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Tonga Law Reports - [1991] Tonga LR - Subject Index |
TONGA LAW REPORTS
1991
Editors:
Hon. Mr Justice Nigel Hampton O.B.E.
(Chief Justice of Tonga)A publication of the Ministry of Justice
Nuku’alofa, Tonga
INDEX OF SUBJECT MATTER
PAGE
ADOPTION
Separated adoptive parents – competing claims for custody
57
ASSAULT
Damages – exemplary – Police Officers
22
CHILDREN
Custody – paramountcy of their welfare – general principles
4
57
CONSTITUTION
Duty to put defence not pleaded
35
CONTRACT
Equitable mortgage or equitable charge – rights to enforce
39
Extrinsic evidence – receivable
8
Fraud – voidable – rescission
17
Oral agreement – evidence
60
COSTS
Taxation – principles
1
Discretion – no award
8
Reliance on per incuriam judgment
12
CRIMINAL LAW
Causing grievous harm – mens rea-states of knowledge & mind
28
Causing grievous harm – defence of another
69
Inferences – proper basis for drawing
28
Manslaughter by negligence – duty of care must exist
46
Sentence
46
55
53
51
Standard of Proof – how to direct joy
28
Theft as servant – breach of trust – repeated offending
55
CUSTODY OF CHILDREN
Basic Principles – paramount consideration welfare of child
4
57
Guiding Principle on charge of country of residence
4
DAMAGES
Adultery – principles for assessment
19
Assault by employee in course of employment
25
Chattels – breach of warranty
63
Economic loss – severe injuries
35
Exemplary – Police Officers – assault
22
Quantum – higher than appellate judges would have awarded – when set aside
25
Special damages – distress
63
DIVORCE
Damages for adultery – compensation not punishment
19
EMPLOYMENT
Liability of employer for assault of employee – scope of authority
25
Never commenced – no breach of contract
8
ENFORCEMENT
Distress when goods subject to equitable charge
39
EVIDENCE
Civil proceedings – use in criminal proceedings
69
Confession discretion to admit
46
Unfairness – lack of objection
28
Extrinsic evidence of contract
8
JUDGMENT
Enforcement by distress – goods subject to equitable charge
39
LAND
Registration – principles for Minister to exercise in his wide discretion – residency
32
MANSLAUGHTER
Negligence – duty of care must exist
46
PRACTICE PROCEDURE
Taxation of costs
1
Appeal – argument not pleaded in lower Court
35
REGISTRATION OF LAND
Applicant not resident on estate or in Tonga – effect of
32
RESTITUTION
Unfair advantage
12
SALE OF GOODS
Breach of warranty & damages
63
SENTENCE
First offender – repeat offender
53
Housebreaking
51
Infanticide & concealing birth
46
Manslaughter – secondary offender
46
Theft as a servant – first offender but repeat offending
55
TORT
Assault – damages – exemplary – police
22
Negligence – contributory – damages
35
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