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Magistrates Court of Fiji |
IN THE RESIDENT MAGISTRATE’S COURT AT SUVA
Criminal Case No.448 OF 2012
THE STATE
PLAINTIFF
V
LEONE ROKOMARAIVALU TUPOU BOKADI
& OTHERS
DEFENDANTS
For State : Cpl. Apenisa
For Accused1: In Person
For Accused2: In Person
RULING ON ‘NO CASE TO ANSWER’
[1]. INTRODUCTION
LEONE ROKOMARAIVALU and TUPOU BOKADI were charged with two counts of AGGRAVATED ROBBERY: Contrary to section 311 (1) (a) of the Crimes Decree, 2009 and two counts of THEFT: Contrary to section 291 (1) of the Crimes Decree, 2009.The particulars of the Offence states as follows;
Count 1
Statement of Offence (a)
Aggravated Robbery: Contrary to Section 311 (1)(b) of the Crimes Decree, 2009.
Particulars of Offence (b)
Leone Rokomaraivalu and TupouBokadi with others, on the 17th day of March 2012, at Namadi Heights in the Central Division, stole 1 x Black berry phone valued at $500.00, 1 x Nokia Mobile valued at $1,000.00, $1,200.00 cash and assorted bunch of keys valued at $100.00, all to the total value of $2,800.00 from Ricky Vicklesh Kumar.
Count 2
Statement of Offence (a)
Aggravated Robbery: Contrary to Section 311 (1)(b) of the Crimes Decree, 2009.
Particulars of Offence (b)
Leone Rokomaraivalu and TupouBokadi with others, on the 17th day of March 2012, at Namadi Heights in the Central Division, stole 1 x Nokia Iphone valued at $1,000.00, $30.00 cash and 1 x Apple Ipod valued at $500.00, all to the total value of $1,530.00 from JasminRonita Kumar.
Count 3
Statement of Offence (a)
Theft: Contrary to Section 291 (1)of the Crimes Decree, 2009.
Particulars of Offence (b)
Leone Rokomaraivalu and TupouBokadi with others, on the 17th day of March 2012, at Namadi Heights in the Central Division, dishonestly appropriated (stole) 8 x Assorted Duty Free Liquor bottles valued at $2,000.00, the property of Jainandra Kumar.
Count 4
Statement of Offence (a)
Theft: Contrary to Section 291 (1) of the Crimes Decree, 200
Particulars of Offence (b)
Leone Rokomaraivalu and TupouBokadi with others, on the 17th day of March 2012, at Namadi Heights in the Central Division, dishonestly appropriated (stole) 1 x Toyota Land cruiser valued at $100,000.00 and 1 x car stereo valued at $1,200.00, all to the total value of $101,200.00, the property of Ricky Vicklesh Kumar.
At the close of the prosecution case, the unrepresented accused persons did not make any submission for a no case to answer. But this court is obliged under Section 178 of the Criminal Procedure Decree 2009 that at the close of the evidence in support of the charge it appears to the court that a case is not made out against the accused person sufficiently to require him or her to make a defence, the court shall dismiss the case and shall acquit the accused.
[2]. The Law on No Case to Answer provides
“If at the close of the evidence in support of the charge it appears to the court that a case is not made out against the accused person sufficiently to require him or her to make a defence, the court shall dismiss the case and shall acquit the accused.”
"A submission that there is may pry be made ande and upheld
(a) when there has been no evidence to prove an essential element in the alleged offence;
(b) when the evidence adduced by the prosecution has been so discredited as the result of cross-examination or is so manifestly unreliable that no reasonable tribunal could safely convict on it. Apart from these two situations a tribunal should not in general be called upon to reach a decision as to conviction or acquittal until the whole of the evidence which either side wishes to tender has been placed before it.
If however, a submission is made that there is no case to an/b>, the decisdecision should depend not so much on whether the adjudicating tribunal would at that stage convict or acquit but on whether the evidence is such that a reasonable tribunal mightict. If a reasonable tribunribunal might convict on the evidence so far laid before it, there is a case to answer."
His lordship Justice Daniel Goundar further stated that an accused can rely on either limb of the test under section 210 to make an application for no case to answer in the Magistrates' Court. Furthermore his lordship stated that the test under section 210 has no application in the High Court. Nor is the English test for no case to answer stated in the case of Galbraith (1981) 2 All ER 1060 has any application to a case in the High Court.
"The decision as to whether or not there is a case to answer&shouldhould depend not so much on whether the adjudicating tribunal would at that stage convict or acquit but on whether the evidence is such that a reasonaribunal properly directing its mind to the law and the evid evidence could or might convict on the evidence so far laid before it.
[3]. In the light of all the laid down legal principles discussed above, now I proceed to discuss the matter before this court. The accused persons are been charged withtwo countsof contrary to section 311 (1) (a) of the Crimes Decree, 2009 and two counts of contrary to section 291 (1) of the Crimes Decree, 2009.
[4]. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENCE
THE PROSECUTIONS CASE
At the trial proper the prosecution led the evidence of 07 witnesses and the following is a summary of evidence that was adduced during trial. The Caution Interview and Charge Statement of second Accused was tendered in as Exhibits.
The Prosecution called the following witnesses:
PW1. Ricky Vicklesh Kumar
PW2. JasminRonita Kumar [PW5]
PW3. Rachel Kumar
PW4. DC 2161 Nacani Bolabia
PW5. Jenendra Kumar
PW6. DC 3036 Amani
PW7. DC 4576 Eliki
[5] For the charge of Aggravated Robbery: Contrary to section 311 (1) (a) of the Crimes Decree, 2009, the elements of offence are:
For the charge of Theft: Contrary to section 291 (1) of the Crimes Decree, 2009, the elements of offence are:
[6] PW1-Ricky Vicklesh Kumar(Compliant) and her sister PW2-JasminRonita Kumar were at their home on the 17th day of March 2012, at Namadi Heights during the alleged robbery and theft. But, as all the "robbers" were masked they could not identify them and also failed to identify the accused persons in court .Both PW3– Rachel Kumar and PW7–Jenendra Kumar, parents of the PW1 and PW2 were at Nadi at the time of the alleged offences. The other witnesses from police are Investigating officers and the charging officers of the accused persons.
[7] All evidence has been weighed and evaluated by court at the end of prosecution case and all witnesses have been considered. I also consider the test at the end of the prosecution case, referring to above discussed applying it to the facts of the case, and the law on the offence.
[8]The most important element to be proved is the identity of the Accused. In other words that this Accused persons were involved in the offence.
[9] It was revealed in the trial that the Accused was masked.
[10] Prosecution led evidence of 7 witnesses in the trial proper. None of them had identified the Accused persons.
[11] The only material before the Court is the confessionary statement made by the second Accused.. The Accused challenged the admissibility of the confession, therefore a voir dire inquiry held to determine the admissibility of the confession. At the end of the inquiry the Court held that the confession can be allowed to be led in evidence.
[12] The confession reveals certain details but not recalls the entirety of the incident. That brings a doubt in the mind of the Court whether it was made by the Accused or doctored.
[13]The prosecution did not claim that there was a recovery from the Accused persons or any recovered items not produced before the Court.
[14] I am of the view, that at this stage the Court need not look into the merits of the case in a comprehensive manner, it is the responsibility of the Court to test the evidence of the Prosecution as it was stated by Justice Shameem in Abdul Gani Sahib V The State. And also in light of the above discussed law and authorities pertaining to no case to answer this Court to determine if there has been evidence led on each of the essential elements of the offence, and if that evidence is such that a reasonable tribunal might or could convict upon it and to see whether there is some relevant and admissible evidence, may they be either direct or circumstantial, implicating the accused with which they have been charged with and touching on all the elements of the said offence.
[15] In this scenario I would like to draw my attention to the view formulated by His Lordship Justice Gounder in FICAC vsRajendra Kumar and Jaswant Kumar (HAC 001/2009 decided on 11th of February 2010).Justice Goundar, held that "The test is that there must be some relevant and admissible evidence, direct or circumstantial, touching on all the elements of the offence."
[16] In view of the reasons set out in above paragraphs, All what this court would look at is whether the both accusers go beyond the margin of section 178 of the Criminal Procedure Decree 2009. Considering all the Court finds that the the evidence tendered in Court at the end of the prosecution case the Court finds that a case is not made out against both accused persons sufficiently to require the accused to make a defence. Therefore, both the accused persons LEONE ROKOMARAIVALUTUPOU BOKADI are not guilty and acquits them accordingly accordingly.
28 days to appeal
--------------------------
Lakshika Fernando
Resident Magistrate
On this 19 th day of March, 2014.
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URL: http://www.paclii.org/fj/cases/FJMC/2014/67.html