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Tonga Law Reports - [2000] Tonga LR - Subject Index

TONGA LAW REPORTS

2000

 

EDITOR:

Ms Janine Ford LLB

A publication of the Ministry of Justice,
Nuku'alofa, Kingdom of Tonga

INDEX OF SUBJECT MATTER	PAGE
BIRTHS, DEATHS, AND MARRIAGES
Application for registration of birth in Tongan Register — not Tongan parentage — not allowed     Jones, Re Application by (SC)	276
CHEQUES
Liability of bank for failing to inform customer promptly of dishonour — damages     Bank of Tonga v Shell Company (Pacific Islands) Ltd (CA)	329
CHURCH CONSTITUTION
Conduct of worshippers — court would never rule on purely spiritual matters     Saafi v Veikoso (SC)	83
Trustees acted outside their power — liable     Saafi v Veikoso (SC)	83
COMPANY LAW
Company failed to follow Act — ordered for company to rectify the share register     Laidlaw Holdings Ltd v Maxam Gold Bank Ltd (SC)	125
No legal ownership until registration — equitable interest     Maxam Gold Bank Ltd v Laidlaw Holdings Ltd (No 2) (CA)	131
CONTEMPT OF COURT
Fine should reflect culpability and seriousness     Attorney General v Ulakai (SC)	10
Real risk of undermining public confidence in the administration of justice     Attorney General v Namoa (SC)	59
Scandalising the court — freedom of speech no relevant application     Namoa v Attorney-General (CA)	70
CONTRACT
Proof of agreement — balance of probabilities     Allied Foods Co Ltd v Moa (SC)	279
COSTS
Awarded to and from litigants — not for barrister to claim     Wilson v Attorney General of Tonga (SC)	1
Crown liability — incompetence     R v Puloka (CA)	335
Determination of proportionate liabilities     'Ameleki v Nai (No 2) (LC)	258
Dismissed charges — costs not awarded against Crown     R v Tonga (SC)	40
Factors in assessment of quantum     'Ameleki v Nai (No 2) (LC)	258
Not regarded as penalty     Attorney General v Ulakai (SC)	10
Solicitor and client basis —exceptional case     Fonua v MBf Bank Ltd (CA)	319
Taxation of costs — defendant was allowed costs of taxation process     Polynesian Airlines v Kingdom of Tonga (SC)	145
Taxation of costs — scale charges may be exceeded     Polynesian Airlines v Kingdom of Tonga (SC)	145
CREDITORS' REMEDIES
Bailiffs — duties do not extend to seizure of company shares     Pozzati v Fumera (SC)	408
Liability for costs of bailiff — execution creditor personally liable     Valikoula v Toa (SC)	397
Payment for clear debt — interest ordered     Allied Foods Co Ltd v Moa (SC)	279
Writ of distress — ranked according to time of delivery of original     Pozzati v Fumera (SC)	408
CRIMINAL LAW
Appeal against sentence — armed robbery — leave to appeal not granted     Fifita v R (CA)	289
Assault — proof of participation     R v Angitoa (SC)	352
Contempt of court — real risk of undermining public confidence in the administration of justice — scandalising the court     Attorney General v Namoa (SC)     Namoa v Attorney-General (CA)	59 70
Defamation of the King — conviction upheld     Pulu v R (CA)	293
Forgery — needed original documents for proof     R v Manu (SC)	386
Fraudulent conversion as a Government servant — abuse of trust     R v Pongi (SC)	366
CRIMINAL LAW
Appeal against sentence — armed robbery — leave to appeal not granted     Fifita v R (CA)	289
Assault — proof of participation     R v Angitoa (SC)	352
Contempt of court — real risk of undermining public confidence in the administration of justice — scandalising the court     Attorney General v Namoa (SC)     Namoa v Attorney-General (CA)	59 70
Defamation of the King — conviction upheld     Pulu v R (CA)	293
Forgery — needed original documents for proof     R v Manu (SC)	386
Fraudulent conversion as a Government servant — abuse of trust     R v Pongi (SC)	366
Indecent assault — needs only basic intent — intoxication no defence     R v Toma (SC)	400
Manslaughter by negligence — suspended sentence was inadequate     R v Tofavaha (CA)	316
Rape — conflicting evidence — complainant lied — acquitted     R v Tau'aika (SC)	423
Sentence — whether sentencing provisions are retrospective     R v Fakauho (SC)	50
Suspended sentence was inadequate — sexual offence     R v Motulalo (CA)	311
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
Admissibility of statements     R v Angitoa (SC)	352
Admissibility of statements — improper advice of accused's rights from police     R v Matangi (SC)	372
Application for committal — no application to charge that crimes were committed — struck out     Finau (Deceased), Re Sela Moimoi (SC)	13
Change of plea — not allowed     Vaiangina v Police (SC)	360
Fresh evidence available — retrial ordered     Tukuafu v Police (SC)	404
Indictment not bad for duplicity — single criminal enterprise     Misinale v R (CA)	322
Leave to appeal out of time — not granted     Misinale v R (CA)	322
Right of appeal from Court of Inquiry — no right     Tapueluelu v Police (SC)	383
Sentence — imprisonment should be used in default of payment rather than as substitute     Vaiangina v Police (SC)	360
DAMAGES
Damages at large — not limited to specific pecuniary loss     Havea v Kingdom of Tonga (SC)	31
Loss of profit claimed — needed proof     'Epenisa v Tonga Development Bank (SC)	231
Trespass by pigs — damages reduced where crop owner failed to fence     Toafa v Talisi (SC)	53
Unlawful assault and imprisonment by police officer — exemplary damages allowed     Lavaka v Ministry of Police (SC)     Tonga v Ministry of Police (SC)	17 111
DEFAMATION
Application to strike out defence — court ordered defence be amended — application refused     Edwards v Pohiva (SC)	3
Damages — limited to action pleaded — reduced     Lasalosi v Hausia (SC)	415
DISCOVERY
Documents sought were claimed to be confidential and not relevant — court directed supervised access     Maxam Gold Bank Ltd v Laidlaw Holdings Ltd (CA)	128
DISSOLUTION OF MARRIAGE
Petition for divorce — claim of unreasonable conduct — not proved     Litili v Fifita (SC)	285
EMPLOYMENT LAW
Dismissal — natural justice principles to be observed     'Akau'ola v Tonga Telecommunications Commission (SC)	263
Suspension — no express power — decision reasonable     Helu v Koloa (CA)	299
Wrongful dismissal — probationary employment contract —reasonable conduct still required     Helu v Koloa (CA)	299
Wrongful dismissal — reasonable cause     Vaioleti v Tonga Development Bank (SC)	271
EQUITY
Equitable licence — no evidence of representation or acquiescence by defendant     Taumoepeau v Taumoepeau (LC)	236
Prior equitable interest existed — no summary relief could be granted     Maxam Gold Bank Ltd v Laidlaw Holdings Ltd (No 2) (CA)	131
FAMILY AND DOMESTIC RELATIONSHIPS
Access arrangements — court ordered reasonable access to father     Paunga v Paunga (SC)	42
Maintenance — evidence of means not heard — new trial ordered     Vaotangi v Vaotangi (SC)	434
Maintenance — no past maintenance     Paunga v Paunga (SC)	42
INCOME TAX
Notice of assessment — should contain time within which to object     Commissioner of Inland Revenue v National Pacific Insurance (SC)	392
INSURANCE LAW
Balance of probabilities — reckless, dangerous driving — insurers not liable     To'a v National Pacific Insurance (SC)	357
Plaintiff relied on assurance from officer that he was covered — claim not paid     'Epenisa v Tonga Development Bank (SC)	231
INTERIM INJUNCTION
To prevent burial in particular site — issue should be resolved by Tongan negotiation     Tonga, Re Application by (LC)	143
LAND LAW
Equitable licence — no evidence of representation or acquiescence by defendant     Taumoepeau v Taumoepeau (LC)	236
Eviction orders — appeal against     Fasi v Fifita (CA)	307
Failure to consult — did not make registration invalid     'Ameleki v Nai (LC)	247
Later registration ordered to be set aside in favour of earlier one — equitable considerations     'Ameleki v Nai (LC)	247
Preservation of land — estate holder's duty     His Royal Highness Prince Lavaka v Tafolo (LC)	363
Royal Family Estate — sub-lease — whether Cabinet consent required — challenge to validity by non-party — burden of proof     Fund Management Ltd v Fifita (No 2) (LC)	342
Vacant possession sought — defendant had no right to be there or to harvest the crops     HRH Prince Tu'ipelehake v Lavulavu (LC)	242
MAGISTRATES
Clerks — review appointment of clerks in Magistrates' Court — held to comply with legislation     Taufa v Police Department (SC)	121
MISREPRESENTATION
Nike jeans — reasonable examination would have shown they were not Nike     Tuaimei'uta v Prema (SC)	378
NEGLIGENCE
Duty of care — reasonable standard —respondent not shown to fall below the standard required     Polynesian Airlines (Investments) Ltd v Kingdom of Tonga (CA)	168
PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE
Amendment of particulars during trial — allowed     Pulu v R (CA)	293
Application for 'unless' order to be brought into effect — set aside     Moore Electronic Company Ltd v National Pacific Insurance Company Ltd (SC)	6
Application to strike out defence — court ordered defence be amended — application refused     Edwards v Pohiva (SC)	3
Challenge to accuracy of court record — needs affidavit evidence — challenge failed     Vaotangi v Vaotangi (SC)	434
Costs — against the Crown for acquittal— declined     R v Tonga (SC)	40
Costs — Crown liability — incompetence     R v Puloka (CA)	335
Costs — determination of proportionate liabilities     'Ameleki v Nai (No 2) (LC)	258
Costs — factors in assessment of quantum     'Ameleki v Nai (No 2) (LC)	258
Costs — not regarded as penalty     Attorney General v Ulakai (SC)	10
Costs — solicitor and client basis —exceptional case     Fonua v MBf Bank Ltd (CA)	319
Costs — taxation of — defendant was allowed costs of taxation process     Polynesian Airlines v Kingdom of Tonga (SC)	145
Costs — taxation of — scale charges may be exceeded     Polynesian Airlines v Kingdom of Tonga (SC)	145
Inadequate answers to interrogatories — if plaintiff did not answer adequately action would be struck out     Moore Electronic Company Ltd v National Pacific Insurance Company Ltd (SC)	6
Injunction — high risk of injustice — refused     Fund Management Ltd v Fifita (LC)	339
Interim injunction — no writ filed and no undertaking as to damages — court refused     Tonga, Re Application by (LC)	143
Leave to appeal — filed out of time     R v Puloka (CA)	335
Leave to appeal out of time — granted     Fasi v Fifita (CA)	307
Leave to commence action out of time — legislation clear so refused     His Royal Highness Prince Lavaka v Tafolo (LC)	363
Magistrate's signature on summons is purely administrative — not a conflict     Taufa v Police Department (SC)	121
Preliminary questions — not appropriate     Tu'i'onetoa v Pohiva (SC)	337
Setting aside interim order — damages would be sufficient remedy — order set aside     Pacific Vendors Ltd v United States of America (SC)	27
Strike out application — cause of action disclosed — application refused     Ika v Tuli (SC)	375
Summons need not contain precise date    Taufa v Police Department (SC)	121
'Unless' order not complied with — not extended     Fonua v Yeoh (SC)	437
SENTENCING
Imprisonment should be used in default of payment rather than as substitute     Vaiangina v Police (SC)	360
Suspended sentence inadequate — manslaughter by negligence     R v Tofavaha (CA)	316
Suspended sentence inadequate — sexual offence     R v Motulalo (CA)	311
Suspended sentence triggered     Fifita v R (CA)	289
Whether sentencing provisions are retrospective     R v Fakauho (SC)	50
TORT
Defamation — can be publication to one person only     Lasalosi v Hausia (SC)	415
Trespass by pigs — owner liable for damage to crops     Toafa v Talisi (SC)	53
Trespass to land — unlawful conversion — damages     Havea v Kingdom of Tonga (SC)	31
Unlawful imprisonment and assault by police — vicarious liability — damages     Lavaka v Ministry of Police (SC)     Tonga v Ministry of Police (SC)	17 111