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High Court of Kiribati |
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KIRIBATI 2016
CIVIL CASE NO. 81 OF 2013
[ARETAAKE IENTAAKE PLAINTIFF
[
BETWEEN [AND
[
[TENEA TENEA 1ST DEFENDANT
[ATTORNEY GENERAL IRO COMMISSIONER
[OF POLICE 2ND DEFENDANT
Before: The Hon Chief Justice Sir John Muria
3 September & 16 November 2015 (submissions from plaintiff)
Ms Kiata Kabure for the Plaintiff
Ms Taaira Timeon for the 2nd Defendant
JUDGMENT
Muria, CJ: This case has all the hall-marks of bad pleadings. So much so that when one reads the Statement of Claim, it is not clear what the plaintiff is claiming damages for.
2. Having narrated the alleged actions of the first defendant done to the plaintiff, the Statement of Claim simply states:
“WHEREFORE the plaintiff claims –
3. Despite such deficiency in the plaintiff’s claim, the defendant has not taken any steps required under the Rules to ask for further and better particulars of the claim pursuant to O.21 r.7 of the High Court (Civil Procedure) Rules. The defendants simply filed a defence and wait for the trial. Without proper particulars of the damages claimed, the Court is left in a difficult position to properly consider the plaintiff’s claim.
“5. At approximately 10.30am on 9 July 2013, the Plaintiff drove to KNYC maneaba to drop off his son who took part in the youth games. At the site there were no road signs blocking the vicinity.
Particulars
The first Defendant vigorously asked the Plaintiff whether he has a brain or not and who told him to enter the said road whilst blocked by road signs.
6. At the end of the pleadings, the issue agreed to by both Counsel is “whether the second defendant will be held vicariously liable for the unlawful actions of the first defendant or not”. What those unlawful actions were, it is unclear.
7. The claim of vicarious liability of the second defendant is not expressly pleaded in the plaintiff’s Statement of Claim. However, paragraph 15 of the Statement of Claim states that the plaintiff instituted the action against the defendants jointly and severally. The implication one can read into paragraph 15 of the claim is that the plaintiff has brought the action against both defendants, so that in the event the claim against the first defendant succeeds, the second defendant would be made to be answerable for the first defendant’s action.
8. For the second defendant to be vicariously liable for the action of the first defendant, the plaintiff has to establish the first defendant was the employee of the second defendant at the time of the incident and that he was acting in the course of his duty. However in the present case, I do not need to go so far to consider those aspects of the case.
9. In the Court’s view, the plaintiff must give particulars of the nature of the damage claimed. This is important in order to ascertain the question of causation. The particulars of the claim is very relevant to identify the nature of the damage sought and the cause of the damage claimed.
10. It must also be pointed out that there has been no evidence to demonstrate the issue of causation arising from the alleged action of the first defendant as complained of in paragraphs 5 to 14 above and none has been pleaded.
11. This case demonstrates the pitfall all too often experienced in claims of the nature made in this case, that litigants often assume that they can claim general damages as a result of some actions of the defendant without any real need of proof that they have occurred. Evidence to show some form of loss has occurred is required, so that unless such evidence is presented to the Court, the chances of the Court refusing to award general damages is very high.
12. The position taken by the Courts in a claim such as the present one, where particularity is lacking, is pointed out in Telsa Motors –v- BBC [2011] EWHC 2760 (QB). In that case, the claimant, after setting out the Statement of Claim, simply claim “damages calculated to cause pecuniary damage”. No particulars have been given. The Court held that as no agreement by the parties to remedy the situation by amending the Statement of Claim to give particulars of the damages, the Court struck out the claimant’s claim. The Court held that the claim for damages is “so lacking in particularity, it cannot be allowed to proceed. Unless it is capable of remedy, it must be struck out”.
13. In my judgment, the damages claimed by the plaintiff in this case lacks particularity and as such it cannot be allowed to stand. See Telsa Motors –v- BBC [2011] EWHC 2760 (QB).
14. There is nothing before the Court to suggest that the defendants would consent to any amendment to the claim for damages and there has certainly been no application before the Court for leave to amend the claim for damages in this case. That being the position in this case, the plaintiff’s claim must be struck out.
Dated the 5th day of August 2016
SIR JOHN MURIA
Chief Justice
[This Judgment had been prepared several months ago but not delivered due to the file and draft judgment in it being misplaced].
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