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Qurusu v Sogavare [1999] SBHC 95; HC-CC 190 of 1997 (24 September 1999)

HIGH COURT OF SOLOMON ISLANDS

Civil Case No. 190 of 1997

clas class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align: center; margin-top: 1; margin-bottom: 1"> ALLAN QURUSU

lass="MsoNormal" align="cen="center" style="text-align: center; margin-top: 1; margin-bottom: 1">

v

MANASEH SOGAVARE

High Court of Solomon Islands n>

Before: KABUI, J

Civil Case No. 190 of 1997

Hearing: 8th September, 1999

Judgment: 24th September, 1999

A. Nori for the Petitioner

Mrs L. Tepai for the 1st Respondent

Mrs. J. Gordon for the 2nd Respondent

JUDGMENT

clas class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 1; margin-bottom: 1"> (F.O. Kabui, J):T is an interesting ting application. This is how it started. The main case is an Election Petition filed by the Petitioner on 15th August, 1997 later amended on 22nd October, 1997. It had taken apparently too long for the hearing of the Petition as amended to come to trial. On the 9th July 1999, I adjourned the hearing of the Petition and ordered that the Petitioner set a hearing date for the Petition within 14 days or else the Petition would be struck out automatically. This was a self-executing order. On 23rd July, 1999, a summons was signed by Bridge Lawyers and filed in the High Court. There was no filing date on this summons but the hearing date for the Summons was stated as Tuesday 3rd August 1999 at 9:30 am”. When the application came up before me on that date, Mrs. Tepai who is the solicitor on record for the First Respondent was not present in Court nor the lawyer for the Second Respondent. Mr. Nori for the Petitioner explained to me that Mrs. Tepai had been served together with the supporting affidavit to Mr. Nori’s application. Mr. Nori undertook to file the affidavit of service. The affidavit of service was filed in the afternoon of that same day. It was sworn by Mr. Misi that same day. Paragraph 2 of that affidavit confirms that the affidavit was served on the solicitors for the 1st Respondent and the 2nd Respondent. The gist of Mr. Nori’s application by Summons was that due to misunderstanding between himself and the Registrar, no date had been set down for the hearing of the Petition within 14 days as ordered by me and that on that ground the self-executing order be varied. The details of the reasons for the alleged misunderstanding were set out in an affidavit sworn and filed by Mr. Nori on 2nd August 1999. On the basis of this, I extended the self-executing order on the same terms as before. By a Summons signed by Motis Pacific Lawyers on 13th August, 1999, the 1st Respondent now seeks to set aside my extension order made on 3rd August, 1999 on the ground set out in the affidavit filed by Mrs. Tepai on 9th August, 1999. The ground alleged by the First Respondent as a reason for setting aside the extension order I made on the 3rd August, 1999 was “non-service” of the Summons dated 23rd July, 1999 filed by Mr. Nori to vary the extension order I made on 3rd August, 1999 above.

The Procedure for Service

class="MsoNormal" style="mle="margin-top: 1; margin-bottom: 1"> Trvice of summons is regulated by Order 9, rule 14 of the High Court (Civil Procedrocedure) Rules 1964, (the High Court Rules). Order 9, rule 14 above are in these terms:-

“(1) Service notice, summons, order or other document, shall hall wherever it is practicable, be effected personally on the person to be served and service thereof shall be completely effected by the delivery of a duplicate or attested copy of any such notice, summons, order or document without the exhibition of any original.

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Provided that where service as aforesaid cannot be effected the provisions of Rule 2 of this Order as to substituted service shall, mutatis mutandis, apply.

(2) Service on the advocate or recognised aof the person to be served rved shall be deemed to be effective service on such person.”

The aation of this Order was discussed in the case of Leslie Allison v Monique Medl Medlin (Civil Appeal No. 7 of 1996) (unreported). Kapi, A/P was the dissenting voice on the issue of effective service whilst the majority were simply silent on the issue. It would appear from the judgment of the Court of Appeal that deciding whether or not effective service has taken place in any particular case is a question of fact to be decided by the judge.

Was there proper service in this case

In this case, Mrs. Tepai is the solicitor on record for the 1st Respondspondent so that rule 14(2) of Order 9 above would apply. That is to say, service would have been effected on Mrs. Tepai personally to be regarded as effective service on her. In her affidavit filed on 9th September, 1999, she painted the picture that she was always available in her office and could have been easily served with the Summons. However, she says she was not served and that was why she was not able to attend Court on 3rd August, 1999. She says the fact that Mr. Nori had told me that she had been duly served was incorrect. Not only that, it would have also caused me to form a negative impression on her as the solicitor on the record for the 1st Respondent. Mrs. Tepai was also supported by Mrs Gordon who is the solicitor on record for the Returning Officer, the 2nd Respondent. She says she too was not served with the Summons. As against this was the affidavit of service filed by Mr. Misi dated 3rd August, 1999 at 14:20 hours after the Court hearing. This was done as an undertaking by Mr. Nori to prove that there had been proper service on Mrs. Tepai. The proper thing to do was for me to have adjourned the hearing until the affidavit of service had been filed by the person who effected service upon Mrs. Tepai. However, I believed Mr. Nori and did otherwise. Mr. Nori might have also believed Mr. Misi and told me what he believed to be the truth. That truth is now being disputed by Mrs. Tepai whose reputation is I have no reason to think otherwise but absolutely intact. There is also no evidence before me to doubt the truth or otherwise of Mr. Misi’s affidavit. It was a sworn affidavit supposedly representing the truth also. Who then is telling the truth? Certainly, someone is not telling the truth. I do not blame Mr. Nori nor Mrs. Tepai. However, both have not told me about the details of the procedure if any, employed in their respective offices for effecting service or on receipt of service documents so as to be clear about where possible breakdown of communication links might occur. Be that as it may, the fact is that Mrs. Tepai was not aware of the hearing date, 3rd August 1999, and time, 9:30 am. That information could only be discovered if Mrs. Tepai was in possession of a copy of the Summons issued by Mr. Nori. She was therefore denied the opportunity to represent and speak for her client before me on 3rd August, 1999. I believe Mrs. Tepai when she said that she was not in possession of copy of the Summons before the returnable date specified in the Summons filed by Mr. Nori. I think there was lack of proper service in this case. There is another matter of concern. In paragraph 13 of Mrs Tepai’s affidavit she took issue on the fact that the Summons in the High Court Registry was an unfilled copy of the Summons. This issue was not raised before me because Mrs. Tepai was not present as a result of not being aware of the hearing date and time. This was a direct result of not having been served with the Summons. In my view, that is not justice.

The Law

“1. Non-compliance with any of these Rules,ith any rule of practice foce for the time being in force, shall not render any proceedings void unless the Court shall so direct, but such proceedings may be set aside either wholly or in part as irregular, or amended, or otherwise dealt with in such manner and upon such terms as the Court shall think fit.

2……

3…...

4…..”

The equivalent of Order 69 was Order 70 of the Rulethe Supreme Court of Englanngland of 1883 and onwards. The application of Order 70 was discussed by the Court of Appeal in Craig v Kanseen [1943] 1 A.E.R. 108. The facts were that a receiving order was served on the appellant as a result of a Summons that had not been served on him. However, the order was drawn up after the production of an affidavit sworn by a clerk in the employment of the Plaintiffs solicitors who deposed that he had served the Defendant with a true copy of the Summons by posting it in a pre-paid envelop, addressed to the Defendant. However, that address was not the Defendant’s address stated in the action. The appellant then applied for an order to set aside the order against him on the ground that it was irregular. In delivering the judgment of the Court of Appeal, LORD GREENE, M, R. at pages 110-111, said,

“Therefore, t substantial question with which we have to deal is l is whether the order was a nullity. Before I go more closely into that matter, it is desirable to examine the distinction between proceedings or orders which are nullities and proceedings or orders in respect of which there has been nothing worse than an irregularity. No definition is to be found in the rules which draws a line between these two classes, and exactly where that line lies may not, in certain circumstances, be easy to discover. The existence of the distinction is however one which has been recognised in the language of many authorities.”

ass="Mss="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 1; margin-bottom: 1"> At page 113, LORD GREENE, M.R.

“Those cases appear to me to establish that an order which can properly be described as a nullity is something which the person affected by it is entitled ex debito justitae to have set aside. So far as the procedure for having it set aside is concerned, it seems to me that the court in its inherent jurisdiction can set aside its own order; and that an appeal from the order is not necessary. I say nothing on the question whether an appeal from the order, assuming that the appeal is made in proper time, would not be competent.

clas class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-top: 1; margin-bottom: 1"> The question we have to deal with is whethe admitted failure to serv serve the summons upon which the order in this case was based was a mere irregularity, or whether it was something worse, which would give the defendant the right to have the order set aside. In my opinion, it is beyond question that failure to serve process where service of process is required, is a failure which goes to the root of our conceptions of the proper procedure in litigation. Apart from proper ex parte proceedings, the idea that an order can validly be made against a man who has had no notification of any intention to apply for it is one which has never been adopted in England. To say that an order of that kind is to be treated as a mere irregularity, and not something which is affected by a fundamental vice, is an argument which, in my opinion, cannot be sustained” (Also see Re Pritchard (deceased) [1963] 1 AER. 873 and my judgment in Mill Ling Chan v The Premier of Malaita Province (Civil Case No. 159 of 98) (unreported).

Conclusion

The faf the above case are similar to the facts of this case. However, there is a diffedifference. In the above case, a copy of the summons was sent to the wrong address confirmed by the fact that the Defendant did not receive it for that reason. In this case, the affidavit filed by Mr. Misi confirmed on the face of it that service was effected upon the First and Second Respondent’s Solicitors. However, in my view, the affidavit of Mr. Misi was done in a hurried manner. This is obvious from its appearance. It said nothing about what documents were served and upon whom they were served. There is nothing in it to suggest that Mrs. Tepai and Mrs Gordon cannot possibly deny receiving copies of the Summons or at least being aware of them in their respective offices. As I have said, both Mrs. Tepai and Mrs Gordon have denied categorically that each of them had received or seen a copy of the Summons. The fact that each of them were not present at the hearing before me on 3rd August, 1999 confirms this fact. The faxed message by Mr. Nori dated 2nd August, 1999 addressed to Mrs. Tepai and copied to Mrs. Gordon assumed that service of the Summons had been effected upon them by Mr. Misi. Mr. Nori argued that Mrs. Tepai should have been surprised by this faxed message and should have immediately contacted Mr. Nori about non-service of the Summons. This, Mr. Nori said, she did not do and she should not now be heard to be complaining about non-service of the Summons. In my view, the burden of proof of service was upon Mr. Nori though according to Mr. Misi, he had served Mrs. Tepai and Mrs Gordon on 27th July, 1999. Obviously this was not so because by the 2nd August, 1999, Mrs. Tepai was still not able to know what summons, Mr. Nori was referring to in his faxed message to her. This was four working days after the date of alleged service. If indeed Mr. Misi had served copies of the Summons upon Mrs. Tepai and Mrs. Gordon on 27th July, 1999, why did he not say so in his affidavit of service together with the exact times service was effected? This omission obviously leaves doubt in my mind whether Mr. Misi had as a matter of fact served the copies of the Summons upon Mrs. Tepai and Mrs. Gordon. I think this is a case where I should rule in favour of the 1st Respondent. The extension order I made on 3rd August, 1999 is accordingly set aside with costs. It was a nullity.

This case does demonstrate that there need for complying with Order 9, rule 16 of the High Court Rules which I believe is not being complied with at the moment.

F.O. Kabui
Judge


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