwota mo go shore long Epangtuei. Tuekot hemi tekem Linae tufalla imuve igo live long Eurakoot. Tuekot mo Linae tufalla gat strong power tumas long kastom, mekem se ples we tufalla I live long hem, hemi tabu tumas, oli callem TAPKOR. Hemia now hemi Eurakoot. Hemia hemi wan tabu ples tumas. Bifo, ol man oli no stap go tumas long Eurakot sapos no bambae man I save ded.

Marik Maau kalwatmaan Tuekot mo Linae last woman blong hem tufalla igat 1 boy name blong hem LOOR.

Loor hemi maretem Toutali mo tufalla ibornem Kalpram we hemi Marik Jif Kalpram Kaluatmaan Tuekot; Toukot; Kalwatman, Toutatak mo Leitau. Kalpram hemi maretem Toumor Uiui.

Around 1800-1900 Kalpram mo Toumor Uiui tufalla I bornem Matulep Sera Toumermer hem wan nomo. Matulep Sera Toumermer hemi maretem Kalorip Kaluaat mo tufalla ibornem Fred mo Gabriella Touuiui we hemi maretem Kalto-I mo tufala ibornem Totar; Toumor; Kaloi; Tousong, Smon, Saima, Lisbeth, Johnson mo Serah.

Orijinal kleman hemi admitim se Kalpram Tuekot hemi last Jif blong Pango we oli ordenem hem wetem Tarimata Kalsakau I, hemi pikinini blong bigfalla Jif Lor. Hemi confirm se Kalpram Tuekot hemi Jif blong pango we hemi ordained long Erauloa wetem Jif blong Ifira long 1909. Oli confirm too se Matulep Serah hemi unik pikinini girl blong Kalpram Tuekot.

Hemi producim 3 witnesses:

Witness MANUA ALBERT Hemi gat 68 years 2 months. Hemi oldest witness we igivim evidence. Hem talem se hemi never hearem se olketa ansestas blong hem oli kam from Ravenga. Hemi save se oli native blong Eleo. Jif Lor hemi papa blong Kalwatman mo Kalpram. Kalpram hemi first born blong Jif Lor, second born hemi Kalwatman. Wife blong Lor hemi Toutaki. Hemi never hearem about Kalpram "Cooke"; hemi save Kalpram Tuekot nomo. Kalpram Tuekot Kalwatmaan, hemi tekem taetel blong Jif afta papa blong hem: Jif Lor. Siel Reiman hemi kam Jif from hemi son blong Toukot Kalwatman we hemi sister blong Kalpram Tuekot.

Taem hemi stap answer cross examination hemi talem se:

Hemi save se Kalpram Tuekot hemi maretem Toumor blong Pango tufalla igat 1 girl named Serah. Serah igat 13 years finis taem oli ordenem Kalpram ikam Jif. Ati Toumor itekem Serah igo long Erakor taem Kalpram Tuekot ided.

Kalsakau mo Kalpram tufalla Kastom jifs blong erea ia. Oli ordainem tufalla long 1909. Hemi talem se afta long ordinesen ibeen gat peace, be article 73 mo 74 now imekem problem. Kalwatmaan hemi taetel blong Kalpram Tuekot. Hemi passem igo long Serah Matulep Toumermer. Egmalalim hemi wan long olketa Tabu place blong Kalpram Tuekot long Eurakot.

Group blong hem mo group blong Orijinol klemant oli come out long one famli tri nomo; be oli no save join together from group blong Orijinol Klemant oli no save admitim se Kalpram Tuekot hemi first born.

Hemi confirm se wife blong hem ikamaot long side blong Kalwatman (orijinol kleman). Mama blong hem girl blong kalwatman mo land blong hem istap long Ekpeliu. Kalpram igivim land long mama blong hem be ino Kaltal. Hemi work long land blong papa blong hem.

Taem hemi givim evidence blong hem, hemi showem se hemi famli wetem Kalpram Cooke Maseiman mo Kalpram Tuekot. Mo everyone isave gud stori blong Suopus we hemi kastom stori blong orijin blong Pango people.

Evidence blong witness ia hemi showem too se Famli Kalpram Tuekot now oli holem last Jifly taetel blong Eurakot. Evidence ia Orijinol Klemant hemi confirmem too.

Witness Hardy Siel Riman hemi brother blong Jif Andy Riman II.
Toktok, Kaltal mo Edward now oli decide se bambae Siel Riman ikam Jif. According long buk blong Orijinol klemant, trifalla man ia oli kamaot long famli blong Kalpram Marpit 1 we hemi Munuwai blong Farea Egmalfeng. 2 long trifalla: Kaltal mo Edward tufalla pikinini blong Kaluatman wetem Annie.

Kwesten se sapos Kaluatman hemi first born why oli no been putum hem or any pikinini blong hem ikam Jif? why oli continue blong givim taetel igo long Siel long 1966 afta long reign blong Kalotrip? Siel hemi pikinini blong Toukot mo pupu blong Jif Lor.

Igat allegation se thinkthink blong man hemi boss oltaem, imekem se ino gat wan man ithinkthink long raet blong Serah we hemi unik pikinini blong Kalpram Tuekot. Mo olketa man Pango oli no gat respect long Serah, mekem se hemi lusum raet blong hem blong olketa man Pango oli luk save hem. Antop long hem, Serah ino gat wan ples blong save voicem raet blong hem long hem kasem tudei.

But famli blong Riman oli continu blong stap pem "Nasaotong" igo long olfalla Serah.

Hemi confirm se hem; olsem pikinini blong Jif hemi luk bubu blong hem (Siel Riman I)stap tekem kakae igo long Elkao blong go givim long Serah long Eraniau.

Witness MORRISON hemi confirmem evidences blong 1st mo 2nd witnesses.

Long ples ia igat strong challenge long istri blong Jif Lor. Orijinol klemant hemi agree se Tousong hemi Naflac Nawinatongrau mo hemi mama blong Jif Lor.

Analyses:

So who hemi Jif Lor? Kwesten ia, hem important from hemi save disclosem stret identity blong Kalpram Tuekot mo Kalpram Cooke Maseiman.

Main evidence blong kaonta kleman ia hemi showem se Jif LOR hemi pikinini blong Marik Maau Kalwatmaan Tuekot mo Linae we hemi last woman blong hem. Marik Maau Kalwatman igat 12 woman. Linae hemi gat Loor wetem Marik Maau Kalwatmaan. But according long famili tri blong Kalpram Cooke Maseiman; orijinol kleman ishowem se Lor hemi pikinini blong Kalotukor we hemi Munuwei. Wife blong Lor hemi Leitongpiau we hemi girl blong Kalpram Marpit.

Kalpram Tuekot mo Kalpram Cook Maseiman oli agree se Jif Lor hemi papa blong Kalpram Fus mo Kalwatman. Orijinol klemant hemi talem se wife blong hem, hemi Leitongpiau mo hemi bornem Kaltwatman, Kalpram (fus), Toukot, Leitau mo Toutatak; be Kaonta kleman ia hemi talem se wife blong Loor hemi Toutaki tufalla ibornem Kalpram we hemi Marik Jif Kalpram Kaluatmaan Tuekot; Toukot; Kalwatman, Toutatak mo Leitau. Kalpram hemi maretem Toumor Uiui.

Long side blong Jif Lor, evidence blong Kalotiti Kaltapeng hemi been produsim wan famili tri we hemi relatem olketa naflac bladlaen blong Kalorip Mau-Tfer; hemi refer long Jif Lor we hemi brata blong Kaltol, Touliu, Tourango Leilmol se mama blong olketa hemi Leipepwak; naflac Naniu mo papa blong olketa Kalomtak naflac Noai Raa. Hemia hemi no same Kalomtak Kaka blong Erakor naflac Namkanrr we imaretem Toupong.

So Hemi still no clear se Loor hemi pikinini blong Leipepwak Naflac Naniu,Toutali or Leitonpiau? But hemi no wan issue long kes ia from oli klem followem bladlaen raet. However, bladlaen blong who?

Kaonta kleman hemi showem se Lor hemi stret native blong Pango particularly hemi born long Etu-Maau; whereas orijinol klemant hemi showem se hemi pikinini blong Kalotukor we hemi wan Munuwei.

Kalotiti Kaltapang hemi talem se hemi save about egg blong Nabilak. moral behind long stori ia se: Egg hemi savior blong ol people blong Pango; symbol blong niu laef. Hemi reflectem future se bambae Christianity hemi come shore long Pango mo hemi showem caractar mo well being blong Pango people. Hemi revealim se Tabu weapon we Suopus hemi usum hemi "NTAKOT"

Mau-liu hemi half human mo half spirit. Mau-Kalwatmaan hemi baby we ikamaot long egg blong Nabilak.
Hemi confirm se devel we istap kakae man hemi live long Pwanapkas close long Mele. From stori ia mor Victory blong Suopus imekem se igat intermarej bitwin tufala ples.

Stori hemi tok about some powers blong Evil/bad mo Good/Christian olsem we Kalotiti Kaltapang hemi describem se hemi wan kastom stori we effect blong hem istap yet tudei we iluk Efate hemi Capital City blong Vanuatu.

Findings:

Kalpram Tuekot hemi pikinini boy blong Jif Lor. Hemi become Jif long 1909. Taem hemi Jif Matulep Sera hemi born finis long 1895; so people mo kastom ibin acceptem marej blong hem.
The only reason we orijinol klemant hemi talem blong showem se Jif ia hemi lusum raet blong hem, over any land hemi "breach blong rule blong kastom marej"; but ino gat enough evidence blong provum hemia.

Hemi easy blong gat confusion long olketa famli tri, from olketa names blong olketa ansestas oli stap laef followem olketa descendants blong olketa kasem tudei. hemi hard blong tracem stret istri afta so many years. Long ples ia credit igo long Orijinol Klemant, Kalpram Tuekot mo Kalotiti Kaltapeng we oli givim some very relevant evidences blong breakem through olketa ancien wols; Kastom tabus blong olketa ansestas blong luk clearly origin blong tribe blong Pango vilej.

Kalpram Tuekot hemi native blong Etoomou. Hemi direct descendant blong Jif Lor. Hemi gat wan brother name blong hem Kalwatman mo 3 sisters: Toukot, Leitau mo Toutatak. Hemi gat wan unik girl name blong hem Matulep Serah Tonunu, Serah hemi guardian blong taetel blong kastom Jif blong disputed lands ia, kasem tudei. Taetel ia, igat jurisdiction over long big land we oli kollem tudei Eleo-Eurakot mo Ettoomoo we hemi including.

Long saed blong istri blong reign blong olketa Jifs afta long 1909, iluk olsem concept blong Christianity hemi imposem some structures blong hem long laef blong olketa people long taem ia we imekem se, plante stret kastom fasen ilus.

FAMLI KALOTITI KALTAPENG –V- KALPRAM COOKE MASEIMAN

Spokesperson blong kaonta klemant ia, hemi Mr. Kalotiti kirkir Kaltapeng.

Hemi basem klem blong hem long:

1. NAFLAC KRAM OR KASTOM KLAN BLONG PARAMOUNT JIF BLONG EURAKOT TOTAU KALONIER MASEIMERMAN;
   
2. FIRST KLAN WE HEMI ESTABLISHED LONG EURAKOT;
   
3. ANCESTRAL KASTOM LAND BAONDRI.
   

Taem hemi presentem klem blong hem hemi prodiucim wan smol buk, entaetel "NAFLAK KRAM", wetem picture blong 2 shells mo 1 sugar cane.

Hemi introdusim klem blong hem blong talem se Totau hemi white faol we isymbolisem peace. Igat Totau Mau mo Totau Pun.

Nier hemi meanim ol instrument blong figth we hemi stap usum blong fight semtaem hemi defendem hem wan wetem ol pipol blong hem.

Hemi klemem Eurakot we istap long map below:

[Image 3]

1.Eraulo (Etafkau) tabu ples Apu Katsa.

2. Engmaululeb (Emetper) tapu ples Apu Katsa.

3.Tiddock (Emakur) tapu ples mumu kotkot.

4. Ewornagir (Emetnat) tapu ples

5. Engmeltaurik

6. Engmelalim (Vilij name Etao)

Hemi talem se apart from Naflak Nfa, Naflack Kram hemi wan long ol fes Kastom Klan or Naflac we oli aot long Ancient vilij blong olketa we oli kolem Tokolarik long erea blong Ewor antap long Bouffa.

Baondris blong olketa long disputed land ia hemi followem olketa setelmens blong olketa taem blong muvement blong olketa.

olketa names long map ia oli identifyaem klem blong olketa.

Hemi klem se ol kastom name blong ol graon or setelmen ia, oli folowem kastom blong Pango.

Under long kastom blong Efate, Tribe or Naflack nomo iboss mo ownem ol kastom graon ia.

Igat 2 vilij blong Pango: Epang Tuei long Pango Point we Naflac Nfa istap long hem mo long Eurakot we Naflak kram oli settle long hem.

Oli klem se Jif Roymata hemi createm Naflac blong unaetem evry man long Efate; mekem se taem wan man Efate hemi muv igo long narafala vilej bambae hemi gat ples blong stap o work long hem insaed long niu vilej ia. Example Naflac Kram blong Erakor bambae igat kraon blong work long hem long Naflac kram blong wan narafala vilej.

Long kastom blong Efate man igat raet blong stap long graon folem laen blong traeb o klan blong olketa mo folem histri blong olketa we igo back jeneresen bifo. So long kastom blong Efate ino gat wan land we man isave talem se hemi stap nating or inogat man iownem.

Kraon hemi blong klan, hemi blong everyone insaed long wan komiuniti.

Jif blong Naflac now bambae hemi sherem out graon. Olsem long 1930 Jif Kalotrip hemi sherem land blong Epang Tuei,mo start long taem ia nomo, olketa man Pango oli save onem wan land. Taetel 224 hemi no share yet; so land ia hemi still stap long Jif blong Naflac blong hemi decide long hem.

Long kastom blong Efate o Pango, land raet ipass through long woman (Naflac blong hem). Man hemi save stap long kraon blong mama blong hem, be klan now hemi onem kastom graon.

Thinkthink blong onem wan graon o blong gat raet long wan graon folem loa (bladlaen) oli niu thinkthink we oli jas kam nomo long Pango wetem olketa trade mo missy. Olketa thinkthink ia, imekem igat plante rong thinktnink mo plante raorao long saed blong hu stret ionem graon.

During migration period blong ol man long Bouffa ol man oli been muve out long grups or klans. Tufalla first klan we oli aot long eria blong Bouffa mo kam daon long Pango hemi Naflac Nfa mo Naflak Kram.

Orijinol ples blong Naflac Nfa hemi:

Eworkau or Erkao mo oli go settle long

Elaknaflep,

Egmeltauleb

Etasrik

Elaenabul (Efarpkau),

Elolfaisao long Epangtuei.

Orijinol ples blong Naflac Kram, hemi Tokolarik mo kam doan long Etao. Kalorib Maoutfer now hemi leadim olkgeta ikam. Hemi waria blong Naflac Kram. Name blong hem Maoutfer imean se hemi nogut olsem solwora taem hemi raf. Munuwei blong olketa hemi Kalotukor hemi blong lukluk road blong olketa taem oli stap workboat ikam. Kalotukor hemi mean man we iblokem. Hemi olsem wan kleva, sapos igat obstacle long road blong olketa, bambae hemi luk finis mo warnem warias. So tufalla ia Mau-tfer mo Kalotukor nao oli mekem olketa memba blong klan oli feel sef mo travel longfala distance ikam long Eurakot. Name ia Maoutfer hemi kamaot long name blong lake we istap long eria blong Bouffa we oli kolem Maoutfer. Igat 3 Kram oli muve tugeta. Kram Nakpkrai, Kram Pong mo Kram Tata. Oli settle long Ewornagir (opposite inomakas store). Then oli devide long 3 grups mo separate: Naflac Kram Pong mo Kram tata igo daon long Erakoro mo settle long Ekasufat mo Naflac Kram Nakpraei igo long Pango long Eurakot.

Intermarej hemi mekem se igat olketa narafalla Naflac olsem:

- Naniu
- Naptam
- Noai
- Natongrao
- Wit
- Mgal,
- Tufalla kram (Pong mo Tata)

Taem tufalla ikam, tufalla iwork long kraon blong Naflac Kram, from we oli same bladlaen nomo we oli kam tugeta from Ewor mo settle long Ewornangir. Paramount Jif blong Naflac Kram nakprai now hemi sharem olketa kraon long olketa narafala Naflac we oli kam afta.

Inside long wan komunity ol pipol oli putumap wan paramount Jif we I representem olketa long evri issue blong Komunity. Sapos ol pipol oli no hapi long ruling blong paramount Jif ia, people blong hem oli save putum out hem.

Igat 2 exampol long kes ia long Pango Vilij we ol pipol oli putum out Jif Kalpram boy blong Jif Lor mo Jif Kalotrip. Hemia hemi meanim se Komuniti iwonem paramount Jif, but ino paramount Jif iwonem komunity.

Insaed long komunity I gat paramount Jif mo under long paramount Jif ia igat olketa Jifs blong naflac we oli helpem paramount Jif blong runem business blong vilej. Each Jif blong each Naflac hemi responsible long olketa members blong naflac blong hem. Sapos igat dispute insaed long olketa people blong hem, bambae hem now hemi solvem. Sapos igat problem bitwin naflac blong hem mo narafala naflac bambe tufalla Jifs itraem blong stretem, sapos oli no save stretem bambae oli tekem igo long paramount Jif. So Jif now hemi sharem kraon igo long komunity.

Dispute ino gat insaed long graon blong naflac from man igat raet blong usum graon nomo be ino long ownem graon. Graon iblong every member blong naflac. Bladlaen onaship blong graon now hemi causem too much disputes.

Olketa Jifs ia, oli paramount Jif blong Komuniti blong Eurakot long taem bifo kasem tetei:

1. Totau Kalonier (Maseimerman 1) kram nakprai;
2. Kalpram (1) Marik Matokoale (Naniu)
3. Lorr (Naniu)
4. Kalpram Tuekot (2) Natongrau
5. Kalotrip (wit)
6. Siel Riman (1) natongrau
7. Andy Riman (2) Naniu
   

Jif blong Naflac:

1. Nawot Marik Pule Faat Naflac Kram

2. Nawot Marik Naloman Naflac Nfa

3. Nawot Marik Vanua riki Naflac naniu

4. Nawot Marik Leoan Naflac Nawi

5. Nawot Marik Kut Tasirr Naflac Naptam

6. Nawot Marik Mama Tasur Naflac Wit

7. Nawot Marik Talikon Naflac Nmaal

Olketa klan ia, oli kamaot long Tokolarik long Ewor antap long Bouffa. Oli settle long:

1. Eraulo
2. Emaululebt (Smet today)
3. Tiddock (Today)
4. Ewornangir
5. Eleo
6. Egmeltaurik
7. Egmelalim vilej blong olketa oli kolem Etau.
   

Nems ia oli similar long olketa names blong Bouffa.

Orijinol kleman hemi talem se long Kastom, Naflac hemi no save ownem land. Hemi admittim se Kalotiti Kaltapeng hemi descendant blong Leisal. Hemi confirm too se Kalotiti Kut hemi maretem Leitares tufalla black Evangelist long Wala, Malekula. Mo se Olketa ansestas blong olketa, oli givim land ia long ansestas blong Kalotiti Kaltapang blong hem work long hem nomo but ino blong ownem.

Kalotiti hemi prodiusim 5 witness:

JOHN KALMET SKATURE, hemi gat 48 years – (bifo witness ia hemi talem any toktok long Kot, hemi enterem Kot wetem full dressing long Kastom, hemi paintem face blong hem, red mo white, hemi karem spear. Hemi mekem wan spectacular entrance long Kot. Hemi endem ceremony blong hem, wetem wan kastom danis, singsing long sound blong tamtam.) Song we hemi singim hem about "Red shark" long Eselpako. Shark ia hemi blong Astangel.

Taem oli askem blong hem identifaem hem, hemi singaot olsem rooster. Hemi continu blong introdusim olketa spears we hemi kam wetem; hemi talem long Kot se appearance blong hem, hemi showem naflac blong hem: "rooster".

Long cross examination hemi talem se:

Kalfori hemi papa blong Kaltapeng Kalotiti. Hemi no blong Ifira. Kalfori ia now isalem land long 1881 from hemi land ona. long taem ia.

Totau Kalonier hemi wan waria first taem afta hemi just kam Jif.

Kalpram Marpit hemi wan munuwei blong Marae Egmalfeng.

Taem oli marikem baondris, igat 2 naflacs nomo: gram mo Nawi.

Taem Kalonier oli kam, igat man finis long ples ia. Maseiman hemi Jif istap.

Kaloros hemi naflac Nmleo same marik wetem Orijinol Klemant.

Igat wan narafala tribe long Epang-tuei, olketa iklemem settement blong olketa nomo.

Hem, wetem Able Kalmet, tufalla iblong same family nomo be

Witness ia hemi klem under Gram blong Leitares - Kalorip (Mautfer); Witness Able Kalmet hemi klem under long bladlaen blong Kalpram Cooke Maseiman-Kalotiti kut

KALOTITI KIRKIR KALTAPENG, 67 years, witness 2, promes mo talem se:

Gram tata now hemi marikem land;

Mama blong kalotiti Kirkir hemi Leisal. Leisal hemi sister blong Kalmet mo Shem. Hemi stap mekem garden long land blong naflac Gram. Uncle blong hem inheritem land ia through long Leitares we hemi wife blong Kalotiti. Leitares ia hemi girl blong Totau Kalonier

Totau Kalonier hemi maretem ati Maret, afta oli chosum hem ikam Jif blong naflac Gram.

Hemi confirm se papa blong Kaltapeng hemi Kalfori. Hemi live long Eurakot firstaem, afta hemi just muve igo long Ifira.

Kalmet Skature hemi iownem land through long gram.

Naflac gram oli work antop long Eleo.

JOE BOMAL CALO - Witness 3

Land blong Eleo, hemi blong olketa blong Kram Tata. Hemi supportem olketa long dispute ia from hemi believe se land ia hemi blong Kram. Papa blong hem Kalotukor, hemi pikinini blong Touran. Touran hemi pikinini blong Touskor we hemi naflac natongrau. Touskor hemi gat 2 sisters: Toupon mo Leitonpiau.

Papa blong Joe Bomal Calo, Sus, hemi blong Santo. Emakur hemi land blong Kram; Ol Guru now oli live long hem;

Long 2004 igat wan land case we olketa descendants blong Litares oli winim case blong land ia long basis blong bladlaen raet –we hemi exception long principle rule.

Olketa everyone ikamaot long wan famli tri nomo. Orijinol Klemant oli klem under long Kalpram mo olketa ia oli klem under long Totau Kalonier.

Kalmet Skature we hemi stap wetem Orijinol klemant hemi naflac Natongrau, wife blong hem Tourango, tufalla iadoptem Leitares.

CHRISTOPHER YOAN, witness 4 hemi talem se;

Land hemi followem naflac; hemi confirmem toktok blong olketa previous klemants. Papa blong hem iblong Ambrym;

JOE LANI KALTAPAU, witness 5 hemi talem se:

Bubu man blong hem, hemi Totau Kalonier, hemi namba 5 jeneresen; land hemi folowem naflac. Hemi cousin-brother blong Kalmet Skature long side blong mama blong tufalla; be hemi no save link bitwin hem mo Orijinol klemant;

Papa blong hem, hemi Paul. Papa blong Paul hemi Lani. Papa blong Lani hemi Kaltapau.

Apu lani hemi brother blong Maret. Lydia, sister blong Langi hemi maretem Kalomtak; tufalla igat 4 pikinini, 2 boys mo 2 girls. Wan long olketa hemi Rachel we hemi maretem Peter mo first born blong tufalla hemi Peter Kalmos; So Peter Kalmos wetem hem tufalla igat same raet nomo.

Brother blong Lani hemi Albert, boy blong Albert, hemi Nano.
Totau Kalonier 2 hemi maretem Tourango; Loor hemi maretem Leitong-piau sister blong Totaul Kalonier;Totaul Kalonier hemi papa blong Loor;Totau Kalonier mo Leitong-piau ino gat pikinini tufalla iadoptem Leel;

Analyses:

Kalotiti Kirkir Kaltapeng hemi klem under long naflac Kram tata blong mama blong hem Leisal. Leisal hemi girl blong Leitares blong Erakor we imaretem Kalotiti kut. Kalotiti Kut hemi brother blong Kalpram Cooke, second husband blong Toupet Limatar. hemi talem se hemi klem followem kram blong woman Erakor.

Orijinol kleman hemi talem se long Kastom, Naflac hemi no save ownem land. Hemi admittim se Kalotiti Kaltapeng hemi descendant blong Leisal. Hemi confirm too se Kalotiti Kut hemi maretem Leitares mo tufalla black Evangelist long Wala, Malekula. Mo, se Olketa ansestas blong olketa, oli givim land ia long ansestas blong Kalotiti Kut blong hem work long hem nomo but ino blong ownem.

Kot iobservem gud oldfalla Kalotitit taem hemi stap presentem case blong hem. Hemi save gud kastom mo istri blong hem. Infact istri blong hem ichallengem bigwan istri blong Orijinol Klemant.

From hemi save name blong every ancestral baondris mo names blong every oldfalla blong Epang-Tuei, Eurakot mo Epang-Faum. Oldfalla Kalotiti hemi no man blong toktok, mo taem hem traem blong explainem something hemi tekem taem, hemi slow mo vocabulary blong hem ino ready wetem olketa words we hemi needim kwick taem; plante taem hemi give up from hemi no gat words blong explainem thinkthink blong hem; but hemi klearem gud issue we istap long dispute mo hemi honest.

Written istri blong hem, hemi clear se hemi kamaot long Leisal. Leisal hemi girl blong Kalotiti mo Leitares.

Challenge we ikamaot long ples ia: Kalotiti Kaltapeng hemi agri se Kaloros, Leipok mo Kalpram (Cooke) oli brothers mo sister.

Kalpram hemi maretem Toupet Leimatar mo tufalla ibornem Kalotiti, Kalotukor, Kaltere mo Tousik.

Be Kalotukor mo Kaltere tufalla ided. Whereas Orijinol klemant hemi talem se Kalotukor hemi become munuwei; hemi maretem Tousong mo tufalla ibornem Lor we hemi papa blong Kaluatman mo Kalpram Fus we hemi become Jif long 1909. Oli talem too se Kalterea hemi sail away.

Unfortunatly Orijinol klemant hemi no elaborate long identity mo famli tri blong Kalotukor mo Kalterea. Kalotiti Kirkir hemi talem se igat wan Kalotukor we hemi munuwei but hemi no papa blong Lor followem laen we Orijinol klemant hemi believem.

Hemi interesting blong luk se Orijinol Klemant mo kaonta-klemant ia tufalla ikamaot long same famli tri nomo, be tufalla igat confusing istri.

Sapos yumi followem gud istri ia bambae yumi luk se Kalotiti Kaltapeng hemi uncle blong Kalmet Skature. Kalmet Skature hemi pikinini blong Kalotiti Kut wetem Leitares. Sister blong Kalmet Skature hemi Leisal we hemi mama blong Kalotiti Kaltapeng.

Issue blong name blong Totau Kalonier too hemi wan challenging issue:

- Orijinol klemant hemi talem se: Jif Lor, long side blong Maseiman we hemi maretem Leitong-piau, girl blong Kalpram Marpit; mo Kalmet Skature Yam, boy blong Kalpram Marpit, hemi maretem Tourango we hemi sister blong Jif Lor.

- But Kalotiti Kirkir hemi talem se: Totau Kalonier 2 hemi maretem Tourango; Loor hemi maretem Leitong-piau sister blong Totaul Kalonier;

Kot iluk olsem Totau Kalonier hemi same as Kalpram Marpit, mo Totau Kalonier 2 hemi same as Kalmet Skature Yam.

First witness blong kaonta-kleman ia hemi been singing song we hemi about "Red shark" long Eselpako. Shark ia hemi blong Astangel. Oli no klarifaem identity blong Astangel; same Astangel ia hemi appear long family tri blong orijinol kleman: hemi maretem Touktor sister blong Kalsal. However Orijinal kleman hemi no cross examine long point ia.

Narafalla conflicting issues hemi olketa Jifs blong Eurakot long taem bifo kasem tude, according long Kalotiti Kaltapeng:

1. Andy Riman (2) Naniu
2. Siel Riman (1) natongrau
3. Kalotrip (wit)
4. Kalpram Tuekot (2) Natongrau
5. Lorr (Naniu)
6. Totau Kalonier (Maseimerman 1) kram nakprai;
7. Kalpram (1) Marik Matokoale (Naniu)
   

Sapos yumi comparem olketa Jifs ia wetem list blong ol Jifs long page 7 blong Orijinol Klemants bambae yumi luk se tufalla iagri wetem:

1. Jif Andy Riman II;
2. Jif Siel Riman I;
3. Jif Kalotrip;
4. Jif Kalpram, be Orijinol klemant hemi talem "Maseiman", Kalotiti hemi talem "Tuekot";
5. Jif Lor, Orijinol klemant hemi talem "Maseiman" be Kalotiti hemi talem Marik Matokoale, BUT
6. Tufalla ino agri wetem Totau Kalonier mo Kalterea Maseiman.
   

Hemia indicatem se istri long case ia imust start long years 1800s nomo;

Kalotiti hemi go wan step further blong showem famli tri blong olketa Jifs we hemi listem, mo everyone oli kamaot long wan stamba nomo:

1. Kalorib (Ngmau Tfer) imaretem Toupet Leipu mo ibornem Totau Kalonier 1;
2. Totau Kalonier 1 imaretem Touliu ibornem Kalpram Matokoale;
3. Kalpram Matokoale imaretem Linmas Leisari ibornem Totau Kalonier 2;
4. Totau Kalonier 2 imaretem Lepepwak ibornem Lor;
5. Lor hemi maretem Leitonpiau ibornem Kalpram Tuekot;
6. Kalpram Tuekot imaretem Tomour ibornem Serah mo Kalorip. Wife blong Jif Lor hemi sister blong Totau Kalonier.
   

Kot iluk olsem oldfalla Kalotiti Kaltapeng hemi basem klem blong hem long wan completely different style. Hemi talem se hemi gat raet long land we hemi stap long hem tudei long pango, from grand mother blong hem we oli muve ikam daon long Ewornangir mo ol trifalla gram oli separate, Kram Naprae igo long pango mo Settle. Hemi work long land we oli settle long hem through long Leitares we hemi kram tata blong Erakor. But dispute ia istap long Pango. So sapos Kalotiti hemi gat any klem long land ia hemi through long Leisal nomo we hemi girl blong Kalotiti Kut. Mo first Naflac we oli settle long land ia.

Hemi talem too se Kalorip Mautfer now hemi leadim olketa ansestas blong hem long exodus blong olketa igo long Pango. Sapos iolsem. Naflac Kram Naprai hemi been accommodatem:

- Naniu, taem Touliu ikam,

- Natongrau blong Leisari Linmas.

Findings:

Afta olketa toktok ia kot findem se:

Kaltotiti Kaltapeng oli descendant blong Kalpram Cooke Maseiman, long saed blong woman ia Leisal. Leisal hemi girl blong Kalotiti mo Leitares. Mo oli first klan we oli established long area ia.

Kot luk olsem long kastom, bambae Kalotiti Kaltapeng hemi owner long kraon blong Leisal, sapos Kalotiti Kut we hemi descendant blong Kalpram Cooke hemi givim pumas long hem.

Ino gat any cross examination long saed ia; but orijinol kleman hemi agri se famili Kalotiti Kaltapeng oli allowed blong work long land ia.

But Kot ia ifindem se Kalotiti Kaltapeng hemi tekem right blong work long land ia from immemorial taem.

FAMLI KALPOI KALONTAN –V- KALPRAM COOKE MASEIMAN:

Long introduction blong hem Bilkalsrap Kalpoi hemi talem se hemi descendant blong Big Jif Kalontan. Kalontan hemi come out long first people blong Efate. Hemi produsium booklet blong full istri, kastom baondris mo famli tri blong hem wetem olketa witnesses blong hem.

Hemi klem se Jif Kalontan hemi gat 3 taetels:

• Manupao
  
• Maseimerman
  
• Siel
  

Istri:

Jif Domas hemi born long Epang Tuei we hemi oldfalla vilej blong Naflak Wiit. hemi kamaot long bladlaen blong Paramount jif blong Epang Tuei mo hemi head blong klan blong Naflak Wiit. Jif Domas hemi wan mighty waria mo oli callem hem too MAU. Domas hemi maretem Leilak blong Epang Tuei nomo. Hemi pem Leilak long 50 tut blong pig mo 50 Raolae. Tufalla igat 2 boys Kalontan mo Kalmaseimerman. Kalontan mo Kalmaseimerman tufalla igrow up long Epangtuei.

Kalontan hemi maretem first woman blong hem Toufapu. Woman ia hemi blong Eleo. Kalontan hemi pem woman ia 50 tut blong pig mo 50 kastom mats Raolae.
Kalontan igat wan boy we nem blong hem Leel. Leel hemi grow up long area blong Eleo wetem Kalontan, Toufapun mo olketa klan blong hem.

Kalmaseimerman hemi maretem Leimal tufalla ino gat pikinini.

Leel hemi kam long tribe blong coconuts; hemi maretem Tourer mo tufalla I bornem Kalsa. Tourer ided, Leel hemi maretem Leiri mo tufalla igat 3 pikinini: Kalpoi, Kalotrip mo Leimal. Leimal hemi maret igo long Ifira mo bornem olketa naflak Wiit.

Jifly laen:

Long 1845 taem Gospel iarrive long Epangtue full up man oli sik mo oli ded imekem Kalmaseimerman hemi decide blong muv igo long Epangfaum (niu Epang) we tudei hemi Pango. Mo olketa man we oli stap long Epangfaum oli putum hemi Jif.

Taem Kalmaseimerman hemi become Jif, oli stap fight from taetel ia; mekem se Kalontan, wife blong hem Tourer mo sam narafalla man oli go back long Epang Tuei.

Afta long wan kastom seremony ol man Pango oli askem long olketa blong kam back mo settle long Pango. So oli go mekem home blong olketa mo mekem wan vilej antop long Eleo.

Long Istri blong Famli Domas hemi talem se "Kalmaseimerman, Kalpoi mo Kalotrip Kalsa oli wok hard long kraon mekem Karen folem ples we Apu blong olketa oli stap work long hem.

KASTOM BLADLAEN BLONG JIF: Jif Domas hemi ordainem Jif Kalmaseimerman from hemi first born son blong hem. Hem irule over long Pango Eurakot.

Kalontan hemi take over taetel blong papa blong hem mo hemi rule over long Eleo. Taem Jif Kalontan hemi ded Jif Kalmaseimerman hemi rule over long tufalla vilejs. Taem Jif kalmaseimerman hemi olfalla hemi passem Jifly taetel igo long Kalotrip. Taem Kalotrip hemi olfalla hemi passem igo long tawian blong hem jif Siel Riman I mo hemi passem igo long Jif Handy Riman 2 tudei. Kalotrip hemi wandem passem igo long boy blong kalpoi, but hemi yang tumas.

BAONDRIS BLONG HEM:

Baondri blong hem ino clear. But afta cross examination iluk olsem
Kastomeri baondris blong hem:

[Image 4]

Start long Naplel Marpa’
Run igo long Erasa grave yard,
Igo long Envet , Gas station,
Run followem cost laen West igo long Emeltaurik long end blong main warf run go long Orfal Kaifar long wan cave long ples ia go back long Naplel Marpa.

Orijinol kleman hemi talem se itrue se Kalontan hemi gat ground long Pango, be hemi no wan Jif be hemi wan waria blong Jif Maseiman. Hemi talem se reason we imekem se family Kalontan oli gat plante lands long pango tudei, hemi from Jif iputum Kalontan hemi managem olketa land on behalf blong hem; but land blong Kalontan ino stap insaed long baondri we hemi disputim.

BILL KALPOI KALONTAN hemi stanap olsem witness too mo during Cross examination, evidence hemi showem se:

Kalontan hemi gat 2 sons LEEL mo LOR IRI. Leel hem married two times. First wife blong hem Tourer mo second wife hemi Leiry. Leiry wetem Leel tufalla ibornem Kalpoi we spokesperson ia hemi kamaot long hem. Kalpoi hemi married 2 times. First wife blong hemi Toufabun we hemi girl blong Kalsaur, big Jif blong Erakor taetel Nmak, tufalla ibornem Kalran, Toutau, Kalmasei mo tufalla adoptem Taio blong Erakor. Toufabun hemi ded mor Kalpoi imarretem bakeken Kwevira blong Ambae mo tufalla ibornem Tarus. Olketa pikinini blong Tarus: Bilkalsrap, 4 other brothers mo 2 sisters.

Kastom nasara blong Domas mo Kalontan istap long Epang Tuei, name blong hem EPAULEIRI. Egmlel blong Kalontan hemi stap long IDS. Bilkalsrap hemi agree se Kalontan igat 1 boy too we name blong hem Able Naar. Able Naar now hemi first born long Leel. Kalontan hemi sharem baondri wetem Jif Nmak blong Erakor. Hemi talem se baondris blong Pango mo Erakor tufalla I overlap start long grave long Erasa.

Meaning blong Domas: Do hemi wan spirit mo Mas hemi faol we I tan finis (cooked chicken). Wiit hemi octopus. Oli putum long hem se Common sense: chicken ino save go close up long octopus.

So iluk olsem igat 4 different lands: Epant Tuei –Etu maau– Eleo – Eurakot. Efarpau imean: head blong farea;

LEIWIA KALPOI, Second witness hemi sworn mo hem italem se:

Kalontan hemi wan paramount jif hemi gat 3 boys Leel, Naar mor kaltapeng. Naar hemi first born;
Kalontan hemi leader blong olketa people blong Epang Tuei. Jif Nmak hemi sharem baondri wetem Erasa. Witness ia hemi supportem every toktok blong Kaonta klemant ia.

Frank Maleu hemi 3rd witness, kaonta klemant ia hemi withdrawem hem.

Analyses:

Kalontan we kaonta klemant ia iklem under, hemi natïve blong Pango long Epang-tue from papa blong hem, Jif Domas blong Epangtuei. Epangtuei ino stap long dispute ia. Efarpau we hemi baondri wetem Epangtuei hemi head blong farea (meamim se igat man finis, taem olketa narafalla tribe oli kam) be tribe ia hemi costal Tribe. Kalontan hemi sekon born pikinini blong Jif Domas.

Tufalla sons blong Domas: Kalontan mo Kalmaseimerman. Tufalla tugeta iJifs.

Kalontan hemi maretem Tourer blong Eleo. Hemi no clearem se Tourer hemi girl blong who? Be Orijinol klemant hemi putumTourer long famli tri blong hem se hemi sister blong Kalsal we descendant blong hem, imaretem Kalmos blong Pango. Kalontan hemi kam Jif blong Eleo. Kalontan wetem Tourer tufalla igat 2 boys Leel mo Lor Iri.

Leiwia hemi talem se Kalontan hemi leader blong olketa people blong Epangtuei, be oli rao from oli jealous nomo. hemi continue blong talem se Jif Nmak hemi sharem baondri wetem Kalontan long Eleo; start long grave long Erasa.

Long side blong Jifly taetel. Kalpoi italem se, taem Jif Domas ided, taetel igo long Kalmaseimerman. taem Kalontan ided, Kalmaseimerman hemi take over long jurisdiction blong Kalontan too. Meanim se Kalmaseimerman, once upon the time hemi rulem full erea blong Pango; start long Pango Point (Epantuei), Epang-faum, Eleo Eurakot.Taem hemi ded Jifly taetel igo long Kalotrip. Taem Kalotrip ided igo long Siel Reman I, then Andy Reman II.

But Orijinol Klemant hemi talem se: Kalotrip hemi Jif from oli dethronem Kalpram Tuekot. Kalpram Tuekot ia oli ordainem hem wetem Jif Kalsakau Tarimata long Erauloa long 1909. Everyone oli agree se Kalpram Tuekot hemi last stret bladlaen Jif blong pango. Afta long hem olketa ordinesen oli followem bladlaen blong woman nomo.

According long istri blong Kalpoi, Kalmaseimerman hemi Paramount Jif blong Epangtue, Epang-faum, Eleo Eurakot but afta long hem, igat wan gap bitwin Kalmaseimerman mo Kalotrip. But according long istri blong Orijinol klemant ino gat gap long presence blong Jif long Pango, but igat nomo absence blong proper kastom ordinesen blong rightful jif. Last proper kastom ordinesen hemi tekem ples long 1909-Jif Kalpram Tuekot. We hemi pikinini blong Jif Lor, then oli dethronem hem mo putum Kalotrip we hemi laen blong Leel. Ol parties oli no clarifaem reasons blong hem. But sapos yumi lukluk long article blong Able Kalmet; istri bambae italem se ibin gat 2 pikinini blong Jif long Epang-tue, Epang-faum, Eurakot Eleo. Followem histori ia long page 7 blong buk blong orijinol kleman, Kalmaseimerman hemi Kalpram Maseiman we hemi pikinini blong Lor.

Evidence blong Kalpoi Kalontan hemi putum some light long istri blong Jif, but hemi no putum light long land onaship or area we tufalla brother Leel mo Lor oli work long hem.

On the other hand, Kalpoi italem se long 1845 taem Gospel iarrive long Epangtue full up man oli sik mo oli ded imekem Kalmaseimerman hemi decide blong muv igo long Epangfaum (niu Epang) we tudei hemi Pango. Mo olketa man we oli stap long Epangfaum oli putum hemi Jif.

Taem Kalmaseimerman hemi become Jif, oli stap fight from taetel ia; mekem se Kalontan, wife blong hem Tourer mo sam narafalla man oli go back long Epang Tuei.

Be hemi no clear se who oli fignt from taetel ia?

Afta long wan kastom seremony ol man Pango oli askem long Kalontan mo famli blong oli kam back mo settle long Pango. So oli go mekem home blong olketa mo mekem wan vilej antap long Eleo.

Hemia isave true taem yumi refer long evidence we Kalpoi italem se Kastom nasara blong Domas mo Kalontan istap long Epang Tuei, name blong hem EPAULEIRI. Egmlel blong Kalontan hemi stap long IDS. Bilkalsrap hemi agree se Kalontan igat 1 boy too we name blong hem Able Naar. Able Naar now hemi first born blong Leel. Kalontan hemi sharem baondri wetem Jif Nmak blong Erakor. Hemi talem se baondris blong Pango mo Erakor tufalla I overlap start long grave long Erasa.

Igat too much shadow long area blong control mo management blong land long Kalontan. Hemi possible se Kalontan hemi rule long Epang-Tue, we oirignal klemant hemi acceptem mo iluk se hemi no extendem klem blong hem igo kasem long ples ia; Kalmaseimerman hemi rule long Epang-faum.

Findings:

• Kalpoi Kalontan hemi direct descendant blong Domas mo Kalontan. Kalontan hemi gat 3 pikinini. One long olketa hemi Leel. Leel hemi maret 2 times: first wife Toulep mo second wife Leiri.
  
• Kalpoi hemi pikinini blong Leel mo Leiri. Leiri hemi girl blong Touktor mo Astangel.
  

FAMLI ABEL NAAR & DESENDENTS –v- KALPRAM COOKE MASEIMAN

Spokesperson blong klemant hemi Tim Teo Kalmet.

Kaonta klemant hemi basem klem blong hem long:

1. PATRILINAL KASTOM BLADLAEN blong Paramount Jif ABLE NAAR we hemi first born son blong KALONTAN
   
2. ANCESTRAL KASTOM LAND BAONDRI.
   

Taem hemi presentem klem blong hem hemi prodiusim wan smol buk, entaetel "

ABLE NAAR & DESCENDANTS - Eleo Land Case".

Baondri:

Baondri hemi same wetem orijinol kleman; be hemi omitim smol overlap klem blong Wimak. (map below). Hemi go stap wetem missy long Erakor, oli trainem hem ikam wan black evangelist mo sendem out hem igo long Eton mo hemi ded long Eton. Hemi rely long olketa famli blong hem we oli remen long Pango blong oli givim some save blong baondri long hem.

[Image 5]

Istri:

Able Naar hemi firstborn son blong Kalontan.
Kalontan hemi maretem Toulep Toununnu. Tufalla I gat 3 boys mo 1 girl:

1. Abel Naar;
2. Kaltapeng,
3. Leel
   

Kalontan hemi native blong Eurakot we tudei hemi Pango.
Able Naar hemi fesem difficulties long saed blong Kastom blong Welu mo hemi mas lego Orijinol ples blong hem Eurakot mo go long Eraniao (Erakor Island). Hemi maretem Likal mo tufalla I gat 4 pkinini 3 girls mo 1 boy:

1. Litaupa
2. Lisoktau
3. Anna
4. Kalontan Jr.
   

Tufalla brother blong Able Naar: Lel mo Kaltapeng tufalla iremen long Pango. Long kastom, olgeta descendants blong tufalla ishould followem olgeta descendant blong Abel Naar long side blong onaship blong land.

Orijinol klemant mo ol narafala kaonta klemants oli generally confirmem se Naar hemi pikinini blong Kalontan, hemi failem Welu, hemi go stap long Eraniau mo become black evangelist. However Orijinol kleman hemi putum long family tri blong Touktor 1 se Able Narsong hemi maretem Leimal we hemi sister blong Leiry we Lel Kalontan imaretem.

Jack Kalon hemi talem se:

KALONTAN mo Toulep Motu (Toununu) ibornem: Naar. Naar imaretem Likal mo ibornem: Litaupa, Lisoktau, Anna mo Kalontan Junior. Kalontan Junior hemi maretem Touran mo ibornem Jack Kalon (witness ia).

Kalotrip we hemi papa blong Bruce Kalotiti; Harry Kalsa we hemi papa blong Thomas Kalsa we oli go joinem Orijinol klemant, oli close relative blong hem. Oli kamaot long brother blong Naar we hemi Leel mor Kaltapeng. Insaed long laen blong hem hemi gat Kaltanak, Kalpoi, mo Sakla Andre too.

Famli tri blong Orijinol klemant I soemaot se oli no gat any connection wetem olfalla Kalontan we hemi papa blong Able Naar, Kaltapeng mo Lel. Hemia indiketem se famli blong Kalontan we oli stap long Eurakot mo Eleo bifo oli no bin muv wetem Marik Kalsal ikam long Ravenga. Kalontan hemi native blong Pango.

Kaonta klemant ia hemi kwestenem plante istri blong Kalpram Cooke Maseiman. Hemi pointem out se Orijinol klemant hemi must pointem out se wanem istri bambae Kot ia hemi usum blong deklerem raets blong hem.

Hemi continu blong talem se bifo; around 1400s ol Jifs mo pipol blong Efate istap long kraon blong olketa mo oli gat baondris blong olketa finis. Samtaem oli faet from kraon gogo kasem ded, mo ol tribal wars istap brekaot oltaem nomo. Cannibalism hemi bin exist long taem ya.
Bitwin 1400 mo 1845 Roymata ikam tru long Efate mo mekem pis seremoni blong kreitem Naflak system we woman I hed blong hem.

1845 Christianity ikasem Niu Hebrides mo faet from kraon hemi stap go daon mo tribal wars ifinis, ol missionaries imuvumaot ol pipol from central parts long ol aelan ikam daon long ol costal area. Mo ol traders ol kam long Vanuatu mo pemaot ol kraon.

Klemant hemi askem se bambae kot hemi must checkem gud ol surveyors mark followem Global Position System (GPS); from igat plante inaccurancy.

Insaed long submission blong hem, klemant ia hemi prodiucim 3 documents:

1. Judgement no 247 blong Joint Kot we hemi affectem land ia;
   
2. Wan picture blong olketa man we istri blong olketa istap kamaot now and again long kot ia. Picture ia oli tekem long 1882. namem olketa main man mo woman followem olketa numbers;
   

Wan article we iappear long Daily Post. Article ia Able Frank Kalmet hemi writem blong commemoretem 1 May taem Christianity hemi kasem Niu Hebrides. Hemi entaeteld: "How a fugitive became first black pioneer missionary to Eton Vilej". Insaed long aritlce ia kaonta klemant ia hemi highlitem olketa toktok ia: "Kalmet is the descendant of Missionary Naar Kalontan of Eurakot Pango"..."The boys were fathered by the Jif's second born son, Marik Kalontan Vanua riki Tribe, Mtulep Toununu Toulep Motu

[Image 6]

1. Tangraro
2. Tangbar
3. Kalrang
4. Kalwat
5. Kalontan Jr.
6. Amos
7. Kalomtak John
8. Anna Dgter of Naar
9. Kalfer
10. Touser (Orijinol Klem.)
11. Touran
12. Lirut
13. Toupet (Serah’s mother)
14. Serah
15. Kalkot
16. Jif Kalomtata
17. Toumor
18. Toupong Wiwi
    

Taem hemi answerem cross examination, Jack Kalon, hemi confirmem every evidence we Kalpoi Kalontan italem about Kalontan long evidence blong hem:

• Kalontan hemi paramount Jif blong Eurakot.
• Kalontan hemi native blong Efarpau; hemi stap finis taem Orijinol Klemant oli kam daon.
• Baondris blong Kalontan hemi start long EFARPAU.
• Egmel blong hem oli stap too long Efarpau.
• Kalontan hemi gat 3 boys.
• Naar hemi first born. NAAR hemi save meanim 3 samting: sea oak tri, sea level mor hand; Naar hemi gat 2 narafalla name: Naarpow mo Narsong.
  

Olketa wise man blong kastom long time ia, oli chosum Naar blong become Guru Waria. But hemi failem ritual blong become waria leader, long way we hemi no save fulfillim 1 requirements blong ritual ia, mekem hemi run away igo long Eraniau.

Igat 2 Kalontan: senior mo Junior. Leel hemi great grand father blong klemant ia, Kalontan Junior hemi grand father blong klemant ia;

Hemi continue blong talem se tudei hemi gat 62 years. Taem hemi smol boy round about 9 years hem stap go to long Pango blong visitim or stap wetem Toupet (13 long picture). Toupet hemi grand mother blong Kalmos (spokesperson blong Orijinol Klemant).

Narson we istap long famli tri blong Orijinol Klemant mo Narson we hem stap talk about, oli tu different persons.
Naar hemi sharem baondris blong hem wetem Jif Nmak;

Analyses:

Followem history blong Naar, kot iluk se hemi out long Pango around long 1845 onward. From story italem se hemi go hide long Spirit blong light (Christianity) from ol spirits blong darkness oli save killim hem ided. Orijinol klemant mo ol narafala counter klemants oli generally confirmem se Naar hemi pikinini blong Kalontan, hemi failem Welu mo hemi go stap long Eraniau mo become black evangelist. Issue we istap long dispute long ples ia hemi whether Kalontan hemi paramount chief or nogat? Mo boundary blong Able Naar hem istap where? Some stori we klemant hemi talem long Kot iluk olsem hemi wandem talem se: before, istap gat tribal wars. Mo plante man oli stap fight from land kasem oli ded. Long English oli callem olketa ol "conquerors". Iluk olsem story blong ol descendants blong Kalontan mo Kalpram Cooke Maseiman, oli wandem showem long Kot se igat wan hemi native blong Pango mo narafalla hemi "conqueror" or hemi figth mo winim kraon ia mo establishem hem olsem big jif. Article blong Able Frank Kalmet long Daily Post hemi showem se Able Kalmet we hemi core spokeperson blong Orijinol Klemant hemi related long Kalontan: "Kalmet is the descendant of Missionary Naar Kalontan of Eurakot Pango..." Hemi talem too se: "The boys were fathered by the chief's second born son, Marik Kalontan Vanua riki Tribe, Mtulep Toununu Toulep Motu". Hemia hemi wan evidence blong showem se Kalontan hemi second born son blong wan chief... Findings: Followem olketa evidence ia kot findem se: Able Naar hemi first born pikinini blong Kalontan; Able Naar hemi run away long Pango mo go refuge long Eraniau; Able Naar hemi become black Evangelist; Able Naar hemi papa blong Kalontan Junior we istap long Erakor; Kalontan Junior hemi papa blong Jack Kalon we hemi spokesperson blong kaonta kleman ia tudei;

SAKLA ANDRE (MARIK KALONTAN) –v- KALPRAM COOKE MASEIMAN:

Klemant ia hemi apply blong amendem name blong hem from Sackla Andre igo long Marik Kalontan and Descendants from hemi merge wetem Kaonta klemant No 12.

Basis blong klem blong hem:

1. PATRILINAL KASTOM BLOODLAEN blong Marik KALONTAN
2. ANCESTRAL KASTOM LAND BAONDRI.
   

Taem hemi introdiusim case blong hem Mr. Titus Taribu, we hemi spokesman blong kaonta klemant ia, hemi prodiusim wan booklet entaeteld Marik Kalontan and descendants.

Hemi talem se Kalontan hemi Big Jif mo Namaragian blong hem hemi extend over long tufalla kraon ia Eurakot mo Epang Tuei.

Wetem introduction blong hem kaonta klemant hemi givim some very useful information blong talem long kot se some part blong disputed baondris we Orijinol Klemant hemi putum ikam long Kot ia, oli been judgem finis long Efate Island Kot. Hemia –

- Emetnai,
- Emis hemia long Emet-Sara kasem E-tukor mor
- Emeltaulep we istart long Ewor Lo iko kasem Elaknareu long erea blong Efarfer mo followem stampa blong hill blong Emeltaulep igo back long Eword Lo.

Famli tri:

Marik Kalontan hemi Natatok blong Eurakot, hemi maretem Toulep mo tufalla igat 3 boys:

- Kaltapeng,
- Able Narsong,
- Leel

Able Naar, Leel, Kaltapeng oli naflac coconut

Kaltapeng ino gat pikinini so hemi adoptem Kalotrip we hemi last born blong brother blong hem Leel. Through long adoption ia Kalotrip hemi kam Jif. Kalotrip hemi adoptem Kalsarur Kalpukai.

Able Naarsong hemi maretem Leimal mo tufalla igat Tongai; afta hemi run away long wife blong hem mo go long Eraniau.

Leel hemi maret 3 times:

• First wife hemi Leiri tufalla I bornem Leimal, Kalpoi, Toulep mo Kalotrip.
• Second wife blong Leel hemi Leisok mo tufalla I bornem Kalkau mo Toutag.
• Third wife blong Leel hemi Tourer we hemi bornem Toumorman mo Harry Kalsa we hemi grand father blong Isaack Thomas mo Peter Kalmos we tufalla igo joinem Orijinol Klemant.
  

Leimal, first born blong Leel hemi maretem Kalpukai blong ifira we ibornem Kaliura we hemi papa blong witness Tongaia Kalpukai mo Kalsarur we hemi papa blong Witness Kalopa mo Kaltaliu Kalpukai. Kalotrip hemi adoptem Kalsarur.

Kalpoi, second born blong Leel imaretem Toufapun long first marej blong hem mo tufalla igat Daniel, Kalmasei, Kalran, Thomas Daina. Taem Toufapun hemi ded Kalpoi hemi maretem Qwevira mo tufalla ibornem Tarus we hemi papa blong kaonta-klemant No 9.

Kalotrip, last born blong Leel hemi grand father blong Jack Kalotiti Kalotrip we hemi papa blong Pastor Berry, Bruce mo Michel.

Daniel, first born blong Kalpoi imaretem Eugenie we ibornem Andre Sackla, Augustine, Antoine mo Charley;

Kastom Baondris:

[Image 7]

Start long Ewor Mat or Katatara long stone Epil Ger
Go long Erea blong Maltaurik south eastern direction igo long Orfale Kaifar, long saed blong hill blong Eleo. Out long Orfale Kaifar follow cleff igo doan kasem Etnokir go stret daon long solwota long point blong Eslaosfir long stone Laorsfir. Then followem coast long eastern direction we ipass long Eselpako, Elkao, Esnar Eparas crossem hill blong Eleo igo back long Katatara

Kastom istri:

Marik Kalontan hemi live Orijinolly long erea we kaonta-klemant ia hemi highlem long baondris blong hem above. Afta hemi muv wetem olketa people blong hem oli go long Epang-Tuei mo lastly ikam back long Epang-Faum.

Marik Naot Kalontan hemi native blong Eurakot, plante people we oli live long Eurakot oli kam long ol different places long Efate olsem Ravenga, Epuf, Erangorango, Worantpau, Eworkau, etc.

Marik Naot Kalontan hemi gat wan Egmlel nomo we every Jifs or Tribes man oli stap gather long hem be hemi gat more than 1 Efare.

Kaonta-klemant ia hemi stap long kraon ia kasem today, where oli gat grave blong olketa forefathers blong olketa long kraon stret long Erasa.

Kastom connection blong kaonta-klemant igo kasem Marik Naot Kalontan:

Daniel Kalpoi hemi born mo grow ap long Erasa wetem papa mo mama blong hem (Kalpoi mo Toufabun). Kalpoi hemi ded mo oli berem hem long Erasa. Ples blong haus blong Kalpoi istap kasem today. Wan long ol Efare blong Leel Kalontan istap long Eleo/Erasa.

Daniel hemi no allow blong kam long Kot olsem wan witness followem advice blong docta, from hemi sick tumas. Be hemi talem se mama blong hem, hemi Eugenie Rodin. Woman ia hemi Halfkas blong Erakor. Papa blong Eugenie Rodin hemi Charley mo mama blong hem Alice or Eles.

I kat allegation se Charley Kalkau now hemi givim kraon ia long Sakla Kalpoi olsem "Naftuaan" blong hem.

But orijinol kleman hemi talem se Sakla mo Kalpukai oli descendants blong Touktor. Touktor hemi sister blong Kalsal mo hemi maretem Astangel tufalla ibornem Leiri. Leiri hemi maretem Leel Kalontan tufalla ibornem Kalpoi, Toulep, Leimal, Jif kalotrip, Kalsa mo Toumman. Tufalla kaonta klemants we tufalla istap long Kot tudei tufalla direct descendants blong Kalpoi mo Leimal.

Witness KALTALIU KALPUKAI itekem oath mo hemi answer long cross examination se:

Hem too hemi klem raet blong hem followem adoption. Kaltapeng hemi adoptem Kalotrip mo Kalotrip, in turn hemi adoptem Kalsarur blong Buffa we hemi papa blong Kaltaliu. Kalsarur ia hemi born long 1911.

Harry Kalsa Leel hemi bubu blong Peter Kalmos we hemi spokesperson blong Orijinol Klemant, hemi kamaot long side blong man but witness ia hem kamaot long side blong woman.

But hemi stand up blong supportem klem over long bladlaen.
Hemi save se Egmlel blong Apu Kalontan hemi stap long Efilmall.

Nasara blong olketa hemi Efare Liu we istap long Erasa.

Efilmahl hemi baondri blong Kalontan we igat wan big stone we bulldozer iberem. Jif Kalotrip now hemi sharem plante kraon long Pango. Olketa we oli work long land ontop long hill, oli ol cousin blong hem; oli no blong Erakor. Hemi save se oli sharem baondri wetem Nmak. Nakamal blong Kalontan hemi stap long Efarpau, taem oli leavim Efilmahl igo long E-Pang tue;

Witness 2 NUNU NAPERIK MALA, hemi tekem oath mo talem se:
Papa blong hemi hemi Alick Samson Sualo; Apu blong hem Samson we hemi maretem Lises; Samson hemi pikinini blong Soalo mo Toulep.

Toulep hemi girl blong Apu Leel blong Eurakot. Narafala brata blong Toulep hemi Kalotrip we hemi great grand father blong pastor Bery, Bruce mo Michel Kalotiti. Papa mo mama blong Toulep mo Kalotrip oli Leel mo Leiry.

Kalotrip iadoptem Kalsarur bakeken aot long Ifira iko long Pango. Mekem se ol pikininin blong Kalsarur oli man pango today.

Ati Motu Toulep hemi gat kraon long Erakor followem wan will we Leel I givim long hem. Hemi believe se Toulep ikarem will ia from hemi grand daughter blong Marik Kalontan. Marik Kalontan hemi no kam long Ravenga olsem some people oli stap talem; be hemi blong Eurakot. Marik Kalontan hemi big Jif blong land long Eurakot mo extend igo long EFARPAU we hemi stap inside long Namarikien blong hem. Hemi confirm se Toulep hemi kamaot from Toutar-Kalontan.
Kalotiti Bruce, Issack Thomas, Kalon, Kalotiti Peter Kalmos oli related long Kalontan but money nomo imakem oli seraot mo kam bifo long kot ia.

Hemi talem se kastom baondri blong Eurakot we Orijinol klemant hemi putum hemi no kastom baondri blong Eurakot from kastom baondri blong Eurakot hemi even go beyond Envet mo Emetper.
Time igat problem wetem people we oli live long Emetper, oli tekem issue ia igo long Jif Nmak from hemi stap close up long area ia.

Daniel hemi maretem Eugenie blong Erakor we hemi daughter blong Charles mo Ati Eles, but tufalla ikam long Erasa through long Eugenie Rodin. Kalpoi now hemi putum tufala long ples ia.

Isave gat wan Jif nomo long wan wan area; Kalotrip hemi naflac "wit". Girl blong hem Leimal we hemi mama blong olketa Kalpukai hemi naflac "wit" too. Kalotrip now hemi powerful bitim every pikinini blong Leel. Taem hemi Jif, hemi sharem plante kraon mo placem baondris wetem ol narafalla Jifs blong ol narafalla vilej.

Kaltapeng hemi adoptem Kalotrip blong maintainem Jifly taetel mo land; Able Naar hemi maret mo gat wan pikinini, so hemi gat more raet;

Long lanwis blong South Efate KAL NTAN hemi meanim man blong kraon. KALSAL hemi meanim Drift, so Kal-ntan (Kalontan) bambae hemi gat more raet than Kalsal;

WITNESS 3 KALPUKAI, 60 years hemi tekem oath hemi talem se:

Hemi gat bladlaen blong Jif Kalontan blong Eurakot; papa blong Kaliura hemi pikinini blong kalpukai blong ifira mo Leimal blong Eurakot. Leimal hemi first bon daughter blong Leel mo igat 2 brata we hemi Kalpoi mo Kalotrip hemi gat wan sister we hemi Toulep. Hemi no save name blong warias mo Munuwei blong Jif Kalontan.

Hemi confirmem evidences blong olketa previous witness mo addem se:

Olketa famli blong hem we oli kamaot long Kalontan oli work mo kakae long kraon ia long taem ikam finis.
Hemi mekem garden long Maltaurik through long ati Leimal blong hem we hemi grand daughter blong Marik Kalontan;
Hemi answerem olketa cross examinations:

Hemi confirm se ol native blong Ifira oli work long Maltaurik nomo be oli no kastom owna. Hemi supportem Naflac from long South Efate oli suportem Naflac; tufalla irun together blong ownem land. Long bladlaen, man hemi dominate. Grand father blong hem igat land long Eleo through long pumas.
Hemi talem se papa blong hem ikarem taetel blong Maseiman through long naflac system. Maseiman hemi wan taetel we kastom hemi allowem blong man we ilukaotem 1000 man,, iholem. So papa blong hem, hemi holem taetel ia too. Naflac now hemi keepim kastom ialive, mo respect mo peace istap from naflac. So hemi need blong applaem system ia too long land.

Igat some narafalla Jif long Eurakot we oli rule under long Kalontan.

WITNESS 4 KALOPA MALANG, hemi gat 56 years hemi tekem oath mo hemi talem se:

Hemi pikinini boy blong Kalpukai mo Leimal. Hemi supportem evidences blong olketa previous witnesses mo hemi addem up nomo se Kalontan hemi naflac Nawi (Yam). Kalpukai hemi naflac "Wit".
Jack Kalotrip hemi no born yet taem Kalotrip Leel hemi adoptem Kalsarur.

Wan request blong Kalpoi blong kwestenem Kalpoi Sackler Andre Rodin, hemi no been possible. Oldfalla hemi gat 74 years, hemi sick mo Kot hemi receivim wan medical report we italem se hemi no save go long Kot. (Hemi passed away 1 manis bifo trial ia hemi finis). Interestingly hemi insist blong oli go berem hem long cemetery blong Pango Vilej. Hemi no wandem oli berem hem long Erasa.

Analyses:

Olketa witnesses long case ia oli putum weight long woman mo adoption blong klemem raet blong olketa. igat strong evidence se Jif blong Naflac "wit" oli stap controlem mo managem area blong Maltaurik mo Efilmahl. Orijinol klemant hemi no denaem be hemi continu blong talem se olketa man oli stap work long ples ia followem olketa ansestas blong hem.

Plante evidence long case ia hemi putum weight long Establishement blong Daniel kalpoi. Oli talem se:

1. Hemi born mo grow ap long Erasa wetem papa mo mama blong hem (Kalpoi mo Toufabun). Kalpoi hemi ded mo oli berem hem long Erasa. Ples blong haus blong Kalpoi istap kasem today. Wan long ol Efare blong Leel Kalontan istap long Eleo/Erasa. Kalpoi hemi talem se Efare blong Kalontan istap long Epang-tuei, name blong hem Epauleiri. Hemia, Orijinol klemant hemi confirmem mo hemi talem se hemi outside long klem.
2. Hemi direct descendant blong Leel. Leel hemi maret 3 times. First wife blong hem, hemi Leiri tufalla I bornem Leimal, Kalpoi, Toulep mo Kalotrip.
3. Kalpoi imaretem Toufapun long first marej blong hem mo tufalla igat Daniel, Kalmasei, Kalran.
4. Daniel, first born boy blong oldfala Kalpoi imaretem Eugenie tufalla ibornem Andre Sackla, Augustine, Antoine mo Charley.
   

Ino gat dispute long istri blong hem. Orijinol klemant mo ol narafalla kaonta klemants oli agree wetem istri ia. Even Kalpoi Kalontan; hemi acceptem se Daniel hemi first born blong olketa pikinini blong oldfalla Kalpoi.

Only issue we istap: Weither Famli blong Andre Sackla oli go established long Erasa from Kalontan hemi kastom ona or from Eugenie we hemi girl blong Rodin we hemi been pem ples ia long 1881/82.

Blong answerem kwesten ia yumi need blong discussem 4 allegations we evidence hemi produsum:

1. Hemi true se Daniel Kalpoi hemi maretem Eugenie Rodin, afta hemi go live wetem Eugenie long kraon we Rodin hemi pem? or
2. Oldlfalla Kalpoi now hemi putum tufala long kraon ia? or
3. Jif Kalsakau blong Ifira ibin givim some piece land olsem "pumas" long Eles (Alice)? (Kalsakau hemi adoptem) or
4. Charley Kalkau now hemi givim kraon ia long Sakla Kalpoi olsem "Naftuaan" blong hem?
   

So which long olketa allegations oli tru?

Daniel hemi go live wetem Eugenie long kraon we Rodin hemi pem?

• Unfortunately Daniel hemi no allow blong kam long Kot olsem wan witness followem advice blong docta, from hemi sick tumas. Be hemi talem se mama blong hem, hemi Eugenie Rodin. Woman ia hemi Halfkas blong Erakor. Papa blong Eugenie Rodin hemi Charley mo mama blong hem Alice (Eles). So evidence blong hem ino go tumas long how Daniel igo settle long Erea ia.
  

Oldlfalla Kalpoi now hemi putum tufala long kraon ia?

• Bifo independence long1980, taem ol Europeen oli pem out wan land, ol Natives oli become strangers, so Kot hemi findem idifficult blong believim long probable kraon, se oldfalla Kalpoi isave kam back long kraon mo givim back long son blong hem Daniel. Long absence blong any evidence or explanation long saed ia, bambae Kot hemi luk se probability blong believim se oldfalla Kalpoi igivim land long Daniel hemi no save stand up.
  

Jif Kalsakau blong Ifira ibin givim some piece land olsem pumas long Eles (Alice)?

• Ino gat enough evidence blong supportem thinkthink se Jif Kalsakau hemi givim land olsem pumas long Eles (Alice). Long cross examination Mantoi Kalsakau III hemi denaem allegation ia. So pumas igo long Oldfalla Eles hemi fail too.
  

Charley Kalkau now hemi givim kraon ia long Sakla Kalpoi olsem "Naftuaan" blong hem?

• Ino gat enough evidence too blong supportem se Kalkau hemi givim land ia long Daniel olsem Naftuan blong hem. Too long taem ia oli salem kraon ia finis. Followem istri blong Leel, Kalkau hemi first born pikinini boy blong Leisok we hemi second wife blong Leel. Why thinkthink olsem hemi ring long mind blong some parties? Normally sapos hemi wan birthright, hemi ishould not gat kwesten, from bambae igo stret long first born blong Kalpoi we hemi Daniel mo Daniel now bambae isharem. Kot iluk se kwesten ia ikamaot from olketa parties oli think se Kalkau hemi gat more raet from hemi pikinini blong Leisok . Hemi interesting blong luk se kaonta-klemant ia hemi merge wetem kaonta-klemant 12 mo tufalla idecide blong prodiusim wan joint booklet. Insaed long joint booklet we oli filem long 26 May 2008, oli insertem plante letters blong showem se Sakla Kalpoi hemi stap disputim land ia wetem Kalpoi Tarus mo Charley. Wan long olketa document insaed long booklet ia, hemi wan certificate hemi entaetel "To whom it may concern" we Lionel Kaluat, former chairman blong Pango Land Committee, italem se oldfalla Charley Kalkau hemi givim wan piece land long Eluk long Sakla Kalpoi. Charley Kalkau hemi cousin blong Sakla Kalpoi. So hemi no clear mo ino gat enough evidence blong provum kastomeri onaship blong Sakla long land ia. Oli no elaborate gud long issue ia. Why second born blong Leel ishould givim wan land raet blong Leel igo long first born blong Leel we hemi Kalpoi Sackla?
  

Klemant hemi no talem how Kalontan hemi leavim erea we hemi klem tudei, hemi go kasem Epang-tuei, kam back long Epang-Faum mo kam back bakeken long Orijinol ples blong hem. Ino gat evidence blong olketa muvements ia.

Maybe hemi gat some kastomeri raets but kaonta klemant ia hemi no putum enough defense againstem klem blong Orijinol Klemant we isave helpem Kot blong deklerem hemi kastom ona.

Orijinol klemant hemi klem wan step bifo Kalontan blong talem se:

1. Lel Kalontan hemi maretem Leiry. Leiry hemi pikinini girl blong Touktor mo Astangel. Toutkor hemi sister blong Kalsal.
2. Kaltapeng hemi maretem Toumet. Toumet hemi pikinini girl blong Touktor mo Astangel. Touktor hemi sister blong Kalsal.
   

But Orijinol klemant hemi fail blong talem se Astangel hemi blong where?
Taem Kalsal hemi muve ikam settle long Eleo Eurakot, Astangel hemi stap finis, so hemi maretem sister blong Kalsal?
3 falla sisters (ol girls blong Touktor mo Astangel) oli maretem 3 falla brothers. Olketa brothers ia oli natives blong where? Strong evidence ikamaot se oli pikinini blong Kalontan. Orijinol klemants oli no talem se Kalontan hemi blong where? but oli continually talem se hemi chief warrior blong Kalsal mo other time oli talem se Kalsal iputum hemi managem land blong hem (Kal-ntan).

Witness KALTALIU KALPUKAI iklem raet blong hem followem adoption. Kaltapeng hemi adoptem Kalotrip. Kalotrip, in turn hemi adoptem Kalsarur blong Bufa we hemi papa blong Kaltaliu. Kalsarur ia hemi born long 1911.
So adoption oli mekem afta long sales blong land; mo 2 years afta we oli ordainem Kalpram Tuekot mo Kalsakau long Eraulo. Whanem purpose blong adoption ia? Kot ino save; tufalla boys blong Kalotrip too oli no mentionem adoption ia nothing.

Findings:

• Daniel hemi first born blong olketa pikinini blong oldfalla Kalpoi;
• Kalpoi hemi bubu blong Marik Kalontan;
• Kalontan hemi wan Jif followem bladlaen blong Domas;
• Marik Kalontan hemi laev long Epang tuei bifo 1845. Hemi muve igo around long Pango afta 1845;
• Leel imaretem wan woman blong Eleo mo move igo long Eleo; mo hemi settled long Eleo.
  

Taem Kalontan imigrate igo long Eleo, hemi rule over olketa klan blong Eleo. Hemi no kastom land owna blong Eleo. Ino gat evidence blong showem se woman blong hem hemi receivim Pumas long land we tufalla istap long hem long Eleo.

Evidence ino enough too blong showem se Kalotrip hemi adoptem Kalsarur blong inheritem land blong hem; from olketa descendants blong Kalotrip too oli stap long Kot blong disputim raets blong olketa long ol different erea insaed long disputed erea ia. But oli merge wetem orijinol kleman mo oli givim evidence blong supportem histri blong hem.

FAMLI WIMAK –V - KALPRAM COOK MASEIMAN

Spokesperson blong klemant hemi Jif Charley Kalmet Nmak.

Kaonta klemant hemi basem klem blong hem long:

1. WIMAK
2. ISTRI BLONG OLGETA AREA WE MARIK NMAK KALSAUR HEMI WOK LONG HEM BIFO;
3. ANCESTRAL KASTOMLAND BAONDRI.
   

Taem hemi presentem klem blong hem hemi prodiucim wan smol buk, entaetel "Eleo Land Case – klem blong WIMAK".

Baondri:

Hemi klemem interest blong olgeta long ancestral baondri blong olketa istart long Elkao,igo ontop long Elak Naplel Marpa, Efilmahl igo daon long Event followem solwora igo long Erasa igo long Emetaikes mo back long Elkao.

- Start long Elkao, run igo long
- Elak Naplel Marpa followem edge blong hill igo long
- Efilmahl, followem coastal laen igo long east long
- Envet irun igo South
- Erasa run igo long
- Emetaikes followem coastal laen igo back long

Elkao.

[Image 8]

Baondris inever resolve kasem tedei.
Taem Christianity hemi kam, ol missy oli disturbem plante long olgeta kastom fasin mo baondri blong land blong Erakor. Oli introdiusim niu way blong stanem up wan Jif, registerem olketa graon blong olgeta Jifs olsem "Mission Land"; wan clear example hemi haos blong Presbyterien Missy we oli buildim stret long baondri blong Erakor mo Ifira long EFILMAHL we missy Cooper hemi been stap long hem bifo.

Afta long Christianity olgeta traders' white man oli occupaem ol bigalla area blong lands.

Long page 7 hemi talem se: "...Mi mi bin attendem 2 taem wan land case we hemi bitwin jif Charley Kalmet – v- Andre Colardeau long Joint Kot long 1965 1970. Land case ia ino kasem end yet but Independence blong Vanuatu ikam finis..."

Long 1981 igat 2 bigfala meetings blong tufalla vilej Pango mo Erakor about baondri mariks blong tufalla. Long meeting ia Erakor hemi putum baondri blong hem istart long:

- ESELPAKO kasem hill blong
- ELUKSA kasem shore blong
- EPARAS kasem
- ELAK NAPLEL MARPA,followem hill igo kasem
- ERASA go antap long hill long
- ELEO kasem
- EFILMAHL go daon long
- EMELTAURIK folem kasem
- ENVET.

Long meeting ia olgeta olfalla oli stap repeatim plante taem toktok ia: "Akit tu pi teskei mauu" we hemi meanim se: Yumi iwan nomo. Baondri istap stret long Eleo land oli kolem ERASA hemi meanim rabis blood. Oli kolem olsem from long ples ia olgeta man oli rao rao tumas from baondri. raorao ia istap long taem befo finis kasem today.

Olketa man blong ERASA oli spread,some igo long Pango, some long Ifira Majority oli go long Erakor.

Long Meeting ia Pango hemi putum baondri blong hem long:

EMETPER igo long

ENVET, raon ikam back long

EMELTAURIK folem coastlaen go long

EFARFER, folem igo long

EFARPAU, folem solwora igo long

ESLASFIR, igo long

ESELPAKO, igo long

ESNAR, igo long

ELKAU, igo long

EPARAS kasem

EMETPER,

Nmak Kalsaur hemi gat olketa tabu ples ia:

ESELPAKO (guardian blong hem Pakolep);

ELAKTUPLIS (guardian blong hem Tuplis; hemi wan woman);

ELAKMARIK (guardian blong hem Marik Katsa, we narafala nem hemi "OLFALA BLONG ELUAI");

ELAKNATKAS (guardian blong hem sem Marik Katsa)

EFATKEPIL (gardien blong hem Lisaau.

Olgeta passes blong Nmak Kalsaur:

- ELAKNATKAS;
- EFATKEPIL,
- ENVET,

Everytaem hemi wandem go long Vila Bay hemi go soa long Elak Natkas, gotru long Ernagire mo go doan long Envet, samtaem hemi go soa long Efatkepil.

Doa blong Faet blong hem (Nmet Nafkal) hemi Emetper we hemi meanim "ai blong fanis".

• Long 1959 taem we French Gavment hemi wandem bildim French school blong pango mo Erakor long Esnar, hemi askem long man Erakor (Kalmasei).
• Long 1967 Coral Tours Melanesia hemi askem Jif blong Erakor blong buildimg hotel, hemia hemi baondri blong Marik Nmal Kalsaur. Tedei Hotel hemi Le lagon Parkroyal.
  

Kastom Istri blong hem:

Hemi talem se Marik Nmak Kalsaur hemi bigfalla Jif blong Erakor. Hemi hollem taetel name ia BOMAL we hemi wan Polinesien taetel:"Pomare". Polinesien taetel ia, wan man Samoa nem blong hem Soalo hemi givim long Marik Nmak Kalsaur.

Soalo hemi maretem girl blong Marik Nmak Kalsaur mo Soalo hemi kam wan long olgeta waria or personal security blong Marik Nmak.

Long page 5 blong istri blong hem hemi talem se: "Folem klem blong Orijinol Klemant we istap long foret blong Kot, mifalla ol descendants blong WIMAK iconfirm se mifala igat connection wetem TOUPONG LEISAU (WIWI) we hemi blong Pango...Although klems blong Orijinol Klemant hemi klia istap, bae mifalla italem se oli klemem sam area we iblong Paramaount Jif blong Erakor wetem ol pipol blong hem. Hemia start long Eselpako mo Elkau kasem Envet mo Emetper...

Nmak Kalsaur hemi gat 6 waef mo Mpau Narup (lida blong olketa waef blong hem) hemi MPES (woman we ibornem Jif). Taem Nmak hemi reliasem se hemi no stret blong gat plante waef hemi holem Mpes mo sendem olketa narafala wives oli go blong maret bakeken long narafalla man. Olgeta names blong olgeta:

MPES blong Erakor,

LINAMENG blong Erakor,

LIPOK former wife blong hem, be hemi muv igo long Ifira,

LINMAS former wife blong hem be hemi muve igo long Pango;

Nmak Kalsaur hemi naflak KRAM KON (clam shell we hemi fas long stone).

Orijinol kleman hemi talem se Jifly taetel blong kleman ia hemi Nmak. Oli joinem name blong Wiwi we hemi woman Pango long nem blong taetel ia blong mekem wan famili group.

Klemant hemi presentem first witness blong hemi (hemia from bambae hemi must fly igo back long Australia) Bambae spokesperson too bambae igivim evidence afta long 1st witness.

ANTOINE JACQUES ALCIDE, witness namba one, hemi gat 61 years, hemi born long Niu Hebrides mo go live long Australia, hemi kam specially from case ia; hemi tekem Oath mo talem se:

Hemi chairman blong wan famli group we oli formem long 1999 we oli colem Nmak Famli Group. Purpose blong group ia hemi blong re-unitem famli Nmak; Wimak blong klemam back taetel blong paramaount Jif blong Erakor.

Grand mother blong hem, hemi gel blong Nmak. Istri blong hem istart long:

KALOMTAK we hemi second born boy blong Nmak, igo long

TOUMERMAN we hemi gel blong Kalomtak; igo long

JOSEPH mo TOUMERMAN; igo long

JACK ALCIDE mo igo long hem:

ANTOINE

Long saed blong baondri witness ia hemi prodiusim wan agreement blong sale we oli saenem long 29 August 1882 bitwin Kalomtak mo wan "Convention" we French Resident Commissioner hemi saenem wetem Kalmer Kalmasei blong Erakor blong buildim school long 1973.

Long Cross-Examination hemi talem:

Taem hemi young hemi live mo work long olketa kraon ia; John Kalomtak hemi salem kraon long 1882 from hemi blong Erakor mo kraon hemi blong ol man Erakor. Esnar hemi blong Toumerman, gel blong Kalomtak blong Erakor;
Taem hemi stap answerem kwestens blong kaonta-kleman namba 8, John Kalomtak, hem talem se:

Bill of sale blong 1882 hemi blong Kalomtak. Kalomtak hemi stret kastom ona blong ples we hemi sale mo long 1882; oli salem graon ia on behalf blong olketa man Erakor, Olketa 3 oli sign: Kalomtak, Lisao Jacque Talir.

Long 1882 Kalomtak hemi Jif blong Erakor, ating hemi act long autority blong Nmak. Igat 9 jeneresen long taem ia kasem tedei.Tribe hemi concernem bladlaen; ligat tufalla brothers Kalmetabil mo Kalomtak, wan long tufalla I salem graon; Kalomtak hemi no save readim kind documents olsem bill of sale.

Famli relation blong hem, hemi more close long Kalomtak, but hemi witness blong Kalmetabil instead long Kalomtak from Kalmetabil hemi first born.
De Baros hemi gat intermarej wetem Kalomtak, so really de Baros hemi pem kraon ia long grand father blong hem nomo.

1. Hemi kamaot long Kalomtak but hemi witness blong Kalmetabil from Kalmetabil hemi first born; hemi chairman blong Nmak Kalsaur group;
2. WIMAK hemi wan name we oli joinem NMAK wetem WIWI we hemi name blong TOUPON WIWI we hemi blong pango;
3. Bill of sale blong 1882 hemi blong Kalomtak. Kalomtak hemi stret kastom ona blong ples we hemi sale long 1882; oli salem graon ia on behalf blong olketa man Erakor,
4. Long 1882 Kalomtak hemi Jif blong Erakor, ating hemi act long autority blong Nmak.
5. Hemi prodiusum 2 documentary evidence: Deed blong sale blong 1882, mo convention blong 1973,
6. Esnar hemi blong Toumerman girl blong Kalomtak
   

CHARLEY KALMET MPAKUS, witness namba two hemi Jif blong Erakor spokesperson blong kaonta-klemant 4, hemi gat 60 years, hemi tekem oath talem:

Itru oli combine name blong Wiwi mo Nmak blong kam up wetem name ia WIMAK. WIWI hemi Toupon Wiwi we hemi wife blong Kalomtak we hemi second boy blong Jif Nmak. Toupon WIWI hemi blong Pango; hemi maretem Kalomtak, tufalla I stap long kraon blong Kalomtak. Nmak hemi wan taetel mo hemi no disrespectful blong joinem Wiwi long name ia.

Elkao hemi common baondri we Pango mo Erakor tufalla I putum;
Erakor mo Pango oli toktok sem language;
Eleo meanim luk (see)
Efilmahl meanim se hip (back) blong man hemi tired man ispel antop long hill site ia now.
Elakmarik meanim ples blong Marik (tabu kastom ples blong Jif)
Emetaikes meanim eye blong blue water;
Emetper meanim eye or doa blong fanis blong Jif Nmak igo long faet;
Emetakram meanim Eluk we oli meanim well blong wota, iga wells blong ples ia;
Eparas hemi wrong pronounciation blong name blong de Baros;
Ekasuvat hemi meanim strong stone we ilaen up kasem solwota.

Hemi go long skul long Esnar long around 1960 mo hemi luk olfala Kalmer, boy blong Toumerman we hemi gel blong Kalomtak; hemi luk oldfala Kalosik too, we hem boy blong Kalomtak.

Around 1860 Kalmetabil hemi ded. Olgeta pikinini blong hem oli young tumas, mekem se brother blong hem Kalomtak hemi Jif long ples blong hem mo during long period blong Jifly rule ia now hemi salem kraon blong Kalmetabil long 1882, olgeta people blong Erakor oli kros mo oli wandem go kilim Kalomtak, but "Missy" hemi stopem olgeta mo hem idetronem Kalomtak.

Act blong sale we isoem Kalomtak hemi saenem hemi 1 of many, Kalomtak hemi been stap salem kraon blong papa blong hem Nmak; but responsibility blong kraon igo long first born, first born hemi Kalmetabil so hem now hemi take over responsibility afta long ded blong Nmak.
Since deed blong sale blong Kalomtak long 1882 olgeta famli blong tufalla brother ia (Kalmetabil mo Kalomtak) oli bad friend kasem 1984 taem oli reconcile blong unite bakeken.

Olketa Orijinol klemant oli connect wetem famli Nmak long saed blong mama blong witness ia: Bally.
Famli tri ia igo olsem:

- Bally hemi gel blong
- Lipago blong Pango/Erakor we hemi mama blong
- Touser we hemi gel blong
- Kalsa.

Baondris blong hem igat connection wetem kram kon mo long area ia igat wan ples oli kolem Emetakram;

Bifo, olketa parents oli arrangem marej blong olketa pikinini blong olketa followem laen blong ol Jif nomo; so Toufabun we hemi first born gel blong Kalmetabil hemi maretem Kalpoi long famli blong Kalontan we hemi wan Jif blong Pango; hemi blong Efarpau; Kalpoi hemi married two time; second woman blong hem, hemi Kwevira blong Aoba tufalla igat Bilkasrap mo Charley Kalorus.

Bifo French Government hemi putum wan cemetery long ples we oli buildim "Le Lagon" hotel long hem; long 1968 taem oli decide blong buildimg hotel oll famili blong jif Nmak oli must collectem money, mekem wan ceremony blong diggim out, mo tekem back olketa bun blong olketa ansestas blong ol man Erakor mo tekem igo berem gud long cemetery long Port Vila; but olketa bun blong Wiwi Toupon oli go berem wetem Kalomtak mo Kalmetabil long Erakor. Ol famli blong De Baros nao oli payem money blong help.

KALOTRIP ROBERT KALONTAN Namba 3 witness:, 53 years tekem oath talem se:

Hemi kamaot long Wimak through long Nora we hemi second born blong Nmak Kalsaur. Long side blong Able Naar, hemi boy blong Kalontan we hemi pikinini blong Able Naar we hem boy blong Jif blong Pango mo hemi strongly supportem klem bong Wimak.
Hemi confirm se Wimak mo Able Naar oli gat close famli relation.

Papa blong hemi, hemi Robert Kalontan hemi grand son blong Able naar we hemi Natatok blong Eurakot. Able Naar hemi first born blong Kalontan.

Analyses:

Witness Alcide hemi wan good witness blong Kot from hemi honest mo kot iobservem hem se hemi toktok wetem confidence, hemi no thinkthink long taem bifo hemi answerem olketa kwestens.

Taem yumi analysem evidence blong hem yumi luk se reason we hemi kam witness, hem blong talem long Kot se hemi ikamaot long Kalomtak but hemi witness blong Nmak Kalmetabil from we Kalomtak mo Kalmetabil tufalla ibrothers, pikinini blong Nmak, mo Kalomtak hemi salem kraon blong Nmak.

Hemi chairman blong Nmak famli group blong fight from Jifly taetel blong Nmak. Kwestens istap se:
Why bambae oli must joinem name blong NMAK wetem WIWI? Answer blong olketa se hemi blong mekem name blong tufalla olfalla ilaef bakeken nomo. Answer ia, bambae hemi heavy long narafalla interest blong famli blong Kalsaur but hemi no heavy long land case ia from John Kalwat hemi stanap blong defendem raet blong olketa parents blong hem.

Witness ia hemi prodiusum 2 documentory evidence:

1. Bill of sale blong 1882 hemi talem se John Kalomtak hemi salem stret land blong hem. Hemi kastom ona blong land ia. Afta taem hemi answerem some re-examination kwestens hemi talem: "on behalf blong man Erakor". However Sale ia John Kalomtak hemi saenem under long name blong hem as "John Kalomtak" nomo; hemi no saenem olsem "Jif Kalomtak". Hemi continue blong talem se long 1882 John Kalomtak hemi Jif "ating" hemi act long autority blong Nmak? Word "ating" hemi wan guess; ino heavy.
   
2. Convention blong 1973 bitwin French Residence Commissioner long Niu Hebrides mo Kalmer Kalmasei. Purpose blong convention ia hemi blong French Administration hemi buildim wan school blong olketa pikinini blong ol man Erakor mo Pango. School ia name blong hem Esnar. hemi talem se" "Esnar land, hemi blong Toumerman girl blong Kalomtak". Famli tri we kaonta-klemant ia hemi prodiusim long page 17 hemi showem se Kalmer Kalmasei hemi pikinini blong Tourmerman Nmak (Kalomtak) mo Kalmasei. Tourmerman ia hemi maret two times. Narafala husband blong hem, hemi Joseph Alcide we witness ia ikamaot long hem. Kwesten ino clear se from wanem Tourmerman hemi ownem land blong Kalomtak Nmak be hemi no go long kraon blong man blong hem? Wan possible answer se from Tourneman Nmak hemi take over land blong mama blong hem Toupong Wiwi.
   

Evidences blong Charley Kalmet oli more or less confirmem evidences we 1st witness blong hem, Antoine Alcide hemi talem. Hemi helpem Kot plante wetem Olketa kastom names blong olketa baondris mo meaning blong olketa. hemi talem se igat wan common baondri bitwin Erakor mo Pango.

Tufalla idisputim "Emetper" we hemi meanim eye or doa blong fanis blong Jif Nmak igo long faet but orijinol klemant hemi talem se Emetper hemi sharpe gate blong Jif Kalpram Cooke Maseiman.

Tufalla iagree se hemi stap long end blong bigfalla stone wol. Taem Kot hemi visitim area ia, Nmak hemi showem Emetper long save blong hem istap long simen wol blong "Le lagon" ples blong Plesaur mo Plebong. Emetaikes istap klosap yeard blong Rene Ah Pow.
Orijinol klemant hemi showem same ples (Emetper long ples blong Emetaikes) mo hemi talem se hemi sharpe gate, Kot hemi go inside long yard mo luk stone ia just long side blong hem long wan stamba blong Nabanga hemi eye blong blue water we oli callem "Emetaikes". Mo Yard blong Rene Ah pow hemi outside long dispute ia.

Kalmetabil hemi ded around 1860 taem olgeta pikinini blong hem oli young tumas, brother blong hem Kalomtak hemi Jif long ples blong hem during long period blong Jifly rule ia now hemi salem kraon blong Kalmetabil long 1882, mekem se olgeta people blong Erakor oli kros mo oli wandem go kilim Kalomtak...Hemia ishowem se Kalomtak hemi big man finis bifo brother blong hem ided. Kwesten we ino clear se oldfalla Kalsaur hemi sharem kraon blong twofalla boys blong hem finis or no? But long way we John Kalomtak hemi saenem deed of sale long 1882 long name blong hem nomo? Long ples ia igat 2 possibilies:

1. Either Jif Kalomtak hemi usum jifli power blong hem blong salem kraon ia? or
2. Olsem John Kalomtak, hemi salem kraon we hem personally hemi gat control over long hem.
   

Insaed long Kot ia igat toktok se Jif hemi gat overhall power over long land so, sapos Kalomtak hemi stanap jifly title blong salem kraon long 1881/82; hemi implae se Jif Kalomtak hemi gat control over long kraon ia, why bambae ol people blong Erakor oli kros mo wandem killim hem? Afta all hemi Jif blong olketa!

Orijinol klemant hemi talem se olketa man Pango now oli kros from hemi salem kraon blong Toupong Wiwi. John Kalwat hemi confirmem se papa blong Toupong Wiwi hemi givim wan piece land long same eria olsem pumas blong hem.

Kalpram Tuekot Kaonta-klemant No. 16 hemi talem out se Smon now ibeen reportem sale ia.

John Kalwat hemi klem se Kalomtak hemi Jif blong Ernagir. Ernagir ia hemi start afta long Socometra itekem Presbyterian church, workshop blong Lenisa igo kasem parliament house. Long page 12 blong buk long Wimak long second last paragraph blong hem, hemi talem: Evritaem, taem we Marik Nmak Kalsaur hemi sendem ol warias blong hem blong go long faet antap long Ernagir, Efilmahl mo Eleo; oli mas pass tru long Emetper..." Hemi no clear se oli go fight long Ernagir wetem who? However hemi confirm se igat wan fight long Ernagir/Erasa mekem se ol man oli run away igo long Pango, Erakor mo Ifira.

Mo too John Kalwat italem se taem Kalomtak ileadim olketa man blong hem blong igo long Eraniau, oli settle first taem long football field blong Erakor. From wanem bambae oli no save pass long passis blong "Le Lagon", Esnar or Eselpako? Probably land hemi blong different man or oli no gat kenu yet long taem ia?

Kot hemi receivim formal submission long party ia wetem some exhibits we oli olketa Kot desisen over long some disputes, we kaonta-klemant ia hemi submit se desisen ia hemi talem se kraon we istap long dispute hemi blong olketa blong Erakor but not blong Ifira.

Kot ibeen readim judgment ia mo luk se hemi wan Judgement blong Joint Kot No 42 we oli givim out long Friday 29 November 1929.

Joint Kot hemi lukluk long wan application blong register wan land we istap long Efate name blong hem 'One Angry". Application ia oli putum long Joint Kot long 17 February 1913 under No 64.

Judgment ia hemi revealim long Kot ia se igat 2 Ernargir. Wan long antap mo narawan daon. Olketa blong Erakor oli salem daon long hill long De Baros; olketa blong Fila oli salem hill long Rodin.

Findings

• Wimak hemi wan "make-up nem blong wan group.
• "Wi" hemi half name blong Wiwi. Wiwi hemi short name blong Toupong Wiwi. Toupong Wiwi hemi girl blong Kalpram Marpit we imaretem Kalomtak Kaka blong Erakor.
• "Mak" hemi half name blong title ia "Nmak" we hemi jifly title blong Erakor;
• Jifly title Nmak istap tudei long Kalmetabil;
• Kalmetabil hemi related long Kalomtak
• Taem Toupong Wiwi hemi maretem Kalomtak, Kalpram Marpit igivim wan land long disputed land ia olsem "Pumas" blong hem;
  

JOHN KALOMTAK V KALPRAM COOKE MASEIMAN

Spokesperson blong klemant hemi John kalomtak himself.
Kaonta-klemant ia hemi basem klem blong hem long:

1. PATRILINAL KASTOM BLADLAEN blong JOHN KALOMTAK
   
2. ANCESTRAL KASTOM LAND BAONDRI.
   

Taem hemi presentem klem blong hem hemi prodiucim wan smol buk, entaetel "
KASTOM LAND KLEM BLONG JIF JOHN KALOMTAK- Eleo Land Case".

- From Kelkao(banian tri bitwin Esnar and Elkao.
- Followem seashore to simen wol end of hotel le Lagoon igo ontop
- hill Eleo follow ridge to
- Banian tri foret entraince blong Amalfi back to

Kelkao

Baondri:

[Image 9]

Long introduction blong hem hemi talem se hemi klem under long paramaount Jif long Ernargir we hemi John Kalomtak. Hemi talem se Ernargir hemi consist long 2 big lands. Wan istap insaed long baondri blong Eleo. Hemi presentem 2 exhibits we oli 2 deeds of sale dated 23 May 1884.

First deed of sale ia hemi same as deed of sale we 1st witness blong Wimak hemi prodiusim: Deed of sale ia hemi talem se John Kalomtak hemi salem land Meltao long Antonio De Baros. Land ia hemi stap long East blong Erakor bay. Pango hemi stap long West. Antonio de Baros hemi onem land we istap long north blong land ia mo long south igat Erakor bay.

Second deed of sale hemi sale blong land igo long De Baros bakeken, be this time John Kalomtak hemi salem land wetem Lisao mo Jacques Tabiri, we oli blong Erakor. Land ia hemi sharem baondri wetem Rodin long North. Long West hemi marikem followem ol bigfalla stone long Leho (Eleo), long South property blong Berrick mo long East, bay blong Erakor.

Orijinol klemant, hemi talem se hemi agree se Kalomtak hemi maretem Toupong Wiwi. Taem tufalla imaret Kalpram Marpit igivim "Pumas" long hem. Taem Kalomtak hemi salem land ia, olketa blong Pango oli kros oli wandem killim hem. Toupong Wiwi hemi askem blong oli tekem water blong Eluksa hemi dring bifo hemi ded mo hemi wish se taem hemi ded oli berem hem long ground blong hem, hemia ples we oli buildim "le lagon" hotel tudei.

Hemi presentem 1 witness nomo.

JOHN KALWAT Witness Namba 1 itekem witness tekem oath mo hemi talem se:

- Name blong hem John Kalwat, papa blong hem Kalwat .
- Papa blong Kalwat hemi Thomas;
- Papa blong Thomas hemi Kalomtak;
- Papa blong Kalomtak hemi Kalsaur;
- Papa blong Kalsaur hemi Onal.

Jurisdiction blong Jif Kalomtak hemi start long Elkao igo up long klif long hill, run followem edge blong hill igo long niu telephone tower go daon where Orijinol klemant I putum Envet long hem.

But hemi klem no smol area long saed blong sale we Kalomtak hemi salem nomo within baondri we Orijinol Klemant hemi putum. Reason from olketa we oli work long olketa area ia today oli famli blong hem nomo, hemi no wandem disturbem olketa. Hemi confirm se emi been klem long foret blong land Vilej tribunal blong Pango under long Kalomtak mo Toupon wiwi; Long taem ia hemi go long foret blong Jif blong Pango be olketa Orijinol klemants long case ia oli ronem out hem.

Toupong Wiwi hemi no gat brother, hemi ownem land we le lagoon istap long hem tedei; hemi tekem raet blong papa blong hem.

Taem hemi answer kwesten blong Kalpram Tuekot, hemi talem se hemi save Apu Smon, be hemi no save se hemi now hemi reportem Kalomtak taem hemi salem kraon ia. Apu Smon ia hemi related wetem Kalpram Tuekot.

Hemi confirm se pango hemi sharem baondri wetem Erakor mo Ifira: Land long solwota long side blong Erakor igo inland kasem klif hemi blong Erakor mo long saed blong ifira too, land daon long hill iblong Ifira, be ontop long hill oli blong pango.

Ernagir hemi same land we oli kollem sometime Ewornagir; hemi overlap igo long Eleo development land. Hotel le Lagoon hemi stap long Emetagram (Elluk Emetakram) land ia hemi blong bladlaen blong Kalomtak. Kalomtak hemi salem plante lands, latest one hemi blong 'Le Lagoon' resort. Taem hemi salem pasis blong Erakor now "missy" iputum hem out long Jifly taetel blong hem.

Wan tribal war we ibroke out during wan dance long Egmlel blong Jif blong Ernargir we istap long Erasa imekem ol people oli run away. igo long Pango, Ifira mor Erakor. Kalomtak now hemi leadim olketa people, oli go daon oli settle first taem long football field blong Erakor afta oli just muve igo long Eraniau.

Afta long tribal war ia, Christianity I kam mo ol "missy" oli singaotem ol man oli kam back live long Ernagir. Long taem ia now ol Apu oli kam back mo oli salem kraon long 1881. Ernargir insaed long klem ia istart long Lenisa igo kasem Bresbyterien church.

- Bifo igat:
- Jif Onal long 1860-1871
- Jif Kalomtak
- Jif Samuel
- Jif Kalsong Tata long 1871-1884;

Hemi confirm se hemi interest long kraon blong Toupon Wiwi too long plateau blong Eleo-Eluk. Kalomtak hemi salem kraon blong hem we hemi baondri blong Ifira long wan side mo Pango long naraside. Eleo hemi smol hill, hemi stap antop long Eparas.

Igat 3 plateau bifo go long Eleo. Kalomtak hemi ownem land long first plateau hemia now hemi Efilmahl. Eselpako hemi blong olketa blong Eakor. Nakamal blong Kalomtak i stap long Erasa mo Egmlel blong hem too I stap blong Erasa.

Olketa olfalla we oli salem land oli save gud baondris blong olketa so blong putum wan big baondri bitwin olketa vilejs yumi must lukluk long oketa deed of sale. Long kastom, Jif now hemi ownem land, be start long long 1980 anyone isave ownem land.

Jif Kalomtak hemi papa blong Toumor we hemi maretem Kalpram. Kalsaur hemi Jif blong Eraniao; hemi meetim "missy" long 1845 taem oli kam thru, Kalomtak I take over long 1871; taetel blong hem now Bomal. Antop long klif hemi blong Pango; Ol man Enargir oli gat Egmlel blong olketa long Laho, hunting kraon blong olketa long Eleo, Fishing kraon blong olketa long sea blong Ekasuvat, tabu ples blong olketa long Emetaikes, Eluk hemi sem marik nomo wetem Erasa.

Analyses:

Kaonta klemant witness ia hemi stap traem blong showem long kot se bifo independence ol Jifs oli controlem mo managem lands. But since 1980 wan wan person hemi save klem specific land blong hem. Followem think think ia now hemi submittim klem blong hem over interest long 1 piece land blong Kalomtak. Hemi concentrate nomo long kraon blong Kalomtak we hemi followem patrilinal bladlaen blong hem.

Olketa relevant evidences long ples ia hemi baondris blong klem ia we hemi start long Keltao mo grave blong Toupong Wiwi we every klemants oli stap tok about se istap long "Hotel le Lagon".

Kwesten istap se long kastom bambae oli berem wan maret woman long kraon blong man blong hem or tekem igo back long kraon blong papa blong hem? Why oli still berem Toupong Wiwi long "le Lagon hotel " be oli berem man blong hem long Eraniau?

Igat evidence about behavior blong Toupong Wiwi taem Kalomtak hemi salem land ia: Orijinol klemant hemi talem seToupong Wiwi hemi kros hemi sorri long kraon blong hem mo hemi askem se bambae oli must berem hem long kraon blong papa blong hem. Evidence about beriel ia, ino gat wan parties idiscreditim. Everyone we oli closely related long tufalla olfalla ia oli confirmem se oli berem Wiwi long "Le lagon" eventhough oli berem man blong hem long Eraniau. Evidence ishowem se around late 1960 nomo oli just diggim out bun blong Wiwi tekem igo long Eraniau blong putum wetem Kalomtak.

Klemant ia too hemi confirm se papa blong Wiwi hemi been givim kraon we ifas wetem kraon blong Kalomtak olsem pumas taem Toupong hemi maretem Kalomtak. Sapos iolsem bambae hemi meanim se kraon ia iblong papa blong Toupong Wiwi we Orijinol klemant hemi talem se hemi Kalpram Marpit.

Hemi talem too se Kalmasei we hemi pikinini blong Kalomtak mo Toupong, hemi karem kraon blong papa blong hem. Toupong Wiwi hemi ownem land we hemi stap bitwin Esnar school (close to Pango) blong Kalpram mo Ernargir we Kalomtak hemi Jif blong hem.

Evidence ishowem se Smon ireportem long ol man se Kalomtak hemi salem kraon mekem igat wan riot we "missy" hemi must intervene blong dethronem Kalomtak. Name ia "Smon" hemi laef istap insaed long famli laen blong Gabriella Touuiui. Evidence ia hemi leadim witness ia blong talem long ples ia se Toumor we hemi girl blong Kalomtak wetem Toupong Wiwi (Leisau Toupong) hemi maretem Kalpram Tuekot mo tufalla igat 1 pikinini. Kraon blong husband blong Toumor igo long Gabriella Waia. We oli stap callem hem too Gabriella Touiui.

Hem showem ples we oli berem Toupong Wiwi long hem behind long current laundry blong "Le lagon" Hotel. Evidence blong berial site hemi wan strong evidence blong onaship blong land long kastom. Especially long case ia we beried person hemi wan woman. Hemia bambae hemi confirm se Land we "Le Lagon" hemi stap long hem, hemi blong Pango bifo 1881/82.

Igat strong evidence se olketa people blong Erakor oli kam long Buffa mo Eratap. Yumi istap tok about wan era we igat high probability se ino gat man long Eraniau long end blong early part blong 1800s. Sapos iolsem, ol man Erakor oli no needim passes blong putum canoe blong go long Vila. Long mid 1800s nomo taem trading activities istap take place long Vila, now people we oli live long Eraniau oli needim pasis blong go long Vila; mekem se oli stap pul long canoe mo go shore long olketa areas long side blong le Lagon.

Hemi possible se inter marej bitwin John Kalomtak Jif blong Ernagir mo Toupong Wiwi girl blong Munuwei Kalpram Marpit hemi joinem tufalla famli blong tufalla Jif blong Erakor mo Pango; but olketa niu jeneresen blong 1900s oli stap confuse long baondri mekem se oli stap disputim. Hemia iforcem tufalla Jifs blong tufalla vilij ia tufalla imust traem blong settem wan common baondri blong traem blong resolvem disputes blong people blong tufala mo putum olketa boundaries we yumi save tudei. Kot ia hemi hearem se oli traem blong solvem dispute blong baondri ia plante times, since olketa tribal wars, kasem today dispute hemi stap yet; oli hope se kot ia now bambae isolvem.

Findings:

Afta evidence kot ifindem se:

• Kalomtak hemi been stap long Ernagir around 1840 - 1845;
• Kalomtak hemi wan jif around 1880 - 1882;
• Kalomtak hemi maretem Toupong Wiwi we hemi girl blong Kalpram Marpit;
• Kalpram Marpit hemi givim 'Pumas" long Toupong Wiwi;
• Kalomtak hemi salem land we hemi "Pumas" blong Toupong Wiwi;
• Oli berem Toupong Wiwi long "Le Lagon" hotel around long oldfalla site blong first hotel.
• Laundry blong tudei hemi recent development.
• Kleman ia hemi descendant blong Kalomtak mo Toupong Wiwi.
• Kalpram Matokoale (Marpit) hemi supportem Orijinol Kleman,
  

IFIRA

MATARAU TEFEKE - V- FAMLI KALPRAM COOKE MASEIMANG,

Kaonta klemant hemi basem klem blong hem long:

1. NAFLAK WIT OR MATARAU TEFEKE;

2. JOINT KOT DESISEN BLONG 27 JULY 1934 over taetel 224, hemi confirmem Kastom onaship blong land ia finis;

3. EXISTENCE BLONG STRET BLADLAEN DESCENDANTS BLONG:

A. VATHAN

B. CALVOREY

C. LANGOLLE

Spokesperson blong klemant ia hemi Hon. Member blong Parliament, long taem ia Mr. Barak Sope Mautamate.

Taem we hemi startem case blong hem, Mr. Sope hemi introdiusim 2 differents binding documents. Orijinol klemant hemi objects long namba 2 documents, but Kot hemi givim leave blong hemi introdiusim long kraon se:

1. hemi consist long supplementary documents about archeological findings nomo, blong showem se igat man long Ifira long taem finis, hemi blong attempt blong sakem out toktok blong Orijinol Klemant; mor same other kaonta-klemant se ino gat man long area ia taem oli been settle long hem.
   
2. Rule blong kastom hemi basis blong provum klem blong kastom ona. Long kastom ino gat procedure, people igo long Nakamal mo givim every information we oli available blong kot isave mekem wan desisen;
   
3. Kot hemi luk se klemant ia hemi no introdusium niu evidence. Hemi klem under long trifalla oldfalla we oli saenem Deed of sale: Vathan, Langolle Calvory;
   
4. Case hemi wan long olketa biggest long Vanuatu, hemi complexe; Kot isave causem injustice sapos hemi restrictim olketa evidences blong oli flow.
   

Mr. Sope hemi talem se hemi klem kastom onaship over long land we oli namem olsem taetel 224. Bambae hemi showem long Kot se trifalla olfalla we oli salem oli naflac Wit. Hemi talem se dispute ia hemi stap close up 120 years since 1880 kasem 2008.

Prove through long 2 or 3 excavations long Ifira ishowem se olketa ansestas blong olketa oli stap well bifo 1882. Excavation ibeen take place long Teouma, Magasi, Nguna mo other places long Efate. Hemi true se Kastom istap be igat too olketa archeological evidences.

Oli stap talem se Ifira mo Mele tufalla igat Polynesian influence but igat Melanesian influence too. Carbon Dating hemi showem se ol man oli live long ifira 2000 years ago mo igat continuing presens, inever stop. Furthermore wetem olgeta evidence blong potteris hemi go up to 4000 years ago. (Klemant hemi producium material evidence, olsem pieces blong pot long Kot).

Olketa archeologists oli dig long 5 different site long Ifira; one long olketa hemi long house blong klemant ia; ples ia hemi oldest vilej blong Ifira, mo oli findem 5 wells blong place ia.

every excavation oli mekem long sea shore; hemi meanim se olketa man oli stap close long sea.

Long Ifira oli developem Canoe, so Canoe kalja we oli stap talk about hemi blong Ifira. Wetem canoe olketa man Ifira oli go as far as Mele mo fish around long solwata.

Bifo hemi callem olketa witnesses blong hemi, hemi prodiusim documentary evidences ia:

1. Deed of Sale blong 1882;
   
2. Receipt blong payment blong land blong 1882;
   
3. Deed of Sale blong 1884;
   
4. Caveat against application No 177 long 1933 over long land ia; we Jifs blong Ifira mo Pango tufalla iputum.
   
5. Statement blong olketa man oli givim evidence long Joint Kot long 1934; we oli member blong Naflac wit everyone;
   
6. Judgement blong Registration blong taetel 224 long 1934.
   

Hemi talem se long judgment blong 1934 oli givim back 51 hectares blong kraon igo back long olketa native blong Ifira from long taem blong COMPTOIR FRANCAIS DES NOUVELLES HEBRIDES (CFNH) hemi confirm se olketa blong Ifira oli work long MALTAURIK. Hemi submit se Joint Kot hem mekem desisen finis long kraon ia, se hemi blong Native blong Ifira.

Kastom baondri hemi no clear. But land 224 includem:

• Filmahl
• Pillange
• Saldarey
• Sulunah
• Elappa
  

Baondri blong hem:

[Image 10]

Hemi submit bakeken se:

1. Long 1973 Condominium Government hemi talk about building blong main warf blong Vila wetem Komiuniti blong Ifira;
   
2. Consent long taem ia ikam long:
   
1. Daniel Kalorib we hemi Naflac Wit;
   
2. Graham Kalsakau Naflac Wit;
   
3. Edward Kalmarie Naflac Wit,
   
4. Fatani Sope Naflac Wit; except
   
5. Ernest Kalchichi oli saenem sale blong land, tufalla kraon ia tufalla istap close up nomo long hemia we oli salem long 1933 we oli changem ikam taetel 3190 mo 3191;
   
6. Tufalla colonial powers tufalla imekem loan blong pem out lands ia on behalf blong olketa blong Ifira, bambae Ifira komiuniti hemi pem back tufalla, but Niu Hebrides hemi kasem independence, mekem oli no payem back loan ia. People blong Ifira oli alienator blong Lands ia Maltaurik but Vanuatu Government hemi leasim without consultem olketa blong Ifira.
   

Hemi talem bakeken se hemi gat duty blong protectem naflac "Wit" blong Ifira. Hemi klem under long Naflac from Naflac hemi hollem laef mo Naflac hemi bornem Jif mo hemi continuation blong klan.

Mo too, taem Jif blong Pango hemi leavim Jif blong Ifira blong hemi go hem wan long trial from land ia long Joint Kot, ishowem se hemi save se hemi land blong Naflac "Wit". Baondri blong hem long Pango hemi fast wetem baondri blong kraon ia we hemi blong Naflac "Wit" blong Ifira.

Hemi submit se hemi no possible blong human being hemi live antop long hill ia without wota, so oli live long ifira mo go from wota long Tebakor long Canoe blong tekem wota. Hemi more easi blong karem wota long Canoe than walk about climb long hill wetem wota.

Hemi conclude blong talem se taetel 224 hemi pass long Legal system finis mo oli followem every procedures blong stretem se land hemi blong Ifira people. Olketa klemants mo kaonta klemants oli should disputim case ia long native Kot. Long 1934 igat olketa system blong dispute oli stap finis, but ino gat any dispute long taem ia, nowia case hemi finalized finis.

Hemi presentem 3 witnesses blong showem existence blong Naflac wit mo kastom relationship wetem olketa we oli salem land ia.

Orijinol kleman hemi no denaem be hemi talem se olketa kleman mo witnesses ia oli descendants blong Toulik mo N'gerei. Oli should stap under long hem.

FATANI SOPE, witness 1, hemi tekem oath hemi talem se

Klem blong olgeta hemi followem bladlaen or tribe laen

Hemi talem se kraon ia iblong olketa nawita blong naet we oli live long marae blong olketa "Langayurua" long Ifira we hemi blong malokusa.

Long page 4 blong statement blong hem hemi talem se:

Olfalla Vathan we hemi saenem deed of sale long 1882 hemi bin bestowem name Vathan long late Jif Samuel purposely blong hemi holem succession blong kastomaship blong ol kraon blong nawita klan or Matarau Tefeke blong Ifira, olfala Vathan hemi been bestoem grandfather blong hem Rongoatalo wetem name ia Terea olsem Jif blong ol nawita from hemi descendant blong Malokusa. Name ia Vathan hemi name blong Jif Samuel, Vathan hemi wan Jif blong Erakor. Oli tekem wan woman Ifira igo long Erakor mo bornem Jif we oli putum name blong hem Samuel. Woman ia hemi naflak "mal".

Hemi born long Ifira taem Kaltonga mo Tabet itekem Christianity igo long Ifira, oli givim name Vathan long Fatani (witness ia) taem hem born. Taem, Fatani igat 14-15 year nomo oli tekem hem blong saen long agreement blong pem back land ia.

Hemi admittim se Jif Samuel Vathan Koaliu hemi maretem Touruk. Touruk hemi girl blong Sual mo Toulep. Toulep hemi sister blong Kalotrip, Kalpoi mo Leimal. Toulep hemi wan nawita or matarau tefeke. Tufalla ino kat pikinini. Jif Vathan hemi adoptem Toutwel. Hemi admittim se power mo name we Jif Samuel hemi holem hemi ambiguious from hemi holem taetel blong Koaliu too we hemi naflac "Mal" Jurisdiction blong Jif Koaliu istap long Parliament hemi gat control over long olgeta people we oli stap long Nagire mo Tefkau. ples ia hemi transit ples blong olketa man Ifira, Pango mo Erakor.

Taem hemi stap answerem kwestens hemi talem se:

Vathan, Lagolle mo Kalvorey oli been gat Nasara blong olgeta long kraon ia oli mekem wan agreement blong salem land ia. Long time ia Vathan now hemi givim raet blong oli salem. Hemi no save talem how Vathan hemi ownem land ia be hemi believe se Eleo hemi blong hem. Ibeen gat Jif long taem ia; However Jif hemi no saenem deed of sale ia from land hemi blong people not Jif.

Pastor Sope hemi Great grand father blong Fatani; hem now hemi plantem bamboo blong marikem baondris bitwin Ifira mo Pango.

Long past everyone long Ifira oli gat smol land blong mekem garden long hem long olgeta area ia; mo oli pass long main warf igo long hill blong accessem garden site blong olketa.

Bifo, long kastom blong Ifira, raet blong ownem kraon ifollowem matrilinal system, but oli findem se olketa woman oli no folowem man blong olketa igo long kraon blong olketa; instead oli tekem olketa husbands blong olgeta igo long Ifira, so long 1951 ol Jif oli decide blong changem system ia. Tudei onas blong land oli followem Patrilinal system.
Trifalla olfalla we oli salem kraon ia, oli no gat bladlaen blong man istap tudei.

WITNESS 2. TARIPOACHICHI KALFAPUN hemi tekem oath hemi talem se:

Hemi holem taetel blong Munuai. Hemi 5-7 jeneresen blong bladlaen blong Manaika mo Touskau. Touskau hemi meaning woman we istap long solwora mo long kraon. Hem nao ikat authority ova long ol graon we Vathan, Lagonle mo Kalvorey oli salem. Olketa now oli first settlers blong disputed land ia. Touskau hemi gat 2 girls Leiwango mo Leigachi. Leiwango hemi maretem Kalopongi mo igat 4 surviving girls: Leiwai, Leimoko, Toumarmara, Lucy mo Kalsa we ided.

Vathan, Lagonle mo Kalorey oli inheritem land blong olketa fofalla girls blong Touskau from, only brata blong olketa KALSA ided. Kalopongi hemi cousin blong Lagonle. Olketa baondri blong klem blong olketa istart long Laketvatu kasem Maltauriki mo Laketimao long Erakor island landing.

Maramara we hemi wan long olketa we oli saenem deed of sale hemi great great grand father blong hem. Lagonle, Vathan mor Kalvorey oli connect wetem tribe blong Matarau Tefeke we olketa great grand mother blong olgeta ikamaot long hem.

Hemi confirm se olgeta people oli stap enjoyem raet blong occupation, maybe oli no ol kastom onas. Raet blong occupation ia oli been givem long Teriki Mantoi Kalsakau.

Pillange hemi mean risky place blong walk about long hem.
Salderey hemi mean place blong arrangem or fasem firewood blong karem.
Sullana mean man I save walk about comfortably long hem,
Ellapa hemi open area.

Hemi agree se igat wan kastom baondri bitwin Pango, Ifira mo Erakor. Long 1934 Jif Kalsakau igo wetem Sope mo Sope hemi plantem leave laplap blong marikem. Hemi no save sapos Jif blong Erakor mo Pango oli stap long taem ia.

Hemi save se olketa ol olfala blong vilej blong Enargir oli separated some igo long Ifira, Pango mo Erakor.

WITNESS 3. Mrs. ALICE TAPET tekem oath hemi talem olsem

Hemi stret sister blong Fatani Sope (1st Witness).

Long page 1 long sworn Statement blong hem, hemi talem se "Oldfala Vathan we hemi Nawita or Tefeke, hemi bin adoptem late Jif Samuel mo igivim graon ia long hem olsem pumas." taetel ia Fatani iholem kasem tudei blong hemi holem olketa land blong Tefeke; every one oli respectem belief ia. Long 1973, Fatani hemi gat 13 years nomo be oli tekem hem igo saenem olketa documents blong pem blong land ia.

Leiwango hemi sister blong Vathan. Longole mo Calvorae oli uncle blong Lewia.

Witness ia hemi no answerem plante kwesten we ikam long Orijinol klemant.

Hemi confirm se Saurei mo Sope oli related olsem Saurei mo Lewia oli full cousins through mama blong tufalla we tufalla isisters.
Papa blong Saurei hemi Kaloris. Hemi confirm se hemi kamaot long side blong Samuel long Ifira. Salome mo Samuel tufalla ibrother mo sister. Tufalla iblong Ifira from tufalla iborn long Ifira. Salome hemi maretem Sope.

Hemi givim some relevant information:

1. Vathan hemi blong Ifira mo Samuel hemi blong Erakor. Vathan hemi brother blong Leiwango. Vathan hemi mean: Vat= leaf laplap than= land. Hemia now hemi connection blong hem wetem land ia?Vathan igivim land ia olsem pumas igo long Samuel mo bestowed taetel blong Vathan long hem
   
2. Vathan hemi no gat pikinini so hemi adoptem Samuel. Samuel hemi adoptem 1 girl "Toutwel". Olgeta raet blong Vathan oli go long Samuel. Raet blong Samuel oli go long Ati Toutwel mo hemi givim igo long Vathan Jr. we hemi bubu blong hem.
   
3. Salome mo Samuel tufalla ibrother mo sister. Tufalla iblong Ifira from tufalla iborn long Ifira. Tufalla I tekem pos blong house blong tufalla around pango Point igo long Ifira. Salome hemi maretem Sope.
   
4. Jif Kalontan hemi no gat land long ples ia, be through long Leiri we hemi wife blong hem mekem se hemi gat land ia. Leiri hemi sister blong Leimoko;
   

JOSEPH SAUREI, witness 4, hem tekem oath hemi talem se:

Papa blong Langole hemi N'gerei mo mama blong hem Touligo, hemi gat wan brother name blong hem Taura mo wan sister Leising.

Hemi no answerem plante kwestens, mo reasons blong hem se hemi no interest tumas long olketa business ia kasem taem hemi start blong readim olketa deed blong sale. Hemi findem out se Kaloris mo Langolle tufalla irelated. Mama blong Kaloris hemi brother blong Langole. Kaloris ia hemi great grand father blong hem (witness ia). Hemi confirm se Saurei mo mama blong hem Leiser tufalla naflac wit.

Hemi denaem se Kaloris wetem Kalomtak tufalla I brothers. Hemi confirm se igat baondri marik bitwin Ifira mo Pango.

Hemi confirm se oli related long famli Bakokoto. Ol ansestas blong olketa oli sisters mo brothers. Land we tufalla famli ia oli work long hem hemi sharem baondris. Hemi isave se long ples ia igat 3 jurisdictions: Erakor, Pango Ifira. Taetel 224 hemi stap long Jurisdiction blong ifira. "Le lagon" kasem Efilmahl hemi blong Erakor.

Naflac blong hem istart long:
TOUSKAR – LEGAGI – TOUNALAE - LEURA – LISERE - JOSEPH

WITNESS 5 WOTA KALSAL hemi tekem oath hemi talem se:

Hemi descendant blong Calvory. Calvory tufalla wetem Langole tufalla kamaot long wan famli nomo.

Hemi confirm se hemi no luk Jif Saurei be hemi luk Jif we hemi plantem coconut, hemi save se igat 1 baondri nomo. Hemi no save baondri blong land we istap long dispute, hemi kam nomo blong talem se Langole hemi wan long olketa we oli salem kraon.

Analyses:

Bambae Kot hemi analysem olketa evidences ia followem orda olsem:

1. Wanem purpose blong Naflac long Kastom?
   
2. Wanem purpose blong Joint Kot Desisen blong 27 July 1934?
   
3. Who hemi Vathan, Kalvorey mo Lagonle,
   
4. Wanem issue istap blong Efate Island Kot hemi settlem long case ia?
   
5. Whanem ia "Perpetual onaship"?
   

Wanem purpose blong Naflac long Kastom?

Kot inotem long case ia se igat plante interpretation long purpose blong Naflac. Advices we ikamaot long olketa Justices blong Island Kot italem se Naflac hemi wan system we istap long taem finis, hemi blong tracem back some identity mo blong maintenem peace insaed long komiuniti. But hemi no blong ownem kraon.

Blong findem out naflac blong wan man oli must go back mo lukaotem mama blong man ia then olketa uncle (brother blong mama) now bambae hemi givim lands.

So Naflac, really hemi land occupier or perpetual land ona. Traditionally within wan famili hemi purposely blong gather for sisters blong kastom owners. Outside long famili hemi blong offerem hospitality or refuge long same naflac blong different village or island.

However followem evidence we ikamaot long kot, hemi luk olsem long South Efate Naflac hemi been used not only blong identifyem famli laen long saed blong woman mo peace; but hemi also assistem big Jif blong managem land insaed long jurisdiction blong hem. Tradisen hemi olsem: bigfalla Jif hemi gat overhall control mo management over long lands, we oli stap insaed long Jurisdiction blong hem, hemi allocatem parcels blong land ia igo long wan wan Jifs blong Naflacs or klan we oli live under long Jurisdiction blong hem; olketa Jifs blong Naflac ia in turn oli dividem lands ia bitwin olketa members blong Naflac we oli stap under long those particular Jifs.

Wanem purpose blong Joint Kot Desisen blong 27 July 1934?

Purpose blong Joint Kot Desisen blong 27 July 1934; hemi blong Registerem interetest blong wan French kampany we oli callem "COMPTOIR FRANCAIS DES NOUVELLES HEBRIDES" over long land we yumi save tudei olsem taetel 224. Really hemi wan dispute bitwin man Niu Hebrides wetem wan foren kampany.

Evidence hemi showem se Jif blong Ifira long taem ia hemi Naflac Wit, hemi enjoyem support blong brother Jif blong hem blong Pango we hemi naflac wit too. But long taem blong go long trial, Jif blong Ifira hemi must showem prove se olketa people blong hem oli work long kraon we oli putum caveat long hem mo too blong showem se olketa oli gat relationship wetem ol oldfala we oli salem kraon ia long Rodin.
Evidence hemi showem se long 1934 olketa we oli go givim evidence oli Naflac "wit". But oli no clear se oli kastom ona blong which piece land stret blong taetel 224.

Afta long full kot hearing, Join Kot hemi findem se olketa witnesses oli no pruvum klem blong olketa followem Article 22 blong Convention paragraph 6 B (a,b, mo c); hemi decidem se franis company ia hemi winim case blong hem.

However Joint Kot hemi findem se wan long olketa representatives blong franis Company ia name blong hem Mr. Deligny, hemi letem olketa natives blong workem garden long ples ia over 10 years finis; eventhough deed blong sale hemi valid, bambae Joint Kot oda ifollowem Article 24 blong Convention blong talem se oli allocatem piece land ia long olketa Natives mo callem "Native reserve". Joint Kot hemi orderem blong oli katem out 29 acres blong kraon long Western part blong kraon blong Rodin we oli apply blong registerem igo long name blong Comptoir Francais des Nouvelles Hebrides. 29 acres land ia oli allocatem long natives blong Ifira hemi situated olsem:

- Nord: Vila Bay;

- East: Property "Pillage" blong Mr. Rodin Eluk blong famli blong de Barros;

- South West: Native lands

- West: Native land "Portion 20" blong Burns Philp & Company

Kot sitting long taem ia hemi no blong decide long Kastom onas blong land ia. Long 1980 now country ia hemi just putum stret criteria blong man hemi ownem kraon. Hemi identifaem 2 type blong onas: Kastom land onaship mo perpetual onas blong lands.

Long 6 March 1974 igat wan agreement bitwin tufalla Residents commissioners blong Niu Hebrides mo Comptoirs Francais des Nouvelles Hebrides, mo ol natives blong komiuniti blong Fila Island. Long agreement ia Comptoirs Francais des Nouvelles Hebrides hemi salem 2 pieces land insaed long taetel 224 igo long ol native blong Fila Island. First wan hemi stap long lots No 156 kasem 170 inside long subdivision blong "Terrain Rodin" second hemi stap insaed long Lot No 54 kasem 70. (Lot No 221 long same division).

First piece land istap long middle blong olketa land blong Comptoir Francais des Nouvelles Hebrides mo second piece hemi fas long property we oli registered No 223 long West side blong hem ol narafalla lots blong taetel 224.

So long total igat 3 different lands we olketa natives blong Ifira oli stap mekem Garden long hem. First wan long 1934 Joint Kot hemi decide blong letem oli continu blong work long hem; second mo third wans we igat agreement blong olketa Native blong ifira oli pem out long Comptoir francais des Nouvelles Hebrides wetem help blong tufalla resident commissioners. Be oli never payem from Niu Hebrides hemi gainem independence blong hem mo constitution hemi changem system blong onaship over long olketa lands.

Wanem issue istap blong Efate Island Kot hemi settlem long case ia?

Island Kot hemi sidaon blong determinem Kastom Onas blong land baondris we Orijinol Klemant mo descendant blong Jif Kalpram Cooke Maseiman hemi putum ikam long Kot ia long 1995.

Bambae Kot imekem desisen blong hem long basis blong Kastom nomo. bambae hemi reservem any desisen we hemi no within powers blong hem.

More too, olketa statement blong klem we ikam long foret blong Kot ia iluk famli Bakokoko I mo II, Family Henden Kalsakau, Mantoi Kalsakau III, famli Nareo Lagole blong Ifira mo other klemants blong Erakor mo Pango oli klem interest blong olketa over long same area blong land ia; hemi implae se long 1934 oli no tok about detail blong Kastom baondris mo kastom istri.

So Kot ia bambae hemi no agree blong talem se Joint Kot hemi mekem desisen finis long Kastom onaship blong taetel 224. From Kot ia hemi sure se long taem ia Joint Kot hemi no hearem enough evidence blong Kastom istri mo Kastom baondri blong mekem wan proper desisen olsem Constitution hemi providem tudei.

Baondri we bambae kot hemi concentrate long hem long klem blong Matarau Tefeke:

Way we kaonta-klemant ia hemi producem olketa evidence long baondris blong hem, ishowem long Kot se hemi defendem land blong olketa members blong Naflac "Wit". However hemi interest long 2 piece lands nomo insaed long taetel 224. Tufalla piece land ia oli callem taetel 3190 mo 3191. Hemi produsim map blong hem long Kot. Map ia hemi namba (plan) 208 D3 mo 208 D 4. Tufalla plan ia now hemi highlightem long baondri we hemi prodiucim ikam long Kot. Tufalla lands ia oli included long Taetel 224 blong 1934.

Kot hemi need blong identifaem olketa descendants blong olketa natives blong Ifira we oli work long land ia long immemorial times; before hemi save determinem rights blong olketa over long lands ia:

Findings:

• Vathan hemi pikinini boy blong Touskau wetem Manaika
• Vathan hemi adoptem Samuel mo givim taetel Vathan long hem;
• Samuel hemi adoptem Toutwel mo givim taetel Vathan long hem;
• Toutwel hemi givim taetel Vathan long Vathan Junior;
• Vathan Junior igivim taetel Vathan long Fatani (witness 1)
  
• Touskau wetem Manaika tufalla ibornem Leiwango;
• Leiwango ibornem Leiwia;
• Leiwian hemi bornem Leimalu;
• Leimalu hemi bornem Taripoachichi
• Taripoachichi ibornem Kalfabun (witness 2)
  
• Touskau wetem Manaika tufalla ibornem Leigatchi;
• Leigatchi hemi mama blong Pastor Kaloris Saurei;
• Pastor Saurei hemi papa blong Nauloa;
• Nauloa hemi papa blong Joseph Saurei (witness 3)
  
• Touskau wetem Manaika tufalla ibornem Leiwango;
• Leiwango ibornem Leiwia;
• Leiwia ibornem Leisongi;
• Leisongi hemi bornem Alice (Eles) (witness 4)
  

Kot notem se Orijinal klemant hemi limitim klem blong hem long rights blong Kalpram Cooke Maseiman; but ino Marik Kalsal. Hemia hemi implae se olketa bisnis blong kraon long taem blong Kalsal mo Kalpram Marpit wetem olketa pikinini mo sisters blong tufalla hemi ino disputed long klem ia.

Orijinol kleman hemi talem se Eleo-Eurakot hemi blong olketa Munuwei mo Warriors. Touskar hemi girl blong Kalpram Marpit we hemi Munuwei. Hemi sister blong Leisau Toupong (Wiwi) we hemi receivim "Pumas" long Elkao kasem Emetper (Plesaur/Plebong).

Kot findem se wan sister igo long Erakor mo wan igo long Ifira.

As far as olketa kaonta klemans ia oli save rimemba, oli usum land from Jif Kalotrip we hemi Naflac "wit" hemi markem baondri. But Kalotrip hemi usum power blong hem olsem Jif nomo blong putum baondris.

Land hemi stap insaed long jurisdiction blong Jif blong Pango. Hemi highly probable se land hemi blong Kalpram Marpit mo igo long Touskar.

MANTOI KALSAKAU III v KALPRAM COOKE MASEIMAN:

Spokesperson blong kaonta klemant ia hemi Mr. KALORIB DANIEL, assistant Jif blong Ifira;

Kaonta klemant ia hemi bigfala Jif blong Ifira. Hemi kam long foret blong Kot blong klemem interest blong hem mo olketa people blong Ifira long Eleo.

Evidence blong supportem klem blong hem istap long 2 Deed of sale we hemi showem se Natives blong Ifira oli salem land ia long olgeta Europeens long late 1800s.

Ikat plante comments we ikamaot long Orijinol Klemants mo olgeta kaonta klemants, we oli raetly pointem out se olketa pleadings blong kaonta-klemant ia oli showem se oli no serious about kastom interests blong olketa, from we oli no prodiusim proper famli tri, kastom istri mo kastom baondris insaed long statement blong olketa.

Kot inotem se klemant ia hemi mekem copi blong olketa pleadings we hemi been filem long Supreme Kot long Civil Case No 110 of 2000 nomo. Kot hemi look save difficulties blong Orijinol klemant mo olketa kaonta-klemants blong no save cross examinesen; but bambae hemi no fair sapos Kot hemi adjournem case from bambae hemi causem unnecessary delay.

So, kot hemi allowem trial blong kaonta-klemant hemi go head.

Although hemi no clearly setem out olketa kastom basis blong klem blong hem, Kot hemi luk olsem se kaonta klemant ia hemi base long:

1. PATRILINAL BLADLAEN BLONG OLKETA WE OLI SALEM LANDS;

2. Deed of Sale we VATHAN, LANGOLE MOR CALVORY OLI SALEM LAND IA LONG 1881;

3. ALIENATHERSHIP OVER LONG PART BLONG LAND.

4. ANCESTRAL LAND BAONDRI.

Baondri:

Kastom baondri blong hem too hemi no clear. Bambae Kot itekem se hemi klemem interest insaed long some specific land long Orijinol taetel 224 we oli stap long deed of sale blong 1881/82.

[Image 11]

Taem hemi presentem klem blong hem hemi prodiusim wan buk, we icontainem plante pleadings we oli refer long Civil Case 110 of 2000.

Orijinol kleman hemi no denaem raet blong olketa blong work long land, but hemi talem se land hemi blong Pango, olketa ia oli work followem relationship blong olketa wetem Leising.

Hemi produsim 5 witnesses:

KALFORI KALTAPANG, 67 years, hemi tekem oath:

Plante toktok long affidavit blong hem we hemi swearem long 15 November 2000 oli relate long land taetel 12/0193/087. Long affidavit ia hemi talem se hemi ona land EPEP mo ECRA oli stap long southern side blong lease 12/0193/087. Land ia hemi long middle blong PANGO mo IFIRA. Be olketa blong Pango oli never usum or even pass over long land ia. Land ia hemi no Eleo.

Hemi swearem wan second affidavit we hemi talem se papa blong hem Kalmasei Kalfori hemi born long 25 September 1908.

Taem hemi answerem cross examination hemi talem se:

Calvori we isalem land ia long 1881 hemi great grand father blong hem, hemi naflac "wit".

- Calvori hemi bornem Kaltapang Kalvori Senior, igo long

- Kalsei Kalvori Senior,

- Kalsei Kalvori junior mo

- Kaltapang Kalvori junior.

Hemi talem se papa blong hem igat 5 brothers, olketa everyone oli live long Pango. Kalvori Kaltapang Junior hemi cousin blong papa blong Kalotiti Kaltapeng (kaonta klemant 18). Tufalla ibeen dividem land ia finis bitwin famli blong Pango mo Ifira. So land we oli stap talk about hemi Orijinoly blong ol man Pango be hemi no blong ol man Ifira.

Apu Calvori hemi owna blong Efilmahl. Hemi receivim land ia olsem wan gift from work we hemi mekem long Pango. Long 29 July 1912 people blong Pango under long Jif blong olketa we hemi Kalotrip oli settem up baondri mo oli putum wan smol stone we oli callem Fatumaru. Dream Cove hemi outside long baondri ia.

Edwin ARTHUR, witness 2, sworn mo hemi talem se:

Hemi no save kastom baondri blong land we istap long dispute, be hemi kam blong talem how surveyor hemi work mo wanem procedure blong followem blong surveyem wan land.

Hemi save se ibeen gat 2 deed of sale; mo taem blong tufalla deed of sale ia, ino been gat strong rule of law yet long Niu Hebrides so ol 'Europeen" oli tekem priviledge ia blong acquirem plante big land insaed long Niu Hebrides.

Taem ikam blong Kalpram Tuekot hemi cross-examinem witness ia, hemi mekem comment se hemi no save preparem gud cross examinations kwestens blong hem from kaonta klemant ia hemi stap refilem olketa documents we hemi been filem long Supreme Kot long case 110 blong 2000 blong Kot ia hemi usum. Hemi no tekem legacy wetem olketa criteria blong Island Kot procedure as regard long Land Case nothing, mekem se hemi difficult blong oli cross-examinem olketa witnesses blong hem. So hemi findem hemi hard blong cross examinem witness ia.

Majority blong olketa kaonta-klemants oli no gat kwestens blong askem.

STEVEN KALSAKAU, witness 3, hemi swear mo talem se:

Sworn statement blong witness ia too hemi usum long Civil case 110 blong 2000 long foret blong Supreme Kot we hemi swearem long 20 November 2000. Hem too hemi refer long taetel 12/0913/087 mo talem se land ia hemi blong Ifira.

Hemi klemem kastom onaship blong land from papa blong hemi naflac nawita wetem Langole wetem Leising. Leising hemi maretem Makaurei. Tufalla igat Tarimata Kalsakau I. Leising hemi sister blong Langole, tufalla iblong antop ia. Taripakoa hemi uncle blong Kalsakau. Hemi possible se hemi brother blong Leising.

N'Gerei hemi papa blong Leising. Hemi no save se Touliko hemi kamaot long where. Be hemi kam witness blong sapportem klem blong Mantoi Kalsakau over "LAKETIMAU"

Hemi true se Kalsakau hemi kamaot long Erangorango. Istri blong olketa (kaonta klemant ia) ikam long 2 side: Mele igo long Malapoa mo Buffa igo long Maltaurik mo Efilmahl. Makaurei now hemi incharge long olketa people ia. Antop long bush Erangorango mo Buffa tufalla isharem wan baondri nomo.

Taem oli askem meaning blong Maltaurik; hemi no save.

Hemi no save sapos olketa ansestas blong hem oli gat nasara long ples ia be, hemi save se oli work plante year ipas finis.

Hemi save se papa blong hem wetem Jif Kalotrip now tufalla iputum baondri around long 1900s; Hemi agree se Erakor mo Ifira tufalla isharem baondri long daon long coastal side kasem USP mo go antap long bush. Hotel "le Lagon" hemi no stap long Pango mo Eleo hemi no stap insaed long Eurakot be hemi 50/50;

Hemi confirm se fishing kraon blong:

- Ifira hemi stap long Erauloa kasem long Efalfal,

- Pango hemi stap long Efalfal kasem Eselpako,

- Erakor hemi stap long Eselpako kasem Emetper; mo hemi believim se kastom fishing kraon ia hemi showem baondris blong trifalla vilejs ia now.

Hemi talem se ipossible se olketa intermarejs oli bringim unity blong olketa people long tufalla tribes ia mo olketa baondris oli kam followem system ia. Eleo hemi language blong Pango; Efilmahl hemi part blong Eleo.

TARI KALTERIKEA hemi gat 52 years; swear mo talem se:

Orijinol klemant hemi askem long witness ia blong hemi helpem kot blong putum back bigfalla zigsaw puzzle ia.

Sworn statement blong witness ia hemi heavy long evidence blong taetel 12/0913/087. Great great grand father blong hem ibeen appear long Joint Kot long 1933 blong sapportem Teriki Tarimata Kalsakau I.

Hemi talem se hemi connect long land through long great grand father blong hem Kalterekie mo great grand mother blong hem Toukaua we hemi girl blong Jif Maramara we hemi saenem deed of sale long 1881/82. hemi prodiusim famli tri blong hem blong showem laen blong great grand mother blong hem.

Hemi continue blong talem se land ia oli never dividem bitwin olketa Kastom onas. Oli agree nomo se bambae olketa Jifs mo kastom onas oli lukaotem land ia, fasin ia now imekem se hemi easy blong oli salem long 1881/82. Hemi confirm se Deed of Sale ia hemi main evidence blong olketa insaed long case ia.

Igat wan common baondri we oli putum blong maintainem peace bitwin Pango mo Ifira. Everyone oli respectem common baondris ia.
Hemi start long:

- Laka t'kimau next long Erakor Island Jetty, hemi run igo ontop stret long

- Lakarouru, long wan head blong bamboo we Pastor Sope Taunaone iplanem istap long ples ia; ikontinue igo long far left blong oldfalla taetel

- 223 long wan cave blong ples ia oli callem Emauror, hemi continue stret laen igo long

- Lakat fatu, Lawosi long nara side blong island.

First witness (Kalvori Kaltapeng) hemi uncle blong hem (witness) from hemi brother blong Leias we hemi mama blong Kalterekea mo hemi believe se knowledge blong Kalvori Kaltapeng long kastom hemi rij tumas. Kalsei Kaltapeng hemi grand father blong Kalterekia long saed blong mama blong hem Leias.

Hemi famli wetem Kalsakau through long Leimoko mo Leiwia. Tufalla ino gat brother. Leimoko hemi bubu woman blong Steven kalsakau. Kalterikia too hemi followem same famli laen ia long saed blong sister blong Leimoko.

Hemi no save tufalla parents blong oldfalla Kalterekia so hemi no save naflac blong hem, be hemi maretem Leising we hemi girl blong Maramara; hemi no save name blong munuwei we hemi sanctifaem ples ia blong oli save work safely long hem.

Olketa Jifs oli stap putum baondris long olketa lands, blong mekem se oli save controlem gud olketa people blong olketa. So long about 1900s oli been putum wan common baondri .

Hemi no save meaning blong Orfale kaifar hemi no save se istap where,
Every name blong kraon ia oli language blong pango, from Language ia oli been usum olsem language blong instruction bifo.

Hemi agree se Naflac oli tekem raet blong work long land nomo, but sometime oli save ownem land too. Eventhough klan "wit" oli stap long Kot ia tudei, but hemi convince se ino interest blong olketa we oli kam insaed olsem through "MAVIS" oli no represented. Mavis hemi wan system we man hemi save gat raet long land through naflac blong papa blong hem.

Hemi hearem se ibeen stap gat fight bitwin Ifira mo Erakor, be hemi no save from wanem reason.

MANTOI KALSAKAU III, Jif blong Ifira hem swear mo hemi talem se:

Oral istri blong hem istap long submission blong hem. Istri blong Vathan, Langolle mo Kalvory istap long deed of sale we italem se oli native blong Ifira. Hemi duty blong hem blong protectem interest blong komiuniti blong Ifira mo hemi raet blong anyone long komiuniti blong hem blong muve around.

Hemi no agree se komiuniti blong Ifira oli usum land nomo be oli no land onas; from olketa igat baondris too long erea ia.
Hemi talem se olketa people blong hem oli save baondris, ia baondris ia oli symbolisem respect we oli gat wetem Pango.

Eleo hemi no coverem ples we thank water istap long hem mo bigfalla house istap long hem.

Hemi no agree se baondris we oli stap tok about hemi blong Synod. Land ia hemi reserve land blong olketa people blong Ifira; Hemi save se ol kastom baondris oli, long form blong woods mo stones; Hemi talem se long Ifira oli followem Patrilinal raet over lands. But isave gat exception too, mo hemi idepend long Jif nomo. Hemi duty blong Jif blong look se everyone igat land blong work long hem.

Taem Able Kalmet, core spokesperson blong orijinol kleman, hemi askem relationship blong hem wetem witness hem, hemi talem se hemi no kam long Kot ia, blong talk about relationship blong tuffalla; hemi kam blong talk about jurisdiction blong Jif long area ia; kastom raet blong hem mo komiuniti blong hem. But Able Kalmet hemi putum long hem se hem (Mantoi Kalsakau III) hemi big brother blong hem.

Hemi personally klemem Nawosi go antop kasem Lakefatu (hemi no save identifaem stret klem blong hem); hemi talem se land blong hem hemi Efilmahl komiuniti blong hem oli klem Maltaurik, be hemi no sure long olketa baondris blong olketa, from hemi talem se hemi concern nomo long main boundari bitwin tufalla vilejs.
Hemi save kastom meaning blong Efilmahl be hemi no wandem talem.

Witness hemi refuse blong answerem plante kwestens.

Kastom onas mo Lands onas oli toktok blong whiteman, be hemi difficult blong separatem tufalla. Be sapos Jif hemi givim wan land long wan man, man ia ibekam ona blong land ia.

Big Jif now hemi stanep ol Jif blong naflac, mo other Jifs ia oli save ownem land too.

Witness ia hemi no wandem answerem any kwestens about how Jifs blong Pango mo Ifira oli putum common baondri. Be hemi agree se ino been gat wan written agreement about baondris ia mo baondris ia hemi blong peace nomo bitwin tufalla vilej.

Hemi refuse too blong talk about ordination blong Jif Kalpram Tuekot mo direct ansesta blong hem: Tarimata Kalsakau long Erauloa long 1909.

Filmahl hemi wan marae, be hemi alraet nomo blong salem, from long taem ia igat plante Marae blong olketa we oli salem land ia;

Hemi talem se olketa people blong Ifira oli man long bush, oli kam mo go long Ifira. Taem oli askem from wanem oli no wandem go long pango Point, witness hemi laugh mo talem se "from mifala ithink about youfalla evrywan, mifalla ilivim Pango Point blong youfalla".

Witness hemi no wandem tok about famli laen blong hem. Be hemi talem se Tarimata hemi no adoptem Eles.

Insaed long buk ia igat too olketa maps blong surveyors mo toktok blong some witness we tudei oli no save kam givim evidences either from oli ded finis or oli changem status blong olketa olsem witnesses blong supportem hem.

Igat too desisen blong Joint Kot over long registration blong lands ia mo evidences we Joint Kot hemi recordem long 1930. Kot ipropose blong talk about olketa main issues insaed long olketa evidences ia we oli save help blong understandem issues blong kastom onaships blong lands ia:

Joint Kot Judgments:

- Long 13 July 1927 Ferdinand Rodin hemi mekem wan applikesen blong registerem wan land "Pillage" we hemi pem long olketa natives blong Ifira. Application No 124. long bases se hemi occupaem land ia since 1881 mo deed of sale we ishowem se papa blong hem ipem lands ia long 3rd September 1881. Kot hemi decide se application hem istret mo oli registerem land ia long name blong Ferdinand RODIN putum name blong hem "PILLAGE". PILLANGE hemi including too "EFILMAHL".

- Long 27 July 1934 Joint Kot ilukluk long application No 177 blong registerem lands we hemi subject blong wan deed of sale blong 20 September 1882 bitwin olketa Native blong Ifira mo Ferdinand Rodin. Application ia Comptoir Francais des Nouvelles Hebrides hemi putum blong registerem land blong Rodin igo long name blong olketa. Kot hemi tok about judgment ia finis long kaonta klem blong Matarau Tefeke. Bambae kot ino talk about hem bakeken long ples ia. Nevertheless bambae kot ireflect long some evidences blong olketa Natives we oli go long foret blong Kot taem ia.

Takeaul:

Hemi wan young marred man long taem ia we Ferdinand Rodin hemi mekem agreement wetem ol man Ifira. Hem wetem papa blong hem istap long 3 different transactions. Tufalla blong same Naflac "Wit" wetem Vathan, Kalorey mo Langole oli part ona blong land ia from oli kamaot long same naflac nomo. oli sharem money blong land ia.

Oli never salem blok No 3. Be trifala brothers Vathan, Kalorey mo Longolle oli givim out nomo wetem consent blong olketa members blong naflac "Wit". Ol natives long taem ia oli putum land ia long Rodin olsem trust nomo long name blong trifalla mo trifalla oli holem blong interest blong olketa members blong Naflac.

Hemi talem se Vathan, Kalvorey mo Langole oli no save salem or givim out lands ia sapos oli no tekem consent blong papa blong hem mo olketa members blong naflac "wit" first time. Hem now hemi been katem baondris mariks long olketa tris.

Oli mekem gardens long ples ia long taem finis, bambae oli never stop blong mekem garden long ples ia.

Long submission blong Native advocate hemi showem se Takeaul hemi ded few weeks bifo counsel ia hemi stap mekem submission blong hem.

Kalterekia:

Hemi too istap long taem we olketa native oli givim land long Rodin. Kraon ia istap close up long coal dump. Takeaul, Vathan, Kalvorey mo Longole now oli katem baondris blong land ia.

Long submission: hem brother blong Takeaul.

Lizzie:

Hemi pikinini girl blong Kalvorei we hemi wan long olketa we hemi transferem land ia.

Kalorice:

Hemi wan young man long taem ia hemi stap live wetem uncle blong hem Langole. Langole hemi wan long olketa we oli transferem land ia.

Long 1934 igat more than 300 people long Ifira.

Analyses:

Kot iluk se olketa witnesses we oli supportem kaonta klemant ia oli defendem interest blong olketa too over long lands ia Maltaurik mo Efilmahl.

Hemi true se Kalfori Kaltabang hemi gat lease taetel over long Epep be, Epep tu hemi stap long dispute, we Orijinol klemant hemi klemem, but iluk olsem hemi no worry tumas long kastom interest from hemi gat lease.

Hemi true se igat wan common baondri; common baondri ia oli putum blong mekem peace bitwin tufalla vilej Pango mo Ifira. Olketa witness oli talem se oli hearem about some fights bitwin olketa vilejs, be oli no save reasons blong olketa fights ia.

Igat high possibility se olketa fights ia oli kamaot from kraon; mekem se Jifs Kalotrip mo Jif Kalsakau I oli must intervene blong putum peace.

Klem blong Orijinol klemants ishowem se oli wandem tekem back kastom raets blong olketa over long olketa lands ia we oli believe se olketa ansestas blong olketa oli been allowem olketa natives blong Ifira oli work long hem, but oli no save ownem.

Orijinol klemant through long spokesperson Peter Kalmos hemi continually repeatim se: "Pango hemi givim 2 somethings long Ifira: Woman mo Lands"

Tekem statement ia, olsem starting point blong ol toktok, bambae kot traem blong identifaem initial connection or orijin blong olketa we oli gat control mo management blong land long 1881/82 mo connectem olketa wetem olketa witnesses kaonta klemant ia:

Kalfori Kaltabang: hemi work long Epep. Majority blong olketa famli blong hem oli live long Pango. Hemi closely related long Kalotiti Kaltapang (kaonta klemant 18). Land long dispsute ia, hemi stap long erea blong pango. Papa blong hem, Kalmasei Kalfori hemi born long 25 September 1908. Hemia hemi 1 year bifo ordinesen blong tufalla Jif Kalpram mo Kalsakau long Erauloa.

Calvori we isalem land ia long 1881 hemi great grand father blong hem, hemi naflac "wit". Efilmahl hemi wan gift igo long Apu blong hem Kalvori. Sapos Calvori hemi salem land long erea blong Pango, hemi meanim se Calvori we hemi no wan Jif, hemi gat raet blong controlem mo managem land ia. But hemi no clear how raet ia ikam long hem;

Stephen Kalsakau: hemi klemem kastom onaship blong land from papa blong hemi naflac nawita wetem Langole mo Leising we hemi maretem Makaurei. Tufalla ibornem Tarimata Kalsakau I. Leising hemi sister blong Langole we hemi part long sale long 1881/82. Taripakoa hemi uncle blong Kalsakau. Hemi possible se hemi brother blong Leising too. N'Gerei hemi papa blong Leising. oli no save famili tri blong Touliko.

Evidence ia hemi inlaen wetem evidence we ikamaot long case blong Matarau Tefeke we oli talem se: "Langole hemi pikinini boy blong N'Gereii mo Touligo. Brother blong hem Taura sister blong hem Leising"
Long evidence blong Orijinol klemant Toulik or Touliko hemi sister blong Kalsal, Toutkor, Tourer mo Toulik. Toulik ia hemi maretem N'Gerei.

Kalterekia: Hemi connect long land through long great grand father blong hem Kalterekie mo great grand mother blong hem Touskaua we hemi girl blong Jif Maramara we hemi saenem deed of sale long 1881/82. Hemi prodiusim famli tri blong hem blong showem laen blong great grand mother blong hem. Long submission blong counsel blong olketa Native blong Ifira long Joint Kot long 1934 hemi talem se oldfalla kalterekia hemi brother blong Takeaul/Bakeaul.

Long famli tri we oli filem long Kot oli showem se Kalterekia we hemi witness long 1934 hemi maretem Touskaua. So kwesten istap se: which Kalterekia imaretem Leising? Or maybe Leising we hemi maretem Kalterekia, hemi no girl blong Toulik mo N'gerei be hemi girl blong Maramara? Sapos yumi base long Leising Maramara bambae yumi no gat corroboration from ino gat any party or witness bakeken hemi mentionem wan Leising we hemi girl blong Maramara.
So Leisigi we bambae mi base long hem, hemi Leising we hemi girl blong Touliko wetem N'gerei we hemi maretem Makaurei. Orijinol klemants oli agree long istri ia.

Kalterikea tudei, hemi convince se Matarau Tefeke oli no representem interest blong every "wit" from olketa we oli kam insaed through long "MAVIS" oli no been part blong klem blong Matarau Tefeke. "Mavis" hemi wan system we man hemi save gat raet long land through naflac blong papa blong hem.

Mantoi Kalsakau III: Jif ia hemi showem attitude blong wan Jif we hemi likem tumas olketa people blong hem mo long language blong hem, hemi no wandem tok about olketa ansestas blong hem, blong justifaem raets blong hemself. Hemi stanap blong defendant baondris blong komiuniti blong Ifira we oli stap under long Jurisdiction blong hem. Thinkthink ia hemi reflectem through long olketa answers blong hem ia:

(i) Hemi no agree se komiuniti blong Ifira oli usum land nomo be oli no land onas; from olketa igat baondris too long erea ia.
(ii) Olketa people blong hem oli save baondris ia, baondris ia oli symbolisem respect we oli gat wetem Pango.
(iii) Hemi duty blong Jif blong look se everyone igat land blong work long hem.
(iv) Taem Able Kalmet, core spokesperson blong Orijinol Klemant hemi askem relationship blong hem wetem Jif-witness ia, hemi talem se hemi no kam long Kot ia blong talk about relationship blong tufalla; hemi kam blong talk about jurisdiction blong Jif long area ia;
(v) Taem oli askem from wanem olketa ansesta blong Ifira oli no wandem go long pango Point, taem oli muve ikam daon; witness hemi laugh mo talem se "from mifala ithink about youfalla evrywan, mifalla ilivim Pango Point blong youfalla".
(vi) Hemi no wandem tok about famli laen blong hem. hemi no wandem answer too long olketa kwestens about Jifs.
(vii) Hemi clearem se igat plante people blong Ifira we oli muve ikam from somewhere, be hemi regardem olketa olsem native blong Ifira, hemi no mekem difference.
(viii) Kastom onas mo Lands onas oli ol toktok blong whiteman, be hemi difficult blong separatem meaning blong tufalla words ia. From sapos wan Jif hemi givim wan land long wan man, man ia ibekam kastom ona blong land ia.

Hemi personally klemem Lawosi go antop kasem Lakefatu (hemi no save identifaem stret klem blong hem); hemi talem se land blong hem hemi Efilmahl komiuniti blong hem oli klem Maltaurik, be hemi no sure long olketa baondris blong olketa, from hemi talem se hemi concern mo long common baondris bitwin tufalla vilejs.

Hemia hemi toktok blong wan Jif we hemi care long olketa people hemi ready blong supportem thinkthink blong olketa long olketa situations we oli open long olketa blong oli klemem interest blong olketa mo oli givim opportunity long hem blong hem save testifae.

Findings

1. Kalfori Kaltabang:
   

• Kalfori we isalem land ia long 1881 hemi great grand father blong hem, hemi naflac "wit".
• Efilmahl hemi wan gift igo long Apu blong hem Kalfori. Olketa blong Pango oli givim land ia long hem, olsem wan compensation from work we hemi mekem. (Sapos Kalfori hemi salem land long erea blong Pango, hemi meanim se Calvori we hemi no wan Jif hemi gat raet blong controlem mo managem lands ia).
  

2. Stephen Kalsakau:

• hemi related long Leising;
• Leising hemi sister blong Langole;
• Leising hemi maretem Makaurei, tufalla ibornem Tarimata Kalsakau I;
• N'Gerei hemi papa blong Leising mo mama blong hemTouliko."
  

3. Tari Kalterekia:

• Hemi connect long land through long great grand father blong hem Kalterekie;
• Kalterekia hemi related long Takeaul/Bakeaul;
• great grand mother blong hem Touskar;
• Touskar hemi girl blong Leisiko mo Jif Marmara
  

4. Jif Mantoi Kalsakau III:

• Hemi connect long land through long great grand father blong hem Makaurei mo great grand mother Leising;
• Leising hem ibornem Tarimata Kalsakau 1 we imaretem Leimoko tufalla ibornem Graham Kalsakau II we hemi papa blong Jif Mantoi Kalsakau III;
  

Olketa kaonta klemants mo witnesses ia oli stanap related long Leising/Leisingi/Leisinko we hemi girl blong Touliko mo N'gerei.

As far as olketa kaonta klemans ia oli save rimemba, oli usum land long immemorial time mo oli save se Jif Kalotrip we hemi Naflac "wit" hemi markem baondri. But Kalotrip hemi usum power blong hem olsem Jif nomo blong putum baondris.

Land hemi stap insaed long jurisdiction blong Jif blong Eleo-Eurakot. Hemi highly probable se land hemi igo long Touliko we hemi sista blong Kalsal. Although ino gat evidence blong "pumas", olketa blong Ifira oli usum lands ia long immemorial times finis. Mo klem blong orijinol kleman istart long Kalpram Cooke nomo; not Kalsal.

FAMLI HENDEN KALSAKAU v Jif Kalpram Cooke MASEIMAN:

Klemant ia hemi filem pleadings blong hem followem direction order date February 2007; however pleadings blong hem ino disclosem any documentation or pleadings long saed blong Kastom baondris; Kastom histori; Famli tri.

Yet taem hemi introducium case blong hem; hemi produsum wan smol buk we hemi intaeteld "Long God yumi stanap – Truth or Tradition" mo hemi talem se every documents we hemi base long hem oli included long statement of klem blong hem:

1. Long saed blong Kastom baondris olketa land we oli included long taetel 224; land ia Maltaurik,

2. Long saed blong kastom histori blong hem, hemi talem se bambae hemi givim long kot under long oath;

3. Long saed blong famli tri blong hem hemi prodiusum olketa pictures blong great great grand father blong hem, great grand father blong hem; Father blong hem, hem, ol pikinini boys blong hem grand son blong hem.

Basis blong Klem:

Klemant ia hemi basem klem blong hem long:

1. TITLE SINGARI;
   
2. ANCESTRAL KASTOM LAND BAONDRI.
   

Kastom baondris:

Every land we oli stap insaed long Deed of sale blong 1882 mo 1884 we oli become Taetel 224. Land ia hemi Maltaurik hemi includim:

1. Elluk;
2. Langnafarpir;

100. Satere;

4. Langmanlup;
5. Efilmahl
6. Tuu;
7. Philange
8. Suluna;
9. Ellapa;
10. Saval
    

[Image 12]

Kastom istri:

Hemi klem under taetel SINGARI MANULAPALAPA SOLOMON LANGIATI TUI KALSAKAU. As result blong wan research blong hem long 1972 hemi findem out se:

1. Taetel ia SINGARI hemi wan big Jif blong Efate Tribe, we kastom baondris blong hem istart long EBAU, WOROLUA, BOUFFA, ERANGRANG, MAUTULEP, TEBAKOR, MALAPOA POINT mo PAWNAPKAS.
   
2. Hemi fight wetem wan narafalla Jif (brother) blong conquerem olketa lands ia. Tufalla istap blong rao from kraon ia long WOTARUA we hemi meanim 2 Jifs; igo kasem long Devel's Point tufalla tugeta hemi death.
   
3. Hemia now imekem oli callem ples ia Devel's point.
   
4. Headquarter blong Singari I stap long behind long hill blong Epule name blong hem WORAULOA.
   
5. Name ia oli tekem ikam daon mo putum long point blong go long Ifira, mo Nasara blong hem name blong hem Natoika.
   
6. Name ia Natoika oli still usum today long Ifira mo policeman blong Jif blong ifira now hemi holem name ia.
   
7. Manulapalap hemi name blong Sea bird.
   
8. Taem tufalla I stap fight Singari hemi winnim land mo ocean, so hemi flae igo long solwota. Kastom dressing blong Jif Singari hemi putum wan feather blong Manulapalap long head blong hem blong identifaem hem.
   
9. Taem sister blong tufalla Jifs ia hemi hearem about death blong tufalla brothers blong hem; hemi crae longtaem mo sitdaon long wan stone long lagoon blong Ekasuvat. Hemi wandem blong gat descendant blong tufalla; then hemi gat bell trough long stone ia mo bornem ansestas blong klemant ia. Singari hemi meanim Revenge.
   

Sister blong tufalla jifs ia hemi Leimoko we hemi wan magic woman; hemi bornem: Leiwango, igo long Leigatchi, Chichirua mo Leiwango Junior.

Leiwango Junior hemi bornem Leiwia mo Leimoko Junior. Leimoko Junior hemi bornem Kalsakau I, igo long Kalsakau II mo igo kasem Henden.

Hemi callem 3 witnesses.

FIRST WITNESS blong hem hemi youngest son blong hem JAMES KALSAKAU, hem igat 16 years.

Long statemen we hemi filem long Kot hemi talem se name blong hem James Kaas Kalontas Kalsa Jiptono Darmaji Kalsakau, hemi descendant stret bladlaen blong Jif Kalsakau I mo Leimoko. Papa blong hem, hemi Henden Singari Manulapalapa Solomon Langi at-Tui Kalsakau mo mama blong hem, hemi Elizabeth Leipoi Kalsakau. Hemi born long 1992. Taem hemi gat 3 manis nomo papa blong hem iputum hem long wan oldfala Jif blong Tanna nem blong hem Charlies blong Lenakel we Apu blong hem ibin showem baondri blong land ia long hem since 1944. Hemi istap wetem oldfalla ia mo mekem Karen antap long Maltauriki. Hemi grow up wetem hem long Worasaa mo tufalla istap mekem Karen antap long Filmahl. Tufalla imekem Karen kasem taem we hemi go back long Ifira wetem olketa parents blong hem. Oldfalla ia hemi showem every kastom baondris blong ples blong mekem Karen blong hem long hem; mo papa blong hem (Henden).

Afta few attemps blong cross examination, witness ia hemi no save answerem olketa kwestens concernem kastom baondris mo kastom istri. Kot iluk olsem witness ia hemi put under pressure; hemi intimidated, from olketa senior persons or parties long case ia oli kwestenem hem, about olketa kastom istri we hemi no save answers blong olketa.

Olgeta parties oli frustrated mo Jif Daniel Kalorib (Tasila) we hemi spokersperson blong Jif Mantoi Kalsakau III hemi stanap mo singaot long Kot se "hemia hemi wan child abuse". (Kalorib hemi assistant Jif blong olketa long Ifira includim family Henden Kalsakau).

Kot idecide blong Kot hemi stop smol taem mifala go insaed long retaering room blong Kot, olketa Justice blong Efate Island Kot oli advice se long kastom hemi tabu blong olketa youngfalla boys olsem, oli kam long foret blong olketa seniors blong vilej blong oli kwestenem olketa about kastom: old oldfalla oli should save gud kastom blong olketa. Oli continue blong talem se hemi wan insult long face blong olketa Kastom Jifs.

Taem Kot hemi mentionem insaed long Kot long desisen blong hem blong disqualifaem witness ia, Mr. Henden Kalsaksau hemi talem se witness ia hemi kam long Kot blong talem nomo se hemi been work long Maltaurik wetem wan olfalla blong Tanna we bambae hemi witness Number 4 blong hem.

KOT HEMI ORDER BLONG DISQUALIFAEM JAMES KALSAKAU, WE HEMI GAT 16 YEARS NOMO. Reason blong hem se: UNDER LONG KASTOM RULE HEMI NO WAN QUALIFIED WITNESS. THEREFORE EVIDENCE WE BAMBAE HEMI GIVIM HEMI INADMISSIBLE long kastom.

WITNESS 2 Mr. JOSEPH TALES. Witness ia hemi gat 74 years; hemi tekem oath

Hemi talem se hemi kam long Kot blong talem se papa blong hem iblong Ambrym, hemi friend gud wetem Jif Kalsakau I mo Jif Kalsakau I hemi allowem hem blong work long kraon ia Maltaurik.

Hemi no save answerem plante kwestens we olketa kaonta klemants oli askem about kastom istri mo famli tri blong klemant.

Tufalla witnesses ia tufala ino helpem kot long saed blong Kastom. But tufalla I kam confirmem nomo se tufalla I stap work long Maltaurik; under long authority blong Kalsakau I.

WITNESS 3 Klemant Mr. HENDEN KALSAKAU (himself), hemi tekem oath hemi talem wan brief istri blong hem.

Orijinol Klemant mo olketa kaonta klemant oli raisem concern blong olketa long way we klemant ia hemi no disclosem kastom baondris, famli tri mo kastom istri blong hem; imekem oli findem hemi difficult blong cross-examinem hem. Kot hemi agree wetem olketa parties long case ia, se klemant ia hemi no fair wetem everyone. Blong fairness, Kot hemi adjournem case ia igo long next day.

Long cross-examination, hemi talem se:

Bakaulu we hemi wan long olketa trifalla olfalla we oli saenem deed of sale hemi givim name ia "Singari" long niece blong hem Leiwia blong preserve from others mo Lewia hemi bestowem name ia long papa blong Henden.

Papa blong Henden igivim "Singari" long hem (klemant ia). Henden hemi namba 6 sons long famli. Henden inturn hemi givim name ia long son blong hem; taem grand son blong hem iborn, hem (klemant ia) igivim long hem bakeken so tudei igat 3 Singari we oli laev istap.

Hemi continu blong talem se Singari hemi Naflac WIT (OCTOPUS). But Naflac hemi no ownem kraon. Bladlaen now hemi ownem kraon. Hemi talem version blong hem long "naflac" se hemi wan system blong identification nomo; for example tribe blong Ifira hemi Naflac "Wit", therefore every Jif blong Ifira oli must remen Naflac "wit" oltaem. Hemia iblong showem se olketa we oli originate from smol island ia oli "wit", from taem wan man igo long smol island, first creature we hemi save meeting hem Octopus. Hemia hemi wan kastom language blong hidem origin blong yumi long olketa whiteman or strangers.

Kot hemi notem too se klemant-witness ia hemi avoidem plante kwestens, hemi continually talem se anwsers blong kwestens we oli kam oli either tabu or reserve blong bambae hemi keepim secret kasem taem bambae hemi klemem land blong Port Vila Town.

Namba 4 witness hemi Maona Andrew Yafis Kuki Tonoli Toa Nafaka Fakalo Kalsakau Singari hemi son blong klemant ia; hemi gat 26 years; hemi tekem oath; mo talem se:

Bifo olketa kaonta klemants oli cross examine, oli mekem comment se oli no receivim statement blong witness until this morning. Klemant hemi admittem long Kot se hemi been filem statement long 15 September 2008, mo hemi withdrawem long next day; hemi no servem long olketa kaonta-klemant until this morning (29 September 2008). Sworn Statement hemi about 14 pages.

Witness ia hemi kam blong presentem 3 nalnals mo 1 axe (iron) we hemi klem se oli weapons blong Singari blong fight wetem. Hemi explainem se Singari iusum 1 nalnal iblong kilim breakem leg blong man mo narawan iblong killim man ided mo tekem igo blong kakae; namba 3 hemi blong usum olsem walking still blong hem.

Olketa kaonta klemants oli kwestenem hem be witness hemi faenem ihard blong answer. From sapos hemi true se Singari hemi stap long stone-age, how now iron axe hemi exist finis?

Namba 5 witness hemi Nanin Niel Kaaja Tooma Kalsakau singari; hemi tekem oath.

Same samting ihappen long sworn statement blong witness ia.

Hemi student blong year 11 long Malapoa. Taem hemi stap long year 8, hemi mekem smol research long olketa ansestas blong hem. Great great grand mother blong hem, hemi Leising mo great great grand father hemi Makaurei. Makaurei hemi no Singari.

Makaurei hemi Jif blong darkness; taem Christianity ikam hemi no likem doctrine blong olketa now, hemi givim taetel blong Jif long tawian blong hem Taripakoa. Taripakoa hemi brother blong Leising.

Hemi save se Bakokoto oli gat raet long land through long Leimuda.

Hem iconfirm se Leiwango mo man blong hem Kalopongi tufalla igat 4 girls mo wan long olketa hemi Leigatchi. Leigatchi hemi bornem Saurei. Be from we Saurei hemi kam Pastor long Ifira, oli givim taetel "Singari" igo long wan Kalsakau.

Analyses:

Klemant hemi klem onaship raet from hemi holem taetel blong Singari. Taetel ia Leimoko ilukaotem istap, then igivim long papa blong hem Kaltoi Singari Manulapalap, then iflow igo long hem, boy blong hem Sikalap mo bubu blong hem Kaljipolua. Tudei igat 3 existing "Singari". Kwesten istap se: "wan kastom taetel isave stap long papa, pikinini mo pupu we oli laef istap?" Olketa Justices oli talem se hemi no save work olsem.

Hemi tracem bladlaen blong hem ikamaot long:

- Kalpokor – Tafra – Makaurei. Makaurei hemi maretem Leising, tufalla ibornem Tarimata. Tarimata ibornem Kaltoi Singari; mo Leimoko igivim taetel ia long hem.

However kastom baondri blong hem, hemi no klear, be hemi talem se hemi claim olketa pieces blong lands we oli stap insaed long title 224 includim Maltaurik.

Hemi continu blong talem se:

Hemi inheritem "Singari" through long Leimoko we hemi girl blong Leiwango we imaretem Kalsakau. Leiwango hemi girl blong Tousakau.

Klemant ia hemi presentem case blong hem without support blong anyone long Tribe blong hem or klan blong hem. Out long 5 witnesses blong hem; hem wan nomo hem givim relevant information long Kot.

Olketa evidences blong hem oli result blong some years long research. Infact hemi talem se hemi stap mekem researches since student time blong hem long Malapoa-probably around 1975 onward. Olketa researches ia oli blong confirmem olketa istri we ol oldfalla oli stap talem.

Research blong hem oli rij long plante istri blong origin blong human habitation long Efate or long Vanuatu. But Kot hemi interest nomo long Eleo-Eurakot.

Klemant ia hemi wan nomo hemi mentionem taetel "Singari". Ino gat wan parties bakeken hemi gat knowledge long taetel ia. Hemi interesting blong luk se klemant ia hemi closely related long Jif Mantoi Kalsakau III, but hemi no cross-examinem hem long taetel ia.

Hemi showem se mama blong klemant hemi Tounipala;
Tounipala hemi girl blong Leiasmanu.
Langolle hemi adoptem mama blong Leiasmanu;
papa blong klemant hemi Georges Kaltoi;
Georges Kaltoi hemi boy blong Leimoko Jr mo Kalsakau I.
Leimoko hemi descendant long Leiwango mo Touskau.

Orijinol klemant hemi agree se Jif Tarimata Kalsakau I hemi kamaot long Leising mo Makaurei olsem kaonta klemant hemi talem.

Taem Kot hemi walkbaot long land, klemant ia hemi complaint se Kot idisqualifaem witness we hemi should talk about baondris blong Maltaurik; imekem hemi no save showem specific baondris. But, witness we hemi refer long hem, hemi gat 16 years this year 2008. Long 1995 taem case ia registered long Island Kot, witness ia hemi gat around 3 year nomo.

Igat evidence se papa blong Henden istap iusum taetel ia bifo finis. Orijinol kleman, Bakokoto mo Jif Mantoi Kalsakau III oli no challengem hem or discretim evidence blong hem over long taetel ia "Singari".

Findings:

Famli Henden Kalsakau Singari hemi descendant blong Jif Tarimata Kalsakau I.
Kalsakau I hemi descendant blong N'gerei mo Toulik, sister blong Kalsa.

Title Singari hemi wan title blong klan blong Leimoko. But ino gat evidence se taetel ia hemi attached long wan kastom baondri long area blong dispute.

BAKOKOTO MO DESENDENTS V KALPRAM COOKE MASEIMAN

Spokesperson blong klemant hemi Kirkir Bakokoto.

Kaonta klemant hemi basem klem blong hem long:

1. TAETEL BLADLAEN blong Paramount Jif BAKOKOTO long Tuetau Togota;
   
2. ANCESTRAL KASTOM LAND BAONDRI BLONG TUETAU TOGOTA
   

Taem hemi presentem klem blong hem, hemi prodiucim wan smol buk, entaetel "
Jif BAKOKOTO & DESCENDANTS - Eleo Land South Efate".

Baondri:

Start long Tekoni igo long Star warf long solta, iko antap long Warasa folem ol cliff we oli kolem Matnaura we hemi stap facem Iririki island mo Vila Town.

Follem line blong Matnaura iko kasem Eluk, aot long Eluk iko kasem Lokouwale mo aot bakegen ikamdaon long solwota long ples mifalla I kolem Mangara

[Image 13]

Hemi klem se land Tuetau Togota hemi part Eleo. Hemi ibeen stap under long ruling blong Jif Bakokoto.

Tekoni hemi wan tabu ples blong blak and white snake. Long ples ia igat 1 hole blong warm water we hemi act olsem medecin, taem olketa olfalla oli sick bambae oli go swim long water ia blong oli heal.

Bakokoto oli mekem garden nomo, long Tuetau Togota, ol house blong olketa oli stap long wan different ples long Efate; other times bambae Bakokoto hemi work kasem night; hemi save silip long baondri blong Tuetau Togota insaed long wan cave we oli kolem Lokouwale.

Igat wan narafala cave too long area ia we oli kolem Maltauriki, be hemi stap outside long disputed area blong hem.

Overwhole baondris blong Jif Bakokoto hemi large but kaonta klemant ia hemi limitim baondris blong hem long disputed area nomo we hemi Eleo we hemi same as Tuetau Togota.

ISTRI BLONG KASTOM ONASHIP:

Long taem bifo igat 2 main tribes nomo tufalla irule long erea stat long ples we naoia yumi singaotem Nambatri kasem end blong Pango or Epangtwe go round bakeken long ples we Pango Paradise Cove istap, kasem Woraoloa point kasem namba 3.

First tribe istap long Pango point nomo mo hemi been wan fierce tribe blong coastal eria. Igat plante tribal wars mo cannibalism hemi rule big wan long ples ia. Namba 2 tribes hemi blong Jif Bakokoto mo hemi rule long hill long ples we istri isingaotem Tuetau Togota kasem daon long namba 3 eria long Nagire church istap tudei.

Jif Bakokoto hemi rule long area ia since darkness mo hemi born long 1800s – long darkness time. Woman blong Bakokoto hemi Leimuta. Leimuta hemi native blong Tuetau Togota. Istri ino talem any thing else about Bakokoto mo Leimuta.
Jif Bakokoto hemi sharem same baondris wetem Jif long Epangtuei.

FAMLI TRI:

Jif Bakokoto mo Leimuta tufalla I gat 2 boys: Manpanga mo Bakaulu. Olgeta kaonta klemants ia oli kamaot long tufalla boys ia. Jifly taetel blong hem ia now hemi linkim olfalla Jif Bakokoto wetem spokersperson Kirkir Bakokoto mo hemi 5 jeneresens.

Around 1800s Jif Bakokoto hemi live long Efate mainland but hemi work long Tuetau Togota. Bitwin 1840 mo 1870 Bakaulu hemi Jif mo assistant blong Jif Manpanga tufalla too I work long Tuetau Togota but tufalla imuve igo long Ifira blong live long hem; under rule blong Jif Maramara blong Ifira.
Bitwin 1870 - 2007 Jiftly taetel blong Bakokoto hemi still silip istap.

PHILIP BAKOKOTO, witness namba 2, sworn mo talem se:

Hemi save se Bakokoto hemi no trespass long land ia. Hemi ona blong hem. Jif Bakokoto too hemi wan waria. Oli save jeneresen blong olketa kasem 7-8 jeneresens, be oli recordem 5 jeneresens nomo blong defendem land dispute ia. Hemi no save names blong olketa parents blong Bakokoto be hemi sure se oli no connect wetem Leipok we hemi famli laen blong Kalsal.Tekoni hemi tabu place blong olketa. Hemi wan warm water we wan snake istap silip insaed long hem.

Hemi se Sackla hemi stap long land blong Erakor. Long dispute blong hem hemi sharem baondri wetem pango long Esnar, but hemi no sharem any baondri wetem Erakor.

Hemi related long Jif Kalsakau I, Bakokoto now iordainem Kalsakau.
Hemi klem se long 1882 taem trifalla oldfalla oli salem land; Bakokoto hemi reign finis be hemi no save se oli stap salem land ia. Hemi possible se trifalla oldfalla ia oli stilim land ia blong oli salem. Leimuter hemi no related long olketa.

Bakaul hemi Jif afta long Jif Bakokoto.

Limut blong Orijinol klemant hemi no sem person wetem Leimuda blong Bakokoto.

WITNESS KALMAN PAKOKOTO sworn mo answerem olketa cross examinasen olsem:

Hemi kasem kastom istri blong hem through long papa blong hem mo hem readim long book blong Graham Miller wan "missy" blong bresbyterien. Mama blong witness ia iblong Eratap, bubu blong hem, hemi Kalman we hemi paramount Jif blong Eratap nowia. Bakaul hemi bladlaen laen blong hem.

Hemi continue blong talem se Bakokoto hemi Jif blong Tribe (naflac). Hemi gat 2 boys Bakaul mo Manpanga. Oli ordainem hem long Buffa around 1800s. Bakokoto ibeen reign 40 years, start long 1800 kasem 1840. During taem blong reign blong hem, hemi muve ikam daon wetem wife, 2 boys mo tribe blong hem. Hemi settle long 3-4 different place bifo hemi kasem Tuotau Togota. Hemi reign antap long Tuetau Totoga kasem 1845. Bakokoto hemi ordainem first Jif blong Ifira: Maramara . Afta oli ordainem Kalsakau from hemi school. Be Taripakoa hemi first Christian Jif. Olketa pikinini blong Bakokoto nomo oli munuwei mo warias blong hem. Bakokoto hemi maretem Limut blong Ifira. Leimuda hemi Mama blong Bakaul. Tedei name "Bakaul hemi laef mo counsin brother blong hem iholem name ia-(Bakau hemi stand up insaed long Kot blong identifaem hem). Insaed long judgment blong 1934 oli writem "Takaul" be hemi wrong.

Hemi confirm se famli blong hem iconnect long Orijinol Klemant through long TOULIK. Hemi true se Bakaul hemi no gat pikinini so hemi adoptem Kaltanak.

Long saed blong baondri, hemi talem se land blong Bakokoto hemi start long Orfale Kaifar, cave Lakoale, ples ia now hemi sleep insaed taem hemi no go back long house. "Lakoale" hemi mean ples blong sleep, refuge mo makem fire. Hemi no save Envet. Tuitao Togota hemi no includem Eleo.

Hemi admittim se hemi tekem save about baondri map blong hem long Ministry blong Land. Witness hemi confirm se hemi work long Emeltaurik, wetem more than 20 natives blong ifira oli work long area ia.
Hemi admittimg se papa blong hem Kalsrap Masu oli muve igo long mainland long Tebakor long early 1980.

Hemi confirm se igat man finis long Epangtue taem Bakokoto hemi kam wetem tribe blong hem mo 3 falla vilij oli gat baondris insaed long disputed land ia.

Baondri blong Ifira hemi stap long Tekoni- Waraso mo Mantarau.

Long 1980 taem land ikam back, every land blong olketa igo under long Ifira Trust. But today oli wandem findem individual kastom onas. Land blong Bakokoto hemi cover Ernagir, Elluck, Paradice Cove.
Hemi confirm se station blong Bakokoto long Ifira-Tenuku hemi Tatoru, we hemi name blong Erangorango, we tufalla boys blong Bakokoto iputum.

Tuetau Togota hemi black mo white faol blong Pango, be long Ifira oli kolem Tuetao Togota we hemi black mo white snake.

Hemi hearem se bladlaen blong langole oli ded finis.

Analyses:

Famli Bakokoto oli presentem 2 witnesses:

1. Philip Bakokoto we hemi pikinini blong Kaltango Bakokoto mo same taem brother blong Kirkir Bakokoto;
2. Kalmanu Bakokoto we hemi pikinini blong Masu Bakokoto we hemi brother blong Kaltango.
   

Tufalla igivim same evidences nomo. Kot iproposem blong analysem evidence blong tufalla same taem nomo.

Evidences long cross examination oli showem se oli ibeen ordainem Bakokoto long Bouffa around 1800s. Hemi reign bitwin 1800 mo 1845. Hemi muve igo long land Tuetao Togota wetem famli blong hem mo olketa people blong hem. Taem oli stap muve igo long land ia, ol pikinini blong hem nomo oli Munuwei mo warias.

Hemi critical, from Bakokoto Kirkir hemi talem se Jif Bakokoto hemi no live long Tuetau Togota, be hemi mekem garden nomo long land ia.
Be klement ia hemi no wandem talem ples we oldfalla Bakokoto isetel long hem. Bakokoto hemi talem plante taem se Lakoale, hemi cave we Jif ia isleep long hem taem hemi late tumas mo hemi no save go back long settlement base blong hem. Long ples ia igat some contradiction.

Hemi no clear long Kot se how now Bakokoto hemi muve igo long "Tuetau Togota". Long Annexure 4 we oli prodiusim olsem evidence, ol missionaries oli reportem se:

"Things went from bad to worse on South Efate. The ship returned in September 1849. The LMS missionaries on board learned that Pango was back to heathenism and fighting a bush tribe. (Live buk 5 page 52).

Iluk olsem olketa tribe blong Pango oli continually fightem olketa niu comers. Followem histori blong Bakokoto iluk olsem oli kam daon around 1840s mo buk blong Missy ishowem se oli fightem wan bush tribe long 1849. Hemi probable se fight ia hemi bitwin Pango people mo bush tribe we Bakokoto hemi part blong hem.

Long way we oli prodiusim evidence, kot luk olsemTuetao Togota hemi no includem Eleo; be hemi sharem baondri wetem Intanfasoc. Kalman hemi talem se "Intanfasoc" hemi ples we Kalpram Cooke Manseiman igivim long olketa man Ifira. Hemi possible se hemi West part blong Maltaurik.

Bakokoto hemi maretem Leimuda blong Ifira; tufalla igat 2 boys Bakaul mo Manpanga. Judgement blong 1934 we oli refer long "Takaul" hemi wrong. Name hemi should be "Bakaul".

Oli admittimg se name blong piece land we house blong Bakokoto istap long hem, long Ifira, hemi "Tatoru". Name ia hemi wan name blong Erangorango we tufalla boys blong Orijinol Bakokoto iputum.

Igat konfusion long ples ia. Oli stap talem se Bakokoto hemi kam daon wetem wife mo tufalla boys blong hem mo klan blong hem...; afta oli talem se hemi maretem Leimuta blong Ifira. Taem Orijinol Klemant hemi kwestenem evidence blong findem out more about Leimuta oli talem se hemi no same person wetem Leimut.

Hemi possible se jeneresen blong Bakokoto tudei oli no save parents blong Leimuda; mekem se oli talem se Leimuta hemi blong Ifira. Followem evidence blong orijinol klemant hemi talem: Toulik, sister blong Kalsal hemi maretem N'gerei we oli talem se hemi blong Ifira; so mekem se Leimuta hemi blong Ifira followem status blong papa blong hem N'gerei. However Bakokoto hemi dinaem famili laen ia.

Hemi difficult blong luksave why tufalla boys blong oldfalla Bakokoto oli tekem name blong Erangrango mo putum long smol yard blong olketa long Ifira-Tenuku.

From wanem tufalla ino tekem name blong Bouffa or Tuitau Togota?

Evidence hemi showem too se oldfalla Masu Bakokotomo famli blong olketa oli muve igo long Tebakor since 1980; mo too, iluk olsem famli Bakokoto Kirkir oli slow daon blong work long Tuetao Togota since. Infact taem blong visitim land, kot luk dark bush nomo long surounding area blong Lokowale;

Klemant ia hemi introducim wan niu big Jif insaed long area ia; be hemi interesting blong luk se hemi no wandem talk about naflac, yet during long hearing igat mention se Kirkir Bakokoto hemi Jif blong Naflac coconuts.

Kot findem hemi difficult blong tracem stret istri blong klemant ia from oli no wandem answerem plante kwestens. Oli no wandem tok about olketa woman ansestas blong Bakokoto too, we hemi save helpem kot ia.

Taem Kot hemi visitim land ia, oli showem two main sites blong olketa we Kot hemi wandem luk: Tekoni mo Lokouwale. Tufalla sites istap insaed or klosap long Maltaurik

Kot observem party ia taem oli presentem case blong olketa, iluk olsem oli talem se Bakokoto hemi wan taetel blong Buffa mo some evidence too italem se Bakokoto hemi blong Erangorango.
Taem Marik Kalontan iputum Jif Nunu Naperik Mala long witness box; hemi answer long wan kwesten blong Kirkir Bakokoto se: "Itrue se olketa ansesta blong olketa(Bakokoto) ikam long Erangorango; Bakokoto hemi wan assistant Jif blong taetel we witness ia hemi holem istap; Bakokoto oli work ontop long Eleo".

Oli no save papa mo mama blong Bakokoto we hemi muve igo established long Tuetau Togota; Oli no save sapos Jif ia hemi gat sisters or brothers.
Yet long evidence blong olketa oli stap talem se: " igat 2 main tribes nomo long disputed erea ia: first tribe istap nomo long Pango point mo hemi been wan fierce tribe blong coastal eria. Igat plante tribal wars mo cannibalism hemi rule big wan long ples ia. Namba 2 tribes hemi blong Jif Bakokoto mo hemi rule long hill long ples we istri I singaotem Tuetau Togota kasem daon long namba 3 eria; long Nagire church istap tudei." Sapos iolsem Tribes blong Jif Kalpram Tuekot, Munuwei Jif Kalpram Marpit, Jif John Kalomtak, Jif Kalontan, Jif Vathan, Lagolle Kalvorey oli stap where?

Problem blong kot long ples ia, se klemant ia hemi no wandem talem some informations blong helpem Kot blong understandem klem blong hem.Taem hemi stap answerem some kwestens hemi talem se wife blong Bakokoto hemi Leimuda mo hemi native blong Tuetao Togota, samtaem hemi talem se Leimuda hemi blong ifira. Hemi no wandem clearam identity blong olketa woman long istri blong hem. Sapos hemi klearem histri blong olketa woman long famili tri blong hem, bambae kot save skelem againstem toktok blong orijinol kleman we hemi talem se Leimut hemi girl blong Toulik.

Evidence hemi showem se Famli Bakokoto oli work long land ia. But Kot hemi no gat enough information blong talem se oli work followem wanem road blong kastom. Majority blong olketa klemants oli showem se land hemi blong pango. Tuetau Togota hemi stap baondri wetem land "Epep" we Kalfori Kaltapeng iwork long hem we oli confirm se land hemi blong Pango.

Findings:

Olketa evidences long klem blong Famli Bakokoto Kirkir oli no kasem standard blong probability we Kot ia hemi requirem blong deklerem se Family Bakokoto hemi Kastom ona blong land ia Tuetao Togota insaed long Eurakot-Eleo; followem right blong bladlaen blong Jif Bakokoto.

Hemi unfortunate se original klemant hemi luk save Bakokoto insaed long famili tri blong hem we oli descendant blong N'gere mo Toulik sista blong Kalsal. However kaonta klement ia hemi no wandem toktok about.

FAMLI RUSSEL BAKOKOTO –v- FAMILI KALPRAM COOKE MASEIMAN

Spokesperson blong kaonta klemant ia hemi Pastor Russel Bakokoto

Kaonta klemant hemi basem klem blong hem long:

1. POUMAS – THROUG LONG KALTANAK FRED BAKOKOTO LONG ETTOOMOO I MO II;
   

Taem hemi presentem klem blong hem hemi prodiucim wan smol buk, entaetel " "ETTOOMOO".

Klem

Hemi talem se hem, olsem wan Pastor, hemi no save kiaman. Taem hemi hearem se dispute blong Eleo-Eurakot ikaverem "Ettoomoo" I mo II; hemi obliged blong registerem klem blong interest blong hem over long graon ia.
Hemi talem se:

1. Long 2 April 1914 Kalsrab blong pango italem se two olfalla Kalorib mo Kalco blong Pango Vilej isalem Ettoomou II long Edward Jacomb long 14 September 1912. Witness hemi Jif Kalotrip blong pango.
   
2. Long 26 July 1916, R.P.L. Brown, Commissioner hemi transferem land iko long F. Kaltanak Bakokoto blong Vila (or) Ifira long presence blong Kalorib mo Kalco mo Edward Jacomb. Witness hemi Jif Kalotrib mo Kalsarab.
   
3. Long 21 December 1926, Edward Jacomb, Kalorib mo Kalco oli transferem Etoomou II olsem free gift long F. Kaltanak blong Ifira, Ettoomou II iolsem wan "Pumaso". Wtiness hemi Arnest A. Seagoe, Kalotrib, Jif blong Pango, Stanley Lyle, Kalotiti mo Kalson;
   
4. Long 21 January 1930, Joint Kot igivim Taetel "Ettoomou I long F. Kaltanak blong Ifira. Registered No 24, Application No 41 Efate
   
5. Long 23 April 1931, Joint Kot igivim taetel blong Ettoomo II long F. Kaltanak blong Ifira registration No 56 plan No 63.
   

Baondri:

[Image 14]

Taem hemi presentem klem blong hem Pastor Russel Bakokoto, hemi talem se hemi kam blong talk about Fred Kaltanak Bakokoto from interest blong famli blong hem long Ettoomou I mo II. Hemi talem se hemi no gat plante toktok blong talem mo bambae hem nomo iwitness.

Istri:

Hemi talem se hemi kamaot long Bakokoto. Bakokoto hemi maretem Leimuta mo tufalla igat 2 pikinini: Manbaga mo Bakaulu. Manbaga hemi maretem Chimata mo tufalla ibornem Kakau, Kalchichi mo Kaltanak. Bakaul imaretem Leitogowi Leiasi blong Pango tufalla ino gat pikinini; tufala iadoptem Kaltanak boy blong Manbanga.
Kaltanak hemi maret 2 times; first Touskari. Tufalla igat 2 pikinini: Ena mo Toukawa. Toukawa ided. Second wife blong hem Leisapo; tufala igat 3 pikinini: Edward, Kaltouwa mo Kalchichi Bakokoto. Pastor Russel hemi pikinini blong Fred Kaltouwa wetem Tounaliu.

BAKOKOTO RUSSEL (Pastor), 50 years hemi tekem oath mo hemi talem se:-

Ettoomou hemi wan name blong Pango. Case blong hem hemi simple nomo. Hemi prodIusim olketa papers long Kot. Jif Kalotrip hemi saenem agreement blong sale blong land we hemi stap tok about long kot tudei. Taem oli salem land ia Kaltanak wetem 2 narafalla man bakeken oli gardener blong Edward Jacomb. Long time ia around 2 April 1914 apu Kalorip mo Apu Kalco tufalla isalem land long Edward Jacomb. Sale ia itake ples 96 years ipass finis. So Russel hemi no save stret Kastom baondris' hemi rely nomo long map blong surveyors.

Hemi spendem 2 days long Pango blong mekem research blong hem over long issue blong kraon ia. Hemi klem land ia through "pumas" long bladlaen blong descendants blong olketa onas blong land ia. Gift ia hemi strong, man ino save kwestenem bakeken.
Baondris we oli stap refer long hem nowia long kot hemi wan boundari we Jifs blong Ifira mo Pango tufalla ijust putum nomo; be land ia hemi blong Pango, oli salem igo long Europeen, after olketa Europeen oli igivim interest blong olketa igo long Kaltanak;

Taem oli stap askem about any cave long ples ia; hemi talem se hemi save about wan "Wotanman" Cave;
Kalpoi hemi kwestenem "pumas" se how now wan foreigner hemi save givim land ia olsem "pumas".

Russel hemi clearem se Land "Ettoomou I" hemi blong Bakaul be "Ettoomou II" hemi "pumas". Olketa descendant blong Bakaul oli still workem garden long ples ia.

Analyses:

Kot observem Russel Bakokoto taem hemi stap givim evidence blong hem, kot luk save se hemi honest. Hemi talem se land ia hemi blong olketa famli blong Pango. Hemi klem "pumas" long Ettoomou II mo birth raet blong Bakaul long Ettoomo I.

Pastor Bakokoto hemi anexem plante documents blong land dated bitwin 1912 1934 long buk blong statement blong hem; be hemi no explainem any long olketa documents ia. Kot luk se olketa documents ia oli relate long sale mo registration blong land ia mo evidence blong gift we Fred Kaltanak hemi receivim.

Kot iwalkbaot long baondris blong lands ia long Saturday 11 October 2008 long presence blong original klemant. During long visit ia kot luk save se Pastor Russel hemi understandem gud se oli (someone) igivim land ia long "ati" blong hem mo land ia, hemi blong Pango; Edward Jacomb hemi givim Ettoomo II long Kaltanak olsem present blong hem bifo Jacomb ilivim Niu Hebrides.

Ettoomoo II hemi wan land we oldfalla Kalco mo Kalorib oli salem long Jacomb. Taem blong visit blong kot long land ia, Kot iluk save se famli blong Bakokoto oli work long land ia plante jeneresen ipass finis, olketa ples we Kot igo long hem, oli ples blong daily work mo gardening blong famli Bakokoto.

Hemi talem too se tufalla oldfala Kalorib mo Kalco oli friend gud wetem Fred Kaltanak; from we land ia istap close long island blong Ifira, tufalla I decide blong givim wan piece blong land ia long Fred Kaltanak blong hem work long hem. Jif kalotrip, Kalotiti, Kalsong mo Kalsarab oli witnessem free gift ia.

Findings:

Pastor Russel hemi direct descendant blong Fred Kaltanak Bakokoto:

• Long 21 December 1926, Edward Jacomb, Kalorib mo Kalco oli transferem Etoomou II olsem free gift long F Kaltanak blong Ifira, Ettoomou I iolsem wan 'Pumaso'. Witness hemi Arnest A. Seagoe, Kalotrib, Jif blong Pango, Stanley Lyle mo Kalotiti Kalson;
• Long 21 January 1930, Joint Kot igivim Taetel "Ettoomou I long F. Kaltanak blong Ifira. Registered No 24, Application No 41 Efate;
• Long 23 April 1931, Joint Kot igivim taetel blong Ettoomo II long F. Kaltanak blong Ifira registration No 56 plan No 63.
  

Ino klea se how Kalorib mo Kalco tufalla ikastom onas blong lands ia, but ino gat any comments or kwesten over long identity blong tufalla during cross examination. Everiwan oli agri se tufalla iblong Pango.

JIF NAREO LANGOLE AND DESCENDANTS V KALPRAM COOKE MASEIMAN

Spokesperson blong klemant hemi Peter Tulangi.

Kaonta klemant hemi basem klem blong hem long:

1. TAETEL BLADLAEN blong Paramount Jif NAREO LANGOLE
   
2. ANCESTRAL KASTOM LAND BAONDRI BLONG DISPUTED AREA
   

Taem hemi presentem klem blong hem, hemi prodiucim wan smol buk, entaetel "
JIF NAREO LANGOLE & DESCENDANTS - Eleo Land South Efate".

Baondri:

[Image 15]

HISTRI:

Hemi talem se Nareo Langolle hemi fes paramount Jif blong Ifira long taem blong darkness. Taem hemi ded, pawa ia hemi bin go long Jif Tarpakoa, real name blong hem hemi Tawara.

Jif Nareo Langolle hemi salem ol kraon blong hem olsem wan high Jif. Long kastom blong Efate eni jif emi mas gat graon.

Storian italem se Jif Nareo Langolle hemi highest ranking Jif. Never wan Jif ikasem rang blong hem ia long time befo.
Long page 9 paragraph 6 blong buk blong hem, hemi talem se onaship blong kraon ia hemi followem nomo wan deed of sale we hemi bin saenem long 1882. Long paragraph 8 hemi talem se Jifly taetel blong hem istart long about 1871-1888. Jif Nareo Langolle hemi bin maret wetem Lenoai Leinamu, mo tufalla igat 4 pikinini:

- Makie Leinamu,
- Mangawai,
- Toutarupa
- Kalmala.

• Makie Leinamu hemi maretem Hungai mo gat 4 pikinini. Taem Hungai ided Makie hemi maretem Peter Meneai tufalla igat 2 pikinini bakeken: Walter Tulangi mo Leinoai.
• Mangawai hemi maretem Leaismanu mo tufalla igat Jimmy Kalsuaki. Taem Mangawai hemi ded, Leaismanu hemi maretem Fiandre Nanin mo gat James, Tounipala, Toumanga mo Ruth.
• Toutarupa hemi maretem Kalpraramu mo igat Kalfau, Nora mo Gibson.
• Kalmala ino bin maret.
  

Jif Nareo Langolle hemi ded somewhere bitwin 1880-90.

Klemants oli askem Kot blong:

1. Recognisem se famli ia hemi descendant blong Jif Nareo Langolle;
2. Recognisem se famli ia hemi land onas blong disputed baondris we oli marikem long map blong olketa;
3. Recognisem se Kastomeri law hemi must continue olsem part blong law blong Ripablik Vanuatu.
   

Insaed long buk blong olketa, oli annexem constitution blong Vanuatu, copy blong alienated lands Act, Efate Vaturisu kastomeri land loa, baondris blong disputed land mo baondris we oli klemem, bigfalla map about olketa different Farea we oli klem se Nareo Langolle hemi ownem, Deed of sale blong 1881, famli tri blong Nareo/Mangawai.

As Kot hemi proceed blong hearem case blong olketa oli prodiusim long Kot additional information we oli talem se oli wandem correctem some clerical mistakes long submission blong olketa: correction ia se:

Jif Nareo Langolle hemi bin maret wetem Leioa mo hemi kat four pikinini:

- Tawara;
- Leitakae;
- Tom;
- Nareo

• Tawara hemi maret wetem Leikela oli adoptem Kalsal Jiny;
• Leitake hemi maretem Alick Agele olsem first husband mo Autate olsem second husband mo Lai olsem nambe three husband
• Tom hemi no maret;
• Nareo hemi bin maretem Lenoai mo oli gat Makie, Mangawai, Toutarupa Kalmala;
  

Oli prodiusim olketa witness blong olketa:

MR. MANGAWAI MICKAEL, hemi tekem oath mo talem se:

Jif Nareo Langolle hemi great grand papa blong hem, hemi bin maretem Leinoai mo tufalla igat: Marikie, Mangawai, Toutarup mo Kalmala.
Mangawai ibin maretem Leaismanu mo tufala igat Jimmy Kaltenik Karongona Mangawai mo Kalsuaki Mangawai.
Jimmy Kaltenik Karongona Mangawi imaretem Lilian Kaltaki mo tufala igat eleven Pikinini; olketa ia igat Toufau, Tounapanga, Tourimanu, Mangawai, Leisale Kalbovi, Leiribu, Leinao, Mickael, Tuktukmanu mo Leiruru.

Hemi continue blong tok about perpetual raet blong ownem graon through Bladlaen mo olketa names blong olketa oldfalla we ipass on long olketa descendants blong olketa tudei.

Taem hemi answerem olketa cross-examinations hemi talem se:

- Nareo Langolle hemi saenem plante lease, even igo kasem Eratap. Olketa famli blong Langolle oli fight from interest blong olketa over long land ia since 1970 finis mo continue kasem tudei.

- Hemi no base long deed of sale be deed of sale hemi evidence se Langolle hemi exist mo hemi witnessem wan sale blong land.

- Hemi showem wan note we papa blong Henden Kalsakau ipresen long Amelia Nareo olsem Christmas present we writem olsem:

"To Amelia Narewo,

Katatara Marae

NATOIKA WORAULOA....

December 2001"

- Baondri blong hem istap long Jety blong Erakor Resort igo long nabanga tri ontop long hill. Followem subdivision igo daon long wan stone long Etumo drop igo daon.

- Oli klem through long bladlaen blong Nagole/Langole. Hemi no think se trifalla oldfalla we oli salem kraon oli related long each other; mo hemi no sure se oli salem land ia long wanem basis.

- Papa blong Langolle hemi Manarewo.

- Nareo Langole hemi reign long 1870-1888. Boy blong hem Tawara (Jif Taripakoa) hemi reign long 1888 kasem 1908. Tarimata Kalsakau long 1908 kasem 1950. Graham Kalsakau 1950 go kasem 1990. Mantoi Kalsakau III 1991 kasem tudei.

- Hemi no klem Naflac be hemi klem Bladlaen taetel blong "Nareo"

- Hemi no save kastom meaning blong Filmahl, Sullage mo Elapa

- Hemi no save se Lagolle hemi which naflac be witness ia hemi naflac "wit". Hemi talem se igat wan "Nareo" nomo long Ifira; hemia hemi Kaltagele Saurei. Hemi producim some picture blong Kaltagele Saurei be hemi no specifaem se oli tekem photos ia long wanem year?

Taem Able Naar ikwestenem hem; hemi talem se Nareo Langole hemi name blong wan person. Nareo hemi famli name;

Taem Kalomtak iaskem long hem sapos hemi blong Rangorango, hemi talem: no, Nareo hemi blong Ifira.

Mr. KALPUKAI EDDY, tekem oath mo talem se:

Hemi klem under long Matrilaenal system blong great grand mama blong hem we hemi related long Nareo. Hemi descendant blong Nareo langolle through long Makie we hemi mama blong grand mama blong witness ia, Fani. Hemi go on blong tok about perpetual raets blong ownem kraon. Manae Saurei hemi papa blong mama blong witness ia.

Long cross examination hem talem se:

Hemi no related igo long Pango.
But afta further cross examination hemi just talem se hemi related igo long Pango through long man. hemi no agri se Nareo hemi meanim smol nabanga.

Orijinol klemant hemi putum long hem se olketa oli kamaot long Leimal we hemi pikinini girl blong Toutkor. olketa everyone blong Ifira oli klem under long Naflac wit blong woman Pango.

Hemi give up long kwestens we oli related long Kastom mo hemi talem se hemi no save kastom.

Nareo hemi gat 7 nasaras, last nasara hemi stap long Ifira. Hemi go back mo ded long Faleo.

MR. SONGO NAPAKAURANA, witness hemi tekem oath mo talem se:

Hemi supportem klem from hemi believe se land ia hemi blong ansestas blong hem Nareo Lagolle. Hemi kamaot long Makie we hemi great grand mama blong hem we hemi maretem Peter Meneai mo karem mama blong hem mo 2 more brothers.

Long cross examination hemi talem long Orijinol klemant se:

- Olgeta ansestas blong olketa oli kam from bush wetem olketa Maau blong olkta mo oli fightem tribal war as oli stap muve igo long Ifira.

MR. KALPOVI MANGAWAI, tekem oath mo hemi talem se:

Hemi employed long Ifira trustee, hemi gat 53 years of age. Hemi related long Pango through long Lillian we hemi girl blong Leiri.
Taem blong cross examination; Orijinol klemant iputum long hem se great great grand mama blong hem hemi Leimal-but klemant hemi refuse blong comment long saed blong Leimal.

Hemi talem se Mangawai hemi wan Maau pikinini blong Jif. Mangawai hemi waria blong Jif. Hemi no save Munuwei blong Jif. Jif Nareo hemi gat 7 nasaras start long Rangorango kasem Eleo.

Hemi talem se oli berem Nareo long Falea from igat wan hospital istap long Falea bifo.

Hemi admittim se same Nareo ia hemi salem Marope too, afta hemi come long Malapoa mo taem hemi stap muve ikam, hemi stap salem Nasara blong hem. Each time we hemi salem wan Nasara blong hem, hemi muvum people blong hem igo long wan niu site blong establishem bakeken wan niu nasara kasem taem hemi kasem disputed land ia. For example hemi salem Marope afta hemi muve igo long Manples, afta istap muve ikam kasem disputed area ia.

Contrary long every narafala kaonta klemants hemi talem se Taripakoa hemi pikinini blong Nareo, be hemi no brother blong Leising.

Hemi talem se taetel blong Nareo Langole hemi Marik Atlang. Hemi talem se hemi no save meanin blong Nareo. Olketa kaonta klemants blong Pango oli agri se Nareo hemi meanim smol nabaga tri. Nagolle/Lagonle ibeen stap long Nagire taem hemi salem Efilmahl.

Taem hemi stap answerem kwesten blong Wimak hemi talem se Pango people oli stap long Pango Point. Oli just kam long Eurakot long 1870. Taem Christianity ikam insaed long country; olketa kastom oli change, olketa Jif oli lusum control over land mo olketa Europeen oli start blong pem land. Hemia now imekem se olketa kastom owners oli stap salem land long 1881-1882.

Nareo hemi ded 6 years afta we hemi salem land ia. Hemi salem plante land; even igo kasem Teouma. Deed of sale ia hemi sign long name blong Langole nomo, ino gat Nareo. Nareo hemi gat 7 Nasaras, biggest blong olketa nasaras ia hemi Malpakoa mo Emaululep.

Analyses:

Kaonta Kleman ia hemi kam wetem wan niu stori blong Lagonle. Lagonle long istri blong klemant ia hemi Nareo mo hemi pikinini boy blong Manarewo; too hemi wan paramount Jif taetel blong hem hemi Marikatlang.

Hemi klem ex taetel 224. Long olketa map blong hem, hemi showem olketa 7 nasaras blong Nareo Lagonle; hemi showem se hemi out long Erangorango hemi stap salem nasara blong hem go kasem Nagire. Nasara blong hem long Nagire hemi "Warnagire".
Hemia hemi wan niu histori too long area blong disputed land ia.

Findings:

Plante long olketa evidences blong hem oli no been properly tested from any kam join late tumas, mo plante taem hemi no cross-examine.

Kot luk olsem kaonta kleman hemi gat confusion wetem 2 man: Lagolle mo Nareo. Igat wan evidence long pleadings blong hem we ishowem se igat wan Jif Nareo hemi go witness long wan sale blong kraon long Teouma. Long taem ia CALAMATE Jif blong Aroutap (Eratap) hemi salem land long Teouma long Rodin. Jif Nareo mo smol Jif Marmara tufalla iwitnessem sale ia.

Ino gat enough evidence blong supportem statement ia se "Nareo" mo "Lagolle" hemi wan sem person nomo mo hemi wan Jif. Long deed of sale blong land long disputed area, man we hemi salem mo saenem paper hemi "Lagonle" ino gat name "Nareo" ikamaot long hem. Too long deed of sale blong Teouma "Jif Nareo" hemi sign be ino gat lagolle.

FINDINGS MO DEKLERESEN BLONG KASTOM ANCESTRAL BAONDRI:

Afta we kot considerem every evidences blong orijinol mo every kaonta klemants long kes ia, kot findem se igat 3 bigfalla kastom lands mo 2 overlaps insaed long dispute ia:

- ETEFKAU/EWORNAGIR (see map, color brown

- EURAKOT-ELEO (see map, color pink);

- ETOMOU (see map, color Blue); mo 2 overlaps:

- smol part blong EPANG-TUE (see map, color green); mo

Overlap blong Tefkau/Ewornagir istart long ENVET followm solwota ikam kasem origin Gas, cross road iko long Punjas wharehouse ikam antap long Nabanga tree klosap haos blong Patt Bochenski I followm cliff tuwods haos blong Thessa Fowler icrossem igo antop long Efare Baikor (digicel tower) folloem line blong cliff blong Eleo Erasa igo kasem corner blong road long Elluk hil, igo down long cement wall blong "Le Lagon" long pless blong Plesaur/Pleibong. Original klemant hemi putum se EMETPER, long map blong hem.

Kastom ancestral baondri blong ELEO-EURAKOT, Hemi start long original gas followem solwota ikam tuwads Nabanga long Star Wharf itekem istret igo tuwods ol series blong cliff kasem antap long water tank, pass behind long narafala cliff bitim Lakowale igo toward E-Tukor, long Epang-Twei side.
Istart bakeken long E-Tukor ifollowem solwota ikam back pass long Emis point includim Eslaorsfir, Eselpako, Elkao, Esnar, Eparas, Eluk bitim "Le Lagon Hotel" kasem EMETPER (Plesaur/Plebong)
Iron parallel nomo wetem baondri blong Etefkau/Ewornagir long Emetper iko antap long Elluk hill road, first corner mo followem igo back towards Erfale Baikor igo down kolosap haus blong Fowler iko long klosap haus blong Bochenski mo down long Origin Gas.

Kastom ancestral baondri blong ETTOOMOO, hemi istart long Nabanga before start warf, iron parallel wetem baondri blong Eurakot/Eleo passem Loukwale igo down coast followem ol cliff pass behind Pango village igo long E-Tukor.
Stat long E-Tukor hemi followem narafalla series blong kliff pass Mumu mo Kotkot ikasem Dream Cove, followem solwota pass hill blong Etumou wetem point blong Worauloa follem solwota passem main wharf ikam back kasem Nabanga tri long star wharf.

Overlap blong Epangtwuei istart long end blong Dream Cove ikam kasem Efarfer, krossem bush ikam long E-tukor, mo followem series blong kliff igo back down kasem end blong Dream Cove.

DEKLERESEN BLONG OWNERSHIP:

1. Original klemen:
   

- Land ELEO-EURAKOT we istap long ping color long map, hemi blong orijinol klemant mo descendant blong Kalpram Cooke Manseiman we oli kamaot long Munuwei Kalotukor.

- Insaed long land ia igat kastom alienator we yumi save kolem olketa "Perpetual owners" or "land owners". Oli gat some interest over long lands ia followem some past immemorial kastom arrangement.

2. Famili Kalpram Tuekot:
   

• Matulep Serah hemi "only" heir blong Kalpram Tuekot;
  
• Followem EXCEPTION LONG GENERAL RULE BLONG PATRILINAL KASTOM BLADLAEN - MATULEP SERAH hemi must tekem raet blong papa blong hem.
  
• Land ia hemi land we Kalpram Tuekot iwork long hem around 1909 long Pango taem Serah hemi born. Hemi should be around Ekpeliu Emakur. Hemi within land "Etu Maau" or "Etoomou" (see map color blue).
  
• Bigger baondri blong Pango istap under long control mo management blong taetel we last kastom jif Kalpram (Fus) Tuekot iholem istap;
  

3. Family Kalotiti Kaltapeng:

1. Kalotiti Kaltapeng mo olketa descendants blong Leisal oli stap work long land ia long taem finish. Oli gat raet blong continu work long hem. Olsem descendant blong Leisal mo longfalla time ia hemi kwalifaem olketa olsem ol perpetual owners blong land ia. Everyone oli stap under long Kalpram Tuekot olsem jif blong olketa.
   
2. Right ia hemi limited long occupation mo use blong land;
   
3. Any commercial dealings hemi subject long negociation wetem olketa brother blong Leisal.
   
4. Afta restoresen blong Paramount Jif, oli must meet blong lukluk long baondri blong Leisal long insaed long Etu-Maau land (color blue) blong family ia hemi maintenem raet blong hem over long land we hemi stap work long hem long taem ikam kasem tudei.
   
5. Famili Kalpoi Kalontan:
   

Evidence we hemi produsim long kot ia ino meetim standard blong probability blong deklerem se FAMILI KALPOI KALONTAN hemi kastom land ona blong land we hemi markem long baondri blong hem.

But any dealings over long any kastom lands blong Kalpoi Kalontan, oli must sharem wetem Descendants blong Daniel Kalpoi (Sakla) we hemi first born blong olketa.

6. Famili Marik Kalontan:

Evidence we hemi produsim long kot ia ino meetim standard blong probability blong deklerem se FAMILY MARIK KALONTAN hemi kastom land ona blong land we hemi markem long baondri blong hem.

Any dealings over long any kastom lands blong Kalpoi; Daniel olsem first born hemi must sharem wetem Descendants blong Kalpoi Kalontan.

Kraon we oli stap long hem tudei, hemi stap long baondri blong Etefkau/Ewornagire, oli must negociatem right wetem Jif blong Etefkau/Ewornagire blong oli continue blong occupaem;

7. Famili Able Naar & Descendants:

Hemi claimem big falla baondri olsem orijinol kleman. Kot iluk se disputed baondri tufalla ioverlape. Overlae land ia, Kot ideklarem igo long Able Naar from map blong hem ikavremup overlap ia bitwin Epangtuei mo Etu Maau long Efalfal (see map green color).

Able Naar hemi first born blong olketa pikinini blong Kalontan. Long case ia any kastom land raet blong Kalontan imust includim view blong first-born blong Kalontan we hemi ol descendants blong Kalontan we hemi Able Naar.

8. Famili John Kalomtak

Oli givim lands olsem "Pumas", long Toupong Wiwi. Long Kastom oli no save tekem back "pumas". Followem "pumas". land ia hemi igo long bladlaen descendant blong John Kalomtak wetem Toupong Wiwi.

John Kalwat hemi kastom owner blong land we istart:

- Daon long solwota stret long Keltao igo kasem Emetper (Plesaur/Plebong);

- Ontop long second klif, iron ifollowem ridge blong second plateau (foot blong hill blong Amalfi kot) go back daon long Keltao. Hemia hemi kraon we pupu blong hem John Kalomtak isalem long de Baros.

9. Famili Wimak

1. Kalmet (spokesman blong Wimak) hemi talem se hemi defendem interest blong ol man Erakor. Plante witnesses blong other parties oli givim evidence blong talem se Land blong Pango hemi overlap wetem Erakor. Loa italem se Island court hemi no applaem strict rule, be hemi must mekem decision upon every information we hemi receivim.

2. Base long plante evidence we Kalmet hemi prodiusim, Kot ideklerem se land ia Etefkau/Ewornagir igo long descendants blong jifly laen blong Erakor.

10. Matarau Tekefeke:

1. Land hemi stap under long Jurisdiction blong chief blong Eleo-Eurakot. Followem relationship blong olketa wetem Touskar we oli descendant blong Munuwei Kalpram Marpit; oli perpetual owners blong Title 3190 mo 3191.
   
2. Perpetual rights ia oli limited long occupation mo cultivation blong land. Oli must performem kastom rekonsiliesen wetem chief blong Eleo-Eurakot mo descendants blong brothers blong Touskar before oli save mekem any commercial dealings over long lands ia.
   

11. Mantoi Kalsakau III:

Oli perpetual owners blong Lands Efilmahl mo Part blong Maltaurik.

Perpetual rights ia oli limited long occupation mo cultivation blong lands. Oli must performem kastom rekonsiliesen wetem chief blong Eleo/Eurakot mo Ettoomoo mo descendants blong brothers blong Toulik before oli save mekem any commercial dealings over long lands ia.

12. Famili Henden Kalsakau:

1. Singari hemi wan title blong wan smol jif blong klan blong Touskar.
   
2. Title ia hemi no gat any linkage wetem disputed area;
   
3. However hemi olsem descendant blong Leising hemi must negociatem right blong hem wetem chief blong Ifira we oli perpetual owners long Maltauriki.
   

13. Famili Bakokoto & Descendants:

1. Klem blong hem under Jif Bakokoto olsem kastom owna hemi no succeed.
   
2. However kleman ia wetem olketa famili blong hem, oli must negociatem right blong olketa wetem chief blong Ifira we oli perpetual owners long Maltauriki.
   
14. Famili Russel Bakokoto:
    
    1. Pastor Russel Bakokoto hemi holem perpetual onaship over Ettoomou I Etoomoo II. Raet blong hem istap nomo long olketa land we oli gat lease taetel long hem finish. Olketa land oli "pumas" igo long Kaltanatk mo ol authorities long taem ia oli legalisem.
       
    2. Kastom ona blong Ettoomou I & II ino save sakem out famli blong Fred Kaltanak Bakokoto we oli developem mor work long lands ia since 1912 kasem tudei; However oli stap under jurisdiction blong kastom Jif blong ETTOOMOO.
       
    3. Oli must mekem kastom rekonsiliesen wetem chief mo olketa brothers blong Leimut.
       

12. Famili Nareo Langolle:

1. Lagolle mo Nareo hemi tu different person.
   
2. Klem blong hem under Jif Nareo Lagolle olsem kastom owna hemi no succeed.
   

General Orders:

1. For better management blong lands olketa descendants blong Kalpram Tuekot mo Kalwatman oli should negociate blong restorem taetel blong jif blong olketa we isilip istap kasem tudei.
   
2. Olketa declared kastom owners oli no save putum out anyone we hemi occupaem lands ia longtaem finis;
   
3. Oli must negociatem lease wetem olketa longtaem occupiers.
   
4. Anyone we hemi think se Kot hemi mekem any mistake long loa insaed long decision ia hemi gat right blong mekem appeal insaed long 30 days.
   

Port Vila, this 31 March 2009

Senior Magistrate Rita Bill Naviti
Justice/Chief Meameadola Jimmy
Justice/Chief Marangoe
Justice/Chief Eddy Karis

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