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Court of Appeal of Solomon Islands |
IN THE SOLOMON ISLANDS COURT OF APPEAL
NATURE OF JURISDICTION | APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT OF THE HIGH COURT OF SOLOMON ISLANDS (FAUKONA PJ) |
COURT FILE NUMBER | CIVIL APPEAL CASE NO. 30. OF 2016. (ON APPEAL FROM HIGH COURT CIVIL CASE NO. 207 OF 2014) |
DATE OF HEARING | 1 MAY 2017 |
DATE OF JUDGEMENT | 5 MAY 2017 |
THE COURT | GOLDSBROUGH P WARD JA WILSON JA |
PARTIES: | EDWARD RONIA -v- ATTORNEY GENERAL (Representing the Public Service Commission) |
ADVOCATES: APPELLANT: RESPONDENT: | MR M PITAKAKA MR S BANUVE |
KEY WORDS: | |
EX TEMPORE/RESERVED: | RESERVED |
ALLOWED/DISMISSED | DISMISSED |
PAGES | 1-8 |
JUDGMENT OF THE COURT
“(2) Subject to the provisions of this section, a person to whom this section applies shall vacate his office when he attains the age of fifty-five years:
Provided that the Governor-General may permit a person to whom this section applies who attains the age of fifty five years to continue in office until he has attained such later age as may have been agreed between the Governor General and that person.”
“By this letter I am seeking your recommendation to the Governor General to permit me to hold the Office of the Auditor General until my current contract expires on 31 December 2014.”
“ Dear Edward Ronia Esq.
RE VACATION OF OFFICE OF AUDITOR GENERAL
This is to inform you that H.E. Governor General has issued a directive through the Public Service Commission (the Commission) that your continuing occupancy of the position of Auditor General is unconstitutional.
It is for that reason that the Commission has directed me to convey to you that you are to vacate office with immediate effect.
In the meantime the Commission and the Ministry of the Public Service will continue to pursue the intention to facilitate your contract for another term.
Yours respectfully,”
11. Section 31 (1) of the Constitution provides:
“31 - (1) In the exercise of his functions under this Constitution or any other law, the Governor General shall act in accordance with the advice of Cabinet or of a Minister acting under the general authority of the Cabinet except in cases where he is required by this Constitution to act in accordance with the advice of, or after consultation with, any person or authority other than the Cabinet or in his own deliberate judgment.”
In addition, Section 129 (7) provides in respect to the Auditor General:
“(7) ...the functions of the Governor General under this section shall be exercised by him -
(a) in relation to the office of the Auditor General, in accordance with the advice of the Public Service Commission”
“My interpretation of Section 31(1) is that the Governor General must act in accordance with the advice of the Cabinet or the Minister acting under the authority of the Cabinet. However, it is an exception which requires the Governor General whether to act on the advice of other persons or authority as required by the Constitution. In other words, in such circumstances the Governor General is not obliged to exercise that function in accordance with the advice of that person or authority, he has discretion, whether to act on such advice or not, depending on his own deliberate judgment.”
15. The judge put it this way:
“The directive which might have probably be given to the Public Service Commission prior to the letter by the Permanent Secretary, cannot be construed as demonstrating wrongful reversal of power, in that it appears to convey the Governor General was advising the Public Service Commission to terminate the appointment of the Claimant.
However, I am persuaded to construe the letter properly. In paragraph (1) which the claimant said the GG actually gave directives, therefore reverse the power in section 129(2) of the Constitution. In my humble opinion, if there was indeed a letter of directive from the Governor General (no such letter was exhibited), the paragraph merely was reminding the Public Service Commission that the claimant by continuing occupying the position as Auditor General after attaining the age of 55 years, is unconstitutional. At the same time if the directive was intended to be read by the claimant, also reminded him that occupying the post of Auditor General whilst his age had gone beyond 55 years was not allowable under the Constitution.
In paragraph 2 the claimant was informed to vacate office immediately while the Commission and the Ministry of Public Service pursue the intention to facilitate his contract for another terms. Whether the facilitation was done or not, was an impression which is subject to inquiry, and this court is not informed of any progress.”
23. The judge came to the same conclusion:
“In the end, what could have enhanced and accepted in my view is this, having had prior knowledge of Clause 23 of the Agreement of Service, corresponding to attainment of 55 years of age, it is incumbent on the claimant to vacate the Office voluntarily. If, as reflected in this case, that he had requested extension, it would be proper in my view, to wait outside of office until he receives a formal reply to his application for extension. To continue remain in office after attaining 55 years technically is occupying the office unconstitutionally. And this is what the claimant had done for one year and four months. As early as that time, the claimant could have solemnly consulted a lawyer for advice. It is very significant because section 31 of the Constitution has conferred discretion upon the Governor General to exercise whether to grant extension or not.
In my own interpretation the letter by the Permanent Secretary did not feature a direction for termination or revocation of the claimant’s appointment but featured vacation of office. It was a directive without source of proof of its authenticity, hence it was mere instruction to check on whether the claimant had vacated the office since he had attained the age of 55 years. It was the responsibility of the Public Service Commission to affirm what the Governor General had directed and whether it had not been dealt with. If not the Public Service Commission will decide what would be the nature of advice to be conveyed to the Governor General. In this case there was nothing done.
Instead the Public Service Commission then directed the Ministry of Public Service to convey to the claimant to vacate the office whilst the Commission and the Ministry of Public Service seek to facilitate the extension of contract of the claimant for another term. Only after then, the Governor General would be advised of what ought to be done. How long it will take to facilitate for another term, no one knows.”
25. The judge rejected them all. He explained:
...“Conscious of the impending risk of reaching 55 years, the claimant wrote to the defendant on 30th May 2011, requesting extension of his term of appointment. By his sworn statement the claimant attested that there was no reply, instead verbal or oral assurances were conveyed by the Chairman of the defendant and the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Public Service. Such oral assurances cannot be accepted as admissible evidence because date and time and when those assurances were made were not recorded in evidence. That piece of evidence is bad for lack of clarity and preciseness. In reality there is no evidence to support such assertion.
The most significant point is that when one deals with a subject as a written contract, anything in connection or association to a written agreement must be done in written form. Oral assurance of any nature does not assist the parties to the agreement; at least a written assurance ought to be traversed. The claimant cannot rely on orality to support his claim to verify the failure by the defendant not to reply to his application. But he should be conscious that remaining on the post after attaining 55 years of age is unconstitutional in a technical sense. To remain without formal authority is enjoying the full benefit from the terms and conditions of services which are liabilities to the Government.”
The appellant had chosen to pursue the case by judicial review instead of a claim of breach of contract. However, the nature of his appointment and the requirement under section 129(2) to vacate the post effectively precluded the common law claims of a right to be heard, unreasonableness and legitimate expectation which may otherwise have arisen. The appellant’s rights, in the absence of extension by the Governor General, to remain in office were overridden by the constitutional provisions at the time he attained 55 years of age.
28. The appeal is dismissed with costs to the respondent.
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Goldsbrough P
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Wilson JA
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Ward JA
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