IN THE HIGH COURT OF FIJI
AT SUVA
MISCELLENEOUS JURISDICTION

Crim. Misc. Case No: HAM 104/2012

BETWEEN

EPARAMA MANI
APPLICANT

AND:

THE STATE
RESPONDENT

COUNSEL: Applicant in Person
Mr. L. Fotofili for the Respondent 
Hearing Date : 20/11/2012
Ruling Date : 06/12/2012

RULING ON COST

1. The applicant filed an Application for Cost against the State. 

INTRODUCTION

2. The Applicant was tried before this court under one count of Aggravated Robbery contrary to section 311(1)(b)of the Crimes Decree No:44 of 2009.He was kept in remand until conclusion of his case No: HAC 098 of 2010.

3. At the conclusion of the trial the Assessors unanimously found the accused guilty to the charge. But after considering the evidence presented during the trial, this court over-ruled the guilty verdict of the Assessors and Acquitted the Applicant.

4. Now the Applicant filed this Application and seeks cost against the State on the following grounds:

i) Prolonged period held in servitude whilst in remand from 07th May, 2010 to 03rd May, 2012.

ii) Wrongful Confinement.

BACKGROUND OF EVENTS

5. The Applicant's trial commenced on 10.04.2012 with a voir dire held first to determine the admissibility of the Applicant's Caution Interview statement to the Police in relation to this case.

6. On 18.04.2012 after the voir dire this court ruled and held that the Caution Interview of the Applicant was admissible and the trial proper commenced thereafter with assessors. 

7. The trial concluded on 26.04.2012 and summing up was delivered on 30.04.2012. On the same day of the summing up the assessors returned with a unanimous guilty verdict against the accused. The court then retired to give its judgement in the matter.

8. Judgement was delivered on 03.05.2012 and the accused was acquitted disregarding the verdict of the assessors and held that the prosecution had not proven its case beyond reasonable doubt.

9. The Applicant has now filed a notice of motion with his supporting affidavit seeking costs, compensation and damages and any other orders under section 150 of the Criminal Procedure Decree 2009. 

LAW

10. Section 150 of the Criminal Procedure Decree 2009 deals with the application for cost.

1. A Judge or magistrate may order person convicted of an offence or discharged without conviction in accordance with law, to pay to a public or private prosecutor such reasonable costs as the judge or magistrate determines, in addition to any other penalty imposed.

2. A judge or magistrate who acquits or discharges a person accused of an offence, may order the prosecutor, whether public or private, to pay to the accused such reasonable costs as the judge or magistrate determines.

3. An order shall not be made under sub-section (2) unless the judge or magistrate considers that the prosecutor, either had no reasonable grounds for bringing the proceedings or has unreasonable prolong the matter.

4. A judge or magistrate may make any other order as to costs as may be required in the circumstances to-

(a) defray the costs incurred by any party as a result of adjournment sought by another party;

(b) recompense any party for any costs arising from any conduct by any other party which delays a trial or requires the expenditure of monies as a result of the conduct of that party during a trial;

(c) penalize a lawyer for any improper action during a trial, and in such a case the order may be that the lawyer pay the costs personally; and 

(d) otherwise meet the interests of justice in any case.

5. The costs awarded under this section may be awarded in addition to any compensation awarded by the court under this Decree or the Sentencing and Penalties Decree 2009.

6. Payment of costs by the accused shall be enforceable in the same manner as a fine.

Section 158(2) of the Old Criminal Procedure Code provides:

"It shall be lawful for a judge of the [High Court] or any magistrate who acquits or discharges a person accused of an offence, to order the prosecutor whether public or private, to pay the accused such reasonable costs as to such judge or magistrate may seem fit:

Provided that such an order shall not be made unless the judge or magistrate considers that the prosecutor either had no reasonable grounds for bringing the proceedings or has unreasonably prolonged the same" 

CASE AUTHORITIES
11. State v Ravuvu [2004] FJHC 105: Criminal Appeal No: HAA 65 of 2003S:

In considering a costs application, a court should ask both parties to make submissions, and should specify the grounds on which costs are awarded. There are no other grounds on which costs may be awarded (Graham Southwick v State CAV0001 of 2003S) and a ruling on costs should specify whether the prosecution was unreasonably brought or unreasonably prolonged.

It is apparent that neither ground applied in this case. If the learned Magistrate had accepted the evidence of PW1, he would have convicted. No prosecutor can predict whether a court will accept the evidence any witness, when the statement of the witness appears to be credible. In this case, there was an equal chance of a conviction, as there was of an acquittal. 

12. State v Southwick [1999] FJHC 123; HAC Criminal Case No.018 of 1998:

The said section 158(2) does confer a discretion in the court to make an order for cost but that discretion has to be exercised judicially which I have done bearing in mind that each case must be considered on its own special facts. In this case I find that no good grounds have been shown for the exercise of that discretion in the applicant's favour.

In this case which is a criminal proceedings a particular approach according to its own circumstances is required as already stated here above. As is clear from the provisions of section 158(2) the mere facts that the accused has been 'discharged' does not result in an order for costs being made in his favour, nor for the reasons that I have given after considering the submissions of the learned defence counsel that I ought to make the order for costs. 

13. Macartney v State [2010] FJHC 30: Criminal Appeal No.013 of 2008: 

In the instant case and in the absence of any application by the defence at the time for a stay of proceedings on the basis of unfairness, there was nothing to suggest to the prosecution that the proceedings were unreasonable.

ARGUMENTS

14. The Applicant submits that, he was detained for more than two years in the prison and he was wrongfully confined.

15. State submits that there was unreasonable delay in having the matter brought to trial; it was mostly caused by the Applicant insisting on legal representation. On perusal of the court it is very clear that most of the adjournments were due to applications made by the Applicant. Further the Applicant failed to mention that he was a serving prisoner. 

16. Her Ladyship, Justice Shameen said in State v Ravuvu-HAA 65 of 2003S that: 

"no prosecutor can predict whether a court will accept the evidence of any witness, when the statement of the witness appears to be credible. In this case, there was an equal chance of a conviction, as there was of an acquittal". 

17. Though the Applicant was acquitted after a full trial, I conclude that the proceedings were not unreasonably brought against him. Further State has not contributed any unreasonable delay in this matter.

18. Due to aforementioned reason I conclude that this Application has no merit. Hence I dismiss this application.

19. 30 days to Appeal.

P.Kumararatnam
JUDGE

At Suva
06/12/2012